激光扫描共聚焦显微镜术中活细胞标本的制备

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜是以单个的、活性的、贴壁的细胞标本为主要的研究对象。为了获得适合共聚焦显微镜分析的组织细胞标本,本文讨论了标本制备存在的一些问题并提出了改进的方法。结果显示：组织细胞外环境中盐溶液、ｐＨ值、温度、氧气等均为影响细胞活性的重要因素;而且细胞的贴壁效果也是观测分析的关键条件之一。本文对激光扫描共聚焦显微镜术中的组织细胞学方法进行了探讨,并为此提供一些有实效的实验方法。     

共聚焦激光扫描显微镜技术

自1985年共聚焦激光扫描显微镜问世以来,该项技术一直在飞速发展和完善。近年来一系列新型的共聚焦显微镜相继研制成功和投入使用,如视频共聚焦激光扫描显微镜、双光子显微镜、4Pi显微镜、荧光寿命成像显微镜等,它们较传统共聚焦显微镜有着各自独特的优势,了解它们的基本性能和特点有助于其在生物学领域更为广泛深入的应用。     

针孔参数优化对激光扫描共聚焦显微镜荧光成像的影响

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）是一种高分辨率的光学成像仪器,它利用“共轭成像”原理,获得的图片质量远超于普通荧光显微镜。LSCM有两组功能不同的针孔,即照明针孔和探测针孔,这是实现“共轭成像”的关键。由于照明针孔的大小和位置一般是固定的,LSCM主要通过调节探测针孔的大小来获得高质量的成像图片。然而,很多使用者对于LSCM中针孔大小与荧光成像质量的关联缺乏了解。因此,本文阐述了针孔在LSCM中的作用原理及其与显微镜分辨率的关系,并通过小鼠脊髓腹侧白质中的免疫荧光成像分析,发现针孔参数优化对提高LSCM荧光成像质量具有显著影响。这一发现将为LSCM成像分析提供重要参考。     

利用转盘共聚焦显微镜进行快速实验的新方法

转盘共聚焦显微镜是快速激光共聚焦显微镜的一种,与传统的激光共聚焦显微镜相比具有一些相同点,也有其特有的优势。本文主要介绍转盘共聚焦显微镜的基本原理及如何利用转盘共聚焦显微镜进行快速实验及应用实例,并与传统激光共聚焦显微镜进行比较。转盘共聚焦显微镜具有速度快、灵敏度高、对样品光损伤和光淬灭程度低、操作灵活简单,是随着实验技术发展使用越来越广泛的实验仪器。     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在细胞间隙连接研究中的应用

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)是当今世界上最先进的分子细胞生物学分析仪器之一。旨就LSCM在细胞间隙连接蛋白的定位、定量、分布及细胞间分子迁移、胞间通讯等方面的应用进行综述,并对其在GJIC的研究进行展望。     

利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的肿瘤血管在体成像研究

传统的观察血管的方法需将组织制成切片,然后通过光学显微镜进行观察。显示的只是血管的某一片段而无法观察到血管的全貌。应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜,可对活体动物血管进行断层成像,从而再现血管的结构。本方法为对肿瘤等病变组织血管进行研究提供了一种新的检测手段。     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜荧光探针的选择和应用

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜是检测生物荧光信号的最新技术手段。不仅广泛用于荧光定性、定量测量,还可用于活细胞动态荧光监测、组织细胞断层扫描、三维图象重建、共聚焦图象分析、荧光光漂白恢复、激光显微切割手术等。本文拟就激光扫描共聚焦显微镜常用的检测内容及其相关荧光探针的选择和应用做一简单的介绍。     

共聚焦激光扫描显微镜在发育生物学中的应用

共聚焦激光扫描显微镜以高空间分辨率、非介入无损伤性连续光学切片、实时动态观察等优越性,应用于生物医学众多领域中。本文主要论述共聚焦激光扫描显微镜在发育生物学中的应用。     

活细胞钙动态的共聚焦扫描显微镜检测技术

共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（Confocal Laser Scarming Microscope,CLSM）广泛应用于活细胞内钙敏感探针标记的钙水平的动态测量。较之传统的显微镜CLSM在钙成像分析上有着不可比拟的优越性,但也存在一些缺陷,近些年陆续出现了一些针对这些缺陷的改善措施,如比率法、葡聚糖探针及其他一些新技术与共聚焦显微镜的联合应用等,并且出现了诸如双光子显微镜等新型激光共聚焦显微镜。随着共聚焦钙成像技术的不断发展进步,其今后的应用前景将会越越广阔。     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在医学研究中的应用

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（Confocal laser scanning microscope,CLSM）具有高分辨率、高灵敏度、三维重建、动态分析等优点,使图像更为精确清晰和数字化。该仪器现已广泛应用于细胞生物学、生理学、病理学、遗传学和药理学等研究领域中。本文简述了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的结构、工作原理并归纳了其在医学各领域研究中的应用。     

激光共聚焦显微镜在肿瘤免疫治疗检测中的应用

目的:通过激光共聚焦显微镜对肿瘤生物治疗后患者的外周血淋巴细胞进行亚群计数,为生物治疗后外周血淋巴细胞无法分群的肿瘤患者提供新的监测免疫功能状态的方法。方法:收集35例肿瘤生物治疗后患者的外周血标本,通过激光共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪两种方法分别对患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群进行分类计数。结果:流式细胞仪和激光共聚焦显微镜同时分类计数的患者外周血细胞标本30例,两种方法在检测CD3、CD3~+/CD4~+、CD3~+/CD8~+、CD3-/CD16~+56~+、CD3-/CD19~+细胞时均无统计学差异(P值0.05);5例流式细胞仪无法将患者外周血淋巴细胞分群的样本,通过激光共聚焦显微镜可以进行分类计数。结论:激光共聚焦显微镜亦可以用于外周血淋巴细胞的分类计数。     

人膀胱癌细胞纤维肌动蛋白共聚焦激光扫描显微镜观察

探讨膀胱癌细胞纤维肌动蛋白（F－actin)的空间结构。采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜光学切片技术结合异硫酸氢荧光素－鬼笔环肽（FITC－phalloidin)标记纤维肌动蛋白和碘化丙啶（PI）和标记核酸的荧光探针双重标记技术对膀胱癌细胞纤维肌动蛋白进行形态学观察,结果可见膀胱癌细胞内纤维肌动蛋白微丝形态完整,成细束或细丝状,平行排列地整个细胞或细胞突起,在胞质边缘处较密集。     

Histological Observations of Dental Tissues Using the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

To investigate the time course of mineralization in undecalcified dental tissues, calcein-and tetracycline-labeled rat maxillary molar sections were stained with Villanueva bone stain en bloc, embedded in methyl-methacrylate (MMA), ground to 50 μm thickness, and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This method allowed observation of dental structures including odontoblasts, pulp cells and periodontal ligament, and dentinal tubules and enamel rods at high resolution; labeled enamel, dentine, and cementum could be observed simultaneously regardless of section thickness. CLSM permitted simultaneous observation of both the components of calcified tissue and the cellular components of dental tissues, and assessment of the mineralization time course of hard tissues labeled by tetracycline or calcein. The technique is useful for both assessing the elements composing dental structure and observing the histological dynamics by which dental structure develops.     

Histological Observations of Dental Tissues Using the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope

To investigate the time course of mineralization in undecalcified dental tissues, calcein-and tetracycline-labeled rat maxillary molar sections were stained with Villanueva bone stain en bloc, embedded in methyl-methacrylate (MMA), ground to 50 μm thickness, and observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This method allowed observation of dental structures including odontoblasts, pulp cells and periodontal ligament, and dentinal tubules and enamel rods at high resolution; labeled enamel, dentine, and cementum could be observed simultaneously regardless of section thickness. CLSM permitted simultaneous observation of both the components of calcified tissue and the cellular components of dental tissues, and assessment of the mineralization time course of hard tissues labeled by tetracycline or calcein. The technique is useful for both assessing the elements composing dental structure and observing the histological dynamics by which dental structure develops.     

Cell Death Associated with Abnormal Mitosis Observed by Confocal Imaging in Live Cancer Cells

Phenanthrene derivatives acting as potent PARP1 inhibitors prevented the bi-focal clustering of supernumerary centrosomes in multi-centrosomal human cancer cells in mitosis. The phenanthridine PJ-34 was the most potent molecule. Declustering of extra-centrosomes causes mitotic failure and cell death in multi-centrosomal cells. Most solid human cancers have high occurrence of extra-centrosomes. The activity of PJ-34 was documented in real-time by confocal imaging of live human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with vectors encoding for fluorescent γ-tubulin, which is highly abundant in the centrosomes and for fluorescent histone H2b present in the chromosomes. Aberrant chromosomes arrangements and de-clustered γ-tubulin foci representing declustered centrosomes were detected in the transfected MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with PJ-34. Un-clustered extra-centrosomes in the two spindle poles preceded their cell death. These results linked for the first time the recently detected exclusive cytotoxic activity of PJ-34 in human cancer cells with extra-centrosomes de-clustering in mitosis, and mitotic failure leading to cell death. According to previous findings observed by confocal imaging of fixed cells, PJ-34 exclusively eradicated cancer cells with multi-centrosomes without impairing normal cells undergoing mitosis with two centrosomes and bi-focal spindles. This cytotoxic activity of PJ-34 was not shared by other potent PARP1 inhibitors, and was observed in PARP1 deficient MEF harboring extracentrosomes, suggesting its independency of PARP1 inhibition. Live confocal imaging offered a useful tool for identifying new molecules eradicating cells during mitosis.     

利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜研究植物细胞发育形态学变化

通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜,利用不同种类(波长)的激光研究植物细胞发育形态学变化。结果表明,利用紫外激光(351 nm)扫描可以清楚地观察到拟南芥叶片表皮细胞的形态及其变化,在已分化的叶片表皮上可观察到包括“铺垫”表皮细胞(epidermal pavement cells)、气孔保卫细胞(guard cell)、气孔伴胞(subsidiarycells)、表皮毛细胞(trichomes)和表皮毛的足细胞(socket cells)等多种形态不同的细胞种类;利用蓝光激光(488nm)辅助曙红浅染,可清晰地显示出拟南芥根生长区内部的各种原始细胞,包括静止区(quiescent center)细胞、皮层/内皮层原始细胞(cortex/endodermal initial cell)、表皮/根冠原始细胞(epidermal/root cap initial cell)和中柱/根冠原始细胞(columella/root cap initial cell)等。利用双光子激光(800 nm)连续扫描30 s可以诱发叶绿体产生自发荧光,并可观察到叶绿体在叶肉细胞中的运动轨迹。结果说明激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在植物细胞形态及发育研究上具有独特的功能。     

阔口尖毛虫纤毛器微管的激光共聚焦显微镜观察

应用激光扫描共聚焦显微术显示经荧光紫杉醇标记的阔口尖毛虫(Oxytricha platystoma)口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛、左右缘棘毛等纤毛器的微管类细胞骨架.其口围带基部含小膜托架、托架间连接微管和小膜基部微管束,波动膜基部含发达的微管骨架网,口围带和波动膜后端的汇合处含有口底托架及口后微管束,额腹横棘毛和左、右...