A checklist of the mosquitoes (fam. Culicidae) in the European part of Russia

The checklist of the European Russia Culicidae is presented for the first time in Russian literature. It includes 64 species. The distribution in Russia of 4 from 64 listed species (Culiseta fumipennis, Aedes rusticus, Ae. cretinus, Ae. aegypti) is doubtful. The classification and valid species names are listed according to the Catalog of the Mosquitoes of the World (Knight, Stone, 1977) and its supplements (Knight, 1978; Ward, 1984; 1992; Gaffigan, Ward, 1985), with the exceptions of 4 species. These species (Aedes duplex, Ae. pulchritarsis, Ae. rossicus, Ae. schtakelbergi) are regarded in comments to the checklist.     

Pyralid moths (Lepidoptera,Pyraloidea) of Buryatia. Family Crambidae

All the known bibliographical and original data on grass moths (Pyraloidea, Crambidae) of Buryatia (Western Transbaikalia) are summarized. Regional fauna is represented by 46 species, including 24 species recorded for the first time, 1 species new for Asian part of Russia, and 1 species new for Russia. The distribution and bionomics of each species are described in brief.     

The Herpetofauna of Iran: Checklist of Taxonomy,Distribution and Conservation Status

We present an annotated checklist for a total 241 reptiles and 22 amphibians including 5 frogs, 9 toads, 7 newts and salamanders, 1 crocodile, 1 worm lizard, 148 lizards, 79 snakes and 12 turtles and tortoises, includes the most scientific literature up to August 2014 and also based on several field surveys conducted in different Provinces of Iran from 2009 to 2014. We present an up-to-dated checklist of reptiles and amphibians in Iran. We provide a comprehensive listing of taxonomy, names, distribution and conservation status of all amphibians and reptiles of Iran. This checklist includes all recognized named taxa, English names for classes, orders, families, species, subspecies along with Persian names for species, including indication of native and introduced species. For the first time we report two non-native introduced reptiles from natural habitats of Iran. Of the total 22 species of amphibians in Iran, 6(27.2%) are endemic and of the total 241 species of reptiles, 55(22.8%) are endemic. Of the 22 amphibians species in Iran, 3(13%) are Critically Endangered, 2(9%) are Vulnerable and of the 241 reptile species 3(1.2%) are Critically Endangered, 4(1.6%) are Endangered and 10(4.1%) are Vulnerable. Accordingly, this paper combines significant aspects of taxonomy, common names, conservation status and distribution of the Iranian herpetofauna.     

The taxonomic diversity of the parasites of agnathans and fishes in the Volga basin. I. Parasitic protozoa (Protozoa)

A checklist of protozoa parasitizing fishes in the Volga basin is given. The checklist includes host species names for the each parasite and data on the occurrence of parasites in different parts of the Volga basin. The data on parasitic protozoa from 52 fish species are presented. The list containes 224 species and 10 subspecies names of the parasites. 9 species (Trypanosoma gracilis, Eimeria cheni, E. sinensis, Zschokkella striata, Chloromyxum cyprini, Myxobolus amurensis, M. driagini, M. pavlovskii, and Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni) were introduced into the Volga basin from the Amur basin along with acclimatizated fishes.     

四川省山蚋亚属分类记要并二新种记述(双翅目,蚋科)

记载四川省蚋属山蚋亚属 Simulium(Montisimulium)计9种,其中含2新种,吉斯沟山蚋 Sinulium(Montisimulium)jisigouense sp.nov.和川北山蚋岛 Simulium(Montisimulium)chuanbeiense sp.nov.,文中对其不同虫期进行形态描述并与其近缘种进行分类讨论并附四川省山蚋亚属名录.     

The taxonomic diversity of the parasites of fishes in the Volga basin. III. Aspidogastrea and Trematoda

A checklist of Aspidogastrea and Trematoda parasitizing fishes in the Volga basin is given. The checklist includes host species names for the each parasite and data on the occurrence of parasites in different parts of the Volga basin. The data on trematodes from 69 fish species are presented. The list containes 107 species and 1 subspecies names of trematodes, and 1 species of Aspidogastrea. The family Diplostomidae is represented by the most number of species (22). Six species of trematodes (Amurotrema dombrovskajae, Sanguinicola skrjabini, Nicolla skrjabini, Plagioporus skrjabini, Apophallus muehlingi, Rossikotrema donicum) have been introduced into Volga River along with aclimatizated fishes or penetrated into its basin by self-migration to new water bodies.     

湖北省神农架蚋类记要并记述二新种(双翅目,蚋科)

报告湖北省神农架蚋类并记述蚋属2新种,模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室。 红坪蚋．新种S．（S．）hongpingense sp．nov．（图1～14） 新种隶属于蚋亚属灰额蚋组griseifrons-group。与福州蚋、优分蚋极为相似,但可根据下列综合特征如蛹茧具前侧窗,特殊的盾饰,以及雄虫生殖腹板和中骨的形状与上述2近缘种相区别。 正模♀,副模2♂♂,4蛹,3幼虫,幼虫和蛹采自湖北省神农架自然保护区红坪小溪中的水草。 小龙潭蚋．新种S．（S．）xiaolongtanense sp．nov．（图15～29） 新种隶属于蚋亚属多条蚋组multistriatum group．,新种与蚋亚属的崎岛蚋、重庆蚋、钩突蚋、包氏蚋、地记蚋等近缘,然而,可通过雄虫的生殖腹板形状、生殖肢端节无端刺但具短的基内突与近缘种相区别。 正模♀,副模1♀,3♂♂,12蛹及8幼虫,均采自湖北神龙架溪流被水淹没的水草及落叶中。     

Temporal Patterns of Abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Ae. albopictus in the Central African Republic

The invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) was first reported in central Africa in 2000, in Cameroon, with the indigenous mosquito species Ae. aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Today, this invasive species is present in almost all countries of the region, including the Central African Republic (CAR), where it was first recorded in 2009. As invasive species of mosquitoes can affect the distribution of native species, resulting in new patterns of vectors and concomitant risk for disease, we undertook a comparative study early and late in the wet season in the capital and the main cities of CAR to document infestation and the ecological preferences of the two species. In addition, we determined the probable geographical origin of invasive populations of Ae. albopictus with two mitochondrial DNA genes, COI and ND5. Analysis revealed that Ae. aegypti was more abundant earlier in the wet season and Ae. albopictus in the late wet season. Used tyres were the most heavily colonized productive larval habitats for both species in both seasons. The invasive species Ae. albopictus predominated over the resident species at all sites in which the two species were sympatric. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed broad low genetic diversity, confirming recent introduction of Ae. albopictus in CAR. Phylogeographical analysis based on COI polymorphism indicated that the Ae. albopictus haplotype in the CAR population segregated into two lineages, suggesting multiple sources of Ae. albopictus. These data may have important implications for vector control strategies in central Africa.     

An updated checklist of the Culicidae (Diptera) of Morocco,with notes on species of historical and current medical importance

An updated checklist of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) recorded in Morocco from 1916 to 2016 is provided, including synonyms and synonymous usage for each species. Forty‐three species belonging to seven genera are recorded so far: Anopheles (9), Aedes (12) Coquillettidia (2), Culex (12), Culiseta (5), Orthopodomyia (1) and Uranotaenia (2). Traditional and equivalent names in the polyphyletic concept of Aedes are provided for the aedine species. The historical importance and current potential threat of mosquitoes to human health in Morocco is reviewed.     

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Chikungunya Virus of Different Genotypes from Malaysia

Background

Mosquito-borne Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has recently re-emerged globally. The epidemic East/Central/South African (ECSA) strains have spread for the first time to Asia, which previously only had endemic Asian strains. In Malaysia, the ECSA strain caused an extensive nationwide outbreak in 2008, while the Asian strains only caused limited outbreaks prior to this. To gain insight into these observed epidemiological differences, we compared genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of CHIKV of Asian and ECSA genotypes isolated in Malaysia.

Methods and Findings

CHIKV of Asian and ECSA genotypes were isolated from patients during outbreaks in Bagan Panchor in 2006, and Johor in 2008. Sequencing of the CHIKV strains revealed 96.8% amino acid similarity, including an unusual 7 residue deletion in the nsP3 protein of the Asian strain. CHIKV replication in cells and Aedes mosquitoes was measured by virus titration. There were no differences in mammalian cell lines. The ECSA strain reached significantly higher titres in Ae. albopictus cells (C6/36). Both CHIKV strains infected Ae. albopictus mosquitoes at a higher rate than Ae. aegypti, but when compared to each other, the ECSA strain had much higher midgut infection and replication, and salivary gland dissemination, while the Asian strain infected Ae. aegypti at higher rates.

Conclusions

The greater ability of the ECSA strain to replicate in Ae. albopictus may explain why it spread far more quickly and extensively in humans in Malaysia than the Asian strain ever did, particularly in rural areas where Ae. albopictus predominates. Intergenotypic genetic differences were found at E1, E2, and nsP3 sites previously reported to be determinants of host adaptability in alphaviruses. Transmission of CHIKV in humans is influenced by virus strain and vector species, which has implications for regions with more than one circulating CHIKV genotype and Aedes species.     

New for the asian part of Russia and little-known species of Crambidae (Lepidoptera)

Records of new and rare species of pyralid moths from the Asian part of Russia are given. Figures of the genitalia are provided for 6 species new to this region.     

Annotated checklist of the living sharks,batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world,with a focus on biogeographical diversity

An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes (sharks, batoids and chimaeras) of the world is presented. As of 7 November 2015, the number of species totals 1188, comprising 16 orders, 61 families and 199 genera. The checklist includes nine orders, 34 families, 105 genera and 509 species of sharks; six orders, 24 families, 88 genera and 630 species of batoids (skates and rays); one order, three families, six genera and 49 species of holocephalans (chimaeras). The most speciose shark orders are the Carcharhiniformes with 284 species, followed by the Squaliformes with 119. The most species‐rich batoid orders are the Rajiformes with 285 species and the Myliobatiformes with 210. This checklist represents the first global checklist of chondrichthyans to include information on maximum size, geographic and depth distributions, as well as comments on taxonomically problematic species and recent and regularly overlooked synonymizations. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the biogeographical diversity of the species across 10 major areas of occurrence is given, including updated figures for previously published hotspots of chondrichthyan biodiversity, providing the detailed numbers of chondrichthyan species per major area, and revealing centres of distribution for several taxa     

中国食用菌名录

作者系统地考证了我国食用菌的名称,排除了过去报道中的187个名称,同时新增了82个名称,本文共收录中国食用菌966个分类单元,包括936种、23变种、3亚种和4变型。对每个名称按新近的研究成果和最新命名法规(维也纳法规)进行了订正,将曾报道的、但应作为其他种的同物异名者列在其正名之后,所有名称定名人的缩写全部按国际植物命名法规的要求加以规范化。     

Taxonomic composition and zoogeographic characteristics of the flea fauna (Siphonaptera) of Russia

255 species and 59 subspecies of fleas from 55 genera of 7 families are known from Russia, which is 30% of the Palaearctic fauna. Additionally, over 187 species of 47 genera from 7 families are known from the neighboring territories of Central and Southern Europe, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Middle Asia, Mongolia, Northeast China, and Japan. 13 species of 12 genera are known only from Russia. Noteworthy is the low percent of endemic species (not more than 4%) and genera (one genus) in the Russian fauna. The principal centers of taxonomic diversity in the Palaearctic, including many endemic species and genera, lie in the Eastern Asian, Central Asian, and Turano-Iranian Subregions, outside Russia and the Euro-Siberian Subregion. The bulk of the Russian fauna is formed by the species and genera of the three largest flea families: Hystrichopsyllidae, Ceratophyllidae, and Leptopsyllidae. The family Ceratophyllidae has the greatest number of genera in the Russian fauna, and Hystrichopsyllidae, the greatest number of species. Western (Western and Western-Central Palaearctic; 84 species from 41 genera of 7 families) and Eastern (Central-Eastern and Eastern Palaearctic; 78 species from 42 genera of 6 families) species are nearly equally represented in the Russian fauna.     

The Palaearctic centers of taxonomic diversity of fleas (Siphonaptera)

The Palaearctic flea fauna includes 921 species and 479 subspecies from 96 genera of 10 families. Of them, 858 species (94%) from 43 genera are endemic to the Palaearctic; they comprise 40% of the Palaearctic Hystrichopsyllidae, 24% of Ceratophyllidae, and 20% of Leptopsyllidae. Ranges of 581 species (63% of the Palaearctic fauna) are situated within one province or subregion of the Palaearctic. Species with ranges including a part of Asia (592) comprise 87% of the total fauna; 72% of the species (517) are endemic to the Palaearctic. The largest centers of taxonomic diversity of Palaearctic fleas are situated in the East Asian, Central Asian, and Turano-Iranian Subregions: 320 species of fleas (214 of them endemic) from 59 genera (8 endemic) are known from the East Asian Subregion; 270 species (over 120 endemic) from 54 genera (5 endemic) are distributed in the Central Asian Subregion. The Turano-Iranian fauna comprises 213 species (103 endemic) from 47 genera (3 endemic); about 160 species occur in the Turanian Subprovince closest to the Russian borders, one-third of them (52 species, or 33%) are endemic; 69 species more are endemic to the entire Asian part of the Palaearctic. Extra-Asian and extra-Siberian ranges are known in 190 flea species. In the western Palaearctic, 76 species are endemic to the European Province, and 57 species, to the Mediterranean Province; 36 species have Euro-Mediterranean distribution. The fauna of the Saharo-Arabian Subregion comprises 30 species (12 endemic), 6 species have ranges of the Mediterranean-Saharo-Arabian type. Scenarios of the origin of the Siphonaptera at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary are hypothesized. Formation of the Palaearctic flea fauna was mostly supported by the Asian-Indo-Malayan and East Asian-Western American palaeofaunal centers of taxonomic diversity. The long history of faunal exchange between the east Palaearctic and the west Nearctic is manifested by the distribution of the parasites of rodents and insectivores, fleas of the genera Stenoponia, Rhadinopsylla, Nearctopsylla, and Catallagia, belonging to several subfamilies of the Hystrichopsyllidae, as well as members of a number of other flea families. A great number of endemic species in the genera Palaeopsylla and Ctenophthalmus (Hystrichopsyllidae), both in the European and Asian parts of the Palaearctic, can be explained by the junction of the European and Asian continental platforms in the late Cretaceous and their subsequent isolation during the Paleocene. A considerable contribution to the flea fauna in the Russian territory was made by the East Asian-Nearctic center of taxonomic diversity, with a smaller role of the European palaeofauna. Immigration of species of the family Pulicidae from the Afrotropical Region is restricted to the southern territories of Russia.     

Specific features of taxonomic organization of cyanobacterial–algal flora in extreme habitats as reflection of different sucfcession models

We have revealed 75 species (78 species and intraspecies taxa) of algae and cyanobacteria that first colonized the substrates in different regions of Russia (Yano-Oimyakon Upland in the eastern part of Asian Russia and Western Siberia). An analysis of the data shows that the development of substrates (rocks and sandy ground) differs. They may be considered specific natural models of the development of autogenic lithoand psammosuccessions.     

中国优茧蜂亚科研究概况及已知种名录（膜翅目：茧蜂科）

本文对我国优茧蜂亚科Ｅｕｐｈｏｒｉｎａｅ（除悬茧峰属Ｍｅｔｅｏｒｕｓ Ｈａｌｉｄａｙ以外）的分类研究情况作了总结,并列出我国已知种名录（２６属１５４种）。     

黑龙江省野生维管植物名录

黑龙江省位于中国的东北端, 省下辖区划分复杂而繁多, 植被可分为3大区域: 寒温带针叶林区域、温带针阔混交林区域、温带草原区域。本名录主要参考《中国生物物种名录(2021版)》《东北植物志》《东北植物检索表》《黑龙江省植物志》《黑龙江省树木志》《东北植物分布图集》《东北草本植物志》等著作、近年来发表的论文和来自国家标本资源共享平台（NSII）、全球生物多样性信息网络(GBIF)、东北林业大学植物标本室(NEFI)、东北农业大学生命科学学院植物标本室(NEAU)、中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所东北生物标本馆(IFP)的标本资料以及最近发表的文献资料。由于“无分布”比“有分布”的信息相对较难确定, 我们在整理数据时, 轻易不删除重要著作中已经有收录的物种, 除非有较可信的证据, 这可能使得本数据集的物种数量稍偏多。本名录中物种分布精确到县级, 共收录黑龙江省野生维管植物132科651属2,276种(亚种、变种), 有凭证标本的本土植物2,122种(亚种、变种), 广泛入侵的44种, 无凭证标本但是有较可靠资料的154种。其中石松类2科6属17种, 蕨类植物16科34属81种, 裸子植物3科6属20种, 被子植物111科605属2,158种。收录国家级重点保护植物22科25属39种。黑龙江野生维管植物中, 菊科(67属258种)、禾本科(61属187种)、莎草科(14属174种)、毛茛科(18属124种)和蔷薇科(24属112种)所含种数较多。统计发现, 黑龙江省物种县域分布差异较大, 131个县级行政单位中, 物种数超过1,000的约占1/6, 且县级分布数据严重不均衡。本名录中, 省级名录的可信度相对较高, 县级分布数据质量还需要大大提升。