青霉素对西葫芦种子萌发和幼苗生长及下胚轴插条生根的影响（简报）

青霉素可提高西葫芦种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数以及幼苗长度,浓度为200～300mg@L-1时促进作用最大.100～1000mg@L-1的青霉素可促进下胚轴插条生根,增加根数和根鲜重,但对茎伸长无明显影响.     

蔬菜吸收不同形态外源碘的动力学特性

采用水培法,研究了两种蔬菜(小白菜和芹菜)对两种不同形态碘源(I-,IO-3)的吸收和积累特性.结果表明:供试蔬菜吸收碘的速率表现为在短时间(＜60 min)内迅速增加,随着时间的延长蔬菜对碘的吸收速率逐渐下降;在低浓度范围内(0.01～0.50 mg/L)蔬菜对IO-3的吸收速率与碘浓度变化曲线符合饱和吸收动力学特征(表现为遵循酶学方程),进一步研究表明,解偶联剂2,4-二硝基苯酚(DNP)对低浓度(＜0.50 mg/L)下蔬菜IO-3吸收速率具有明显的抑制作用,说明两种蔬菜对低浓度的IO-3可能存在主动吸收,而在高浓度范围内(0.50～10.0 mg/L),蔬菜对碘的吸收速率随着碘浓度的提高呈现直线上升的趋势.两种蔬菜相比,在同样条件下芹菜对碘的吸收速率明显大于小白菜.蔬菜可食部分中碘的含量随着碘浓度的提高而增加,在一次加碘条件下表现为先增加后降低的趋势,而在持续加碘条件下蔬菜中碘的含量在整个处理期间表现为不断增加; Cl-的添加对低浓度下蔬菜碘的吸收具有明显的抑制作用,而随着碘浓度的提高Cl-的抑制作用逐渐减弱.供试蔬菜对碘的富集系数随碘浓度的提高而降低,碘在蔬菜不同器官的分配次序表现为根＞叶＞茎.     

N—（1—萘乙酰基）—N′—（4—氨替吡啉基）硫脲对萝卜中可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响（简报）

萝卜苗期喷洒不同浓度(1、10、50 mg@L-1)的N-(1-萘乙酰基)-N′-(4-氨替吡啉基)硫脲(NAT)后,萝卜肉质根中可溶性蛋白含量及超氧化物歧化酶活性增加,过氧化物酶活性下降.     

利用吞豆根尖细胞微核技术检测Cu,As污染的诱变性

应用蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术检测Cu、As及其复合污染的诱变性能,计数了蚕豆根尖细胞微核千分率(MCN‰)和污染指数(PI)并进行了F检验.结果表明,在一定浓度范围内(Cu＜200mg@L,As＜15mg@L-1),随着Cu、As浓度的增加,MCN‰上升;24个试验处理组PI均在2以上,各处理组MCN‰有显著差异,和对照组有极显著差异(a＜0,01),表明Cu、As及其复合处理对蚕豆根尖细胞的分裂活动有明显影响.     

密云水库集水区人工油松水源保护林降水化学性质研揪

对北京密云水库集水区人工油松水源保护林降水化学性质研究表明.在研究区大气降水化学元素含量在观测时段内变幅较大;测定时段内各元素加权平均值之和为12.001mg@L-1.大气降水中各元素含量按大小排序为Ca＞N＞K＞Mg＞Na＞P＞Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn;大气降水经过林冠层后,林内穿透降水和树干茎流中各化学元素含量变化不一,但多数元素含量增加且总量呈增加趋势,林内穿透降水化学元素加权平均值之和为20.614mg@L-1,树干茎流为73.324mg@L-1,比林外降水分别高出8.613mg@L-1和61.323mg@L-1,引起树干茎流和穿透降水中化学元素总量增加的主要原因是K含量增加所致,K在林内穿透降水和树干茎流中的含量约是大气降水含量的3倍和25倍.     

甲状腺、胰岛、垂体

甲状腺人体最大的内分泌腺,左右各一叶,腺体重约20—40克.主要分泌甲状腺素和三碘甲状腺氨酸. 甲状腺含碘约5—7毫克,占全身总碘量的90％.正常人每天从食物中摄取约150—500微克的碘,其中1/3为甲状腺所摄取,2/3由肾脏排出体外.有人估计,人体每天合成80微克左右甲状腺激素,每周需供应约1毫克的碘,每年需碘约35—50毫克. 甲状腺具有很强的选择性摄取、浓缩、转运碘的能力.正常甲状腺中与血浆中含碘浓度之比为25—50:1,即浓缩25—50倍.当腺体受刺激时,其浓缩能力可高达350倍. 甲状腺素能加速体内大多数细胞的氧化率、增加产热、使基础代谢率增高.据估计,1毫克甲状腺素可使产热增加1,000千卡,相当于250克葡萄糖或110克脂肪所产生的热量. 胰岛胰岛是胰脏的内分泌组织,正常成人的胰脏约有25万—175万个胰岛(有的书上估计约200万个胰岛)、约占胰腺总体积的1—2％.人胰腺的每克组织约含有1—2单位的胰岛素.正常人每天可分泌25—50单位胰岛素人血.成人空腹血浆胰岛素的浓度为10—20微单位/毫升(一个微单位是百万分之一单位). 胰岛素是调节糖、蛋白质和脂肪代谢,维持血糖于正常水平的主要激素.它可促进葡萄糖透过细胞膜进入细胞,正常人血糖浓度在80—     

下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴在冷暴露长爪沙鼠产热中的作用

为探讨冷暴露小哺乳动物褐色脂肪组织(BAT)产热的调节机理,在已有的冷暴露长爪沙鼠(Meri-ones unguiculatus)BAT产热变化研究的基础上,测定了急性(1 d)及长期(3周)冷暴露[(4±1)℃]雄性长爪沙鼠下丘脑和正中隆起中促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)含量、血清甲状腺激素(T3、T4)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度以及BAT中T45'脱碘酶活性的变化.与常温对照组相比,冷暴露1 d长爪沙鼠下丘脑TIRH含量减少,正中隆起TRH含量、血清T3和NE浓度以及BAT中T4 5'脱碘酶活性均增加,血清T4浓度降低;冷暴露3周后,下丘脑TRH含量回升到接近对照组水平,正中隆起TRH含量、血清T3浓度、BAT中T4 5'脱碘酶活性均在冷暴露1d的基础上进一步增加,血清T4浓度进一步降低,血清NE浓度维持在冷暴露1 d的高水平.结果分析推测,冷暴露激活了长爪沙鼠下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺(HPT)轴激素的合成和分泌,并激活了外周交感神经系统,导致产热增加.     

几种蔬菜对外源碘的吸收与积累特性

在盆栽条件下研究了小白菜、芹菜、辣椒和萝卜4种蔬菜对2种外源碘(海藻固体碘肥和KI)的吸收与积累特性.结果表明:蔬菜体内的碘含量均随外源碘浓度的提高而逐渐增加;不同蔬菜种类对碘的吸收与积累能力存在较大差异,叶菜类的小白菜对碘的积累能力最强,其次为茎菜类的芹菜,而根菜类的萝卜和果菜类的辣椒吸收与积累碘的能力较弱;碘在蔬菜体内的分布一般为根>叶>茎>果实,但萝卜地下块根的碘含量低于地上部分.低浓度碘处理(0～25mg.kg-1)对蔬菜生长没有明显的影响,但高浓度的外源碘(≥50mg.kg-1)对蔬菜生长有抑制作用,导致蔬菜生物量减少.不同蔬菜对碘的敏感反应表现为辣椒>小白菜>芹菜>萝卜.与海藻固体碘肥相比,KI处理的第1茬蔬菜生物量下降明显(P<0.05),而2种外源碘对第2茬蔬菜的生长均无显著影响.蔬菜对2种外源碘的吸收和积累效果同样存在很大差异(P<0.05),第1茬蔬菜对KI的吸收能力强于海藻碘肥(P<0.05),第2茬蔬菜对KI的吸收量迅速下降,而对海藻固体碘肥的吸收下降不明显,说明海藻固体碘肥比KI具有更长的持效性.     

铜胁迫对国槐幼苗生长及叶片生理特性的影响

采用盆栽方法研究了不同浓度处理水平的铜对国槐(Sophora japonica)生长及叶片部分生理指标的影响.结果表明:国槐幼苗的株高及地径随铜胁迫浓度的增加表现出先增加后下降的趋势,在浓度1000 mg·kg^-1时,株高和地径与对照相比达到极显著差异(检验水平,P<0.01).在浓度<500 mg·kg^-1时,叶绿素含量的呈下降趋势,细胞膜透性呈增加趋势,与对照相比差异不显著;脯氨酸含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性迅速上升,与对照处理相比差异显著,表现出一定的适应能力.随着铜胁迫浓度的增加(>500 mg·kg^-1),叶绿素含量及SOD活性显著下降,MDA含量、相对电导率、脯氨酸含量显著上升,表明国槐幼苗受害明显加重.     

植物生长调节剂对油菜下胚轴生长及脱分化的影响（简报）

BAP和ZT可以防止油菜下胚轴的徒长.欲从萌发油菜种子得到无菌苗时可以加入0.5mg@L-1的BAP,如要用下胚轴诱导愈伤组织则宜采用1mg@L-1以上的BAP.发芽培养基中植物生长调节剂组成对下胚轴切段的脱分化能力无明显影响,但用含NAA的发芽培养基得到下胚轴切段的愈伤组织产生的根毛较多.愈伤组织诱导培养基中植物生长调节剂对下胚轴切段脱分化,以0.5mg@L-1BAP+1mg@L-1NAA+0.25mg@L-12,4-D诱导愈伤组织的作用最好,诱导率达100%,愈伤组织块大,且无根毛产生.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.