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1.
Cédric Mariac Nora Scarcelli Juliette Pouzadou Adeline Barnaud Claire Billot Adama Faye Ayite Kougbeadjo Vincent Maillol Guillaume Martin François Sabot Sylvain Santoni Yves Vigouroux Thomas L. P. Couvreur 《Molecular ecology resources》2014,14(6):1103-1113
Biodiversity, phylogeography and population genetic studies will be revolutionized by access to large data sets thanks to next‐generation sequencing methods. In this study, we develop an easy and cost‐effective protocol for in‐solution enrichment hybridization capture of complete chloroplast genomes applicable at deep‐multiplexed levels. The protocol uses cheap in‐house species‐specific probes developed via long‐range PCR of the entire chloroplast. Barcoded libraries are constructed, and in‐solution enrichment of the chloroplasts is carried out using the probes. This protocol was tested and validated on six economically important West African crop species, namely African rice, pearl millet, three African yam species and fonio. For pearl millet, we also demonstrate the effectiveness of this protocol to retrieve 95% of the sequence of the whole chloroplast on 95 multiplexed individuals in a single MiSeq run at a success rate of 95%. This new protocol allows whole chloroplast genomes to be retrieved at a modest cost and will allow unprecedented resolution for closely related species in phylogeography studies using plastomes. 相似文献
2.
Frédéric Mahé Jordan Mayor John Bunge Jingyun Chi Tobias Siemensmeyer Thorsten Stoeck Benjamin Wahl Tobias Paprotka Sabine Filker Micah Dunthorn 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》2015,62(3):338-345
High‐throughput sequencing platforms are continuing to increase resulting read lengths, which is allowing for a deeper and more accurate depiction of environmental microbial diversity. With the nascent Reagent Kit v3, Illumina MiSeq now has the ability to sequence the eukaryotic hyper‐variable V4 region of the SSU‐rDNA locus with paired‐end reads. Using DNA collected from soils with analyses of strictly‐ and nearly identical amplicons, here we ask how the new Illumina MiSeq data compares with what we can obtain with Roche/454 GS FLX with regard to quantity and quality, presence and absence, and abundance perspectives. We show that there is an easy qualitative transition from the Roche/454 to the Illumina MiSeq platforms. The ease of this transition is more nuanced quantitatively for low‐abundant amplicons, although estimates of abundances are known to also vary within platforms. 相似文献
3.
Disentangling the ecological factors that contribute to the assembly of the microbial symbiont communities within eukaryotic hosts is an ongoing challenge. Broadly speaking, symbiont propagules arrive either from external sources in the environment or from internal sources within the same host individual. To understand the relative importance of these propagule sources to symbiont community assembly, we characterized symbiotic fungal endophyte communities within the roots of three species of beachgrass in a field experiment. We manipulated two aspects of the external environment, successional habitat and physical disturbance. To determine the role of internal sources of propagules for endophyte community assembly, we used beachgrass individuals with different pre‐existing endophyte communities. Endophyte species richness and community composition were characterized using culture‐based and next‐generation sequencing approaches. Our results showed that external propagule sources associated with successional habitat, but not disturbance, were particularly important for colonization of most endophytic taxa. In contrast, internal propagule sources played a minor role for most endophytic taxa but were important for colonization by the dominant taxon Microdochium bolleyi. Our findings highlight the power of manipulative field experiments to link symbiont community assembly to its underlying ecological processes, and to ultimately improve predictions of symbiont community assembly across environments. 相似文献
4.
【目的】以甘肃省河西走廊地区的9个盐碱土壤样品(原生盐碱土、次生盐碱土、农田土)为材料,研究该地区盐碱土壤中微生物群落的多样性。【方法】提取土壤微生物总DNA,应用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术进行分析。【结果】从分布在河西走廊3个流域的9个盐碱土样品中共获得325 089条微生物的16S r RNA基因序列。冗余分析和热图分析表明,原生盐碱土与次生盐碱土、原生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落构成差异较大,次生盐碱土与农田土微生物群落差异较小。土壤p H对微生物群落组成的影响最显著。多样性指数和稀释性曲线分析得出,在9个土壤样品中,S6号Shannon指数最大,S1号Shannon指数最小,S1号Simpson指数最大,S6号Simpson指数最小,说明原生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最低,次生盐碱土的微生物群落多样性最高。盐碱土壤中主要的微生物群落包括9个门,其中变形菌门占主导地位,其余依次是放线菌门、拟杆菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门和疣微菌门。原生盐碱土和农田土中占优势的微生物群落是变形菌门,次生盐碱土中占优势的微生物群落是放线菌门。【结论】河西走廊地区盐碱土壤中微生物多样性非常丰富,存在大量的微生物类群,尤其是在次生盐碱土壤中。 相似文献
5.
Juan Ding Xiao Ma Liping Han Xianlan Zhao Ang Li Qi Xin Weining Lian Zhen Li Hongyan Ren Zhigang Ren 《Bioscience reports》2021,41(4)
Neonatal jaundice is a common disease that affects up to 60% of newborns. Herein, we performed a comparative analysis of the gut microbiome in neonatal jaundice and non-neonatal jaundice infants (NJIs) and identified gut microbial alterations in neonatal jaundice pre- and post-treatment. We prospectively collected 232 fecal samples from 51 infants at five time points (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months). Finally, 114 samples from 6 NJIs and 19 non-NJI completed MiSeq sequencing and analysis. We characterized the gut microbiome and identified microbial differences and gene functions. Meconium microbial diversity from NJI was decreased compared with that from non-NJI. The genus Gemella was decreased in NJI versus non-NJI. Eleven predicted microbial functions, including fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase III and pyruvate carboxylase subunit B, decreased, while three functions, including acetyl-CoA acyltransferase, increased in NJI. After treatments, the microbial community presented significant alteration-based β diversity. The phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were increased, while Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria were decreased. Microbial alterations were also analyzed between 6 recovered NJI and 19 non-NJI. The gut microbiota was unique in the meconium microbiome from NJI, implying that early gut microbiome intervention could be promising for the management of neonatal jaundice. Alterations of gut microbiota from NJI can be of great value to bolster evidence-based prevention against ‘bacterial dysbiosis’. 相似文献
6.
【目的】了解羊肚菌白霉病发生对土壤真菌群落结构的影响。【方法】采用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术,对未栽培羊肚菌土壤、正常生长羊肚菌和染白霉病羊肚菌根际土真菌群落结构进行研究。【结果】9个样品共得到393 347条有效序列。未栽培羊肚菌土壤真菌多样性指数和丰度显著大于羊肚菌根际土,染病羊肚菌根际真菌丰度和多样性大于正常生长的羊肚菌,各样品的群落组成和优势类群有较大差异。【结论】羊肚菌栽培后真菌多样性降低,白霉病发生后根际真菌种类增多,土壤真菌群落结构发生变化,优势真菌类群也产生了较大变化。 相似文献
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【目的】以新疆乌苏泥火山土壤为研究对象,了解泥火山细菌群落结构及其时空动态变化。【方法】选择泥火山4种不同生境土壤在4、7、11月份采样,应用Illumina Mi Seq测序技术测定泥火山土壤细菌的16S r RNA基因V3–V4变异区序列,分析乌苏泥火山不同生境土壤细菌群落组成。【结果】泥火山土壤细菌在97%的相似水平下共得到OTU个数为29 005,在细菌门水平上共有38种细菌类群,Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes为优势菌群,在属水平上共有72种细菌类群,其中含量最高的是未分类细菌;多样性分析表明生境D的丰度指数和多样性指数最高,将泥火山细菌群落多样性与理化因子结合分析,发现其多样性随着土壤养分的增加而基本降低,说明物种多样性指数与理化因子之间呈负相关关系;OTU水平的分析表明生境A的群落组成在时空动态上没有显著差异,其样品群落组成较为相似,而生境C的物种组成差异较大。【结论】相比较于传统方法,Mi Seq测序能够更全面解析环境样品中微生物多样性,揭示了乌苏泥火山群蕴含着丰富的微生物资源,这将为深入研究泥火山生态系统奠定基础,为合理利用和开发泥火山微生物资源提供指导。 相似文献
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目的 对襄阳地区青年人肠道菌群多样性进行研究。方法 选取湖北襄阳地区6名健康青年人的粪便样品作为研究对象,采用MiSeq高通量测序技术以16S rRNA为靶点,对其肠道菌群构成进行研究。结果 6名青年人肠道中发现了13个优势核心属,其相对含量累计为70.72%,发现10个相对含量大于1.0%的分类操作单元,累计相对含量为28.43%。结论 6名襄阳青年志愿者肠道微生物共有大量的核心菌群。 相似文献
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Losses of proteolytic peptides during extraction and/or purification procedures succeeding in-gel or in-solution digests of proteins frequently occur in the course of protein identification investigations. In order to overcome this disadvantage, the method of in-capillary digest was developed: native proteins were incubated in the presence of endoproteases in the electrospray capillary and the resulting peptides were analyzed by nanoelectrospray-mass spectrometry during the ongoing proteolysis. In-capillary digest of apomyglobin by use of trypsin in a molar ratio of 25:1 yielded complete degradation already after 15 min. The sequence coverage based on formation of molecular ions was 100% and peptide ions could be fragmented by collision-induced dissociation and sequenced. When myoglobin was incubated in the electrospray capillary with trypsin in a molar ratio of 500:1, a clear shift from molecular ions and miscleaved peptide ions to the expected final tryptic peptide ions was observed over a 2 h period. The peptide spectra obtained from tryptic in-capillary proteolysis of bovine serum albumin and apotransferrin, respectively, gave rise to sequence coverages of more than 40% for both proteins. The data obtained from the peptide maps as well as from collision-induced dissociation (CID) of selected peptides were more than sufficient for protein identification by database searches. An elephant milk protein preparation was used to demonstrate the application of in-capillary proteolysis on protein mixtures. Tryptic digest, simultaneous analysis of the proteolytic peptides by use of CID, and subsequent sequencing allowed the identification of lactoferrin, alphas1-casein, beta-casein, delta-casein, and kappa-casein by homology search. 相似文献
10.
中国典型特大城市交通的生态足迹评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国城市化快速发展带来机动车数量的骤增、交通拥堵、交通污染物排放及能源消耗恶化等城市生态问题,生态足迹可以作为衡量城市交通发展带来生态环境压力的有效指标。本文以北京、上海、天津、杭州、沈阳和成都6个特大城市为研究对象,计算了2005—2012年6个城市的交通生态足迹。结果表明:6个城市交通的生态足迹均有所增加,城市交通的生态环境压力逐年增加,化石能源间接生态足迹在城市交通生态足迹增长中起到主要作用;快速增长的机动车和小汽车及其高出行率导致能源消耗不断增加,是城市交通生态足迹增长的主要原因;完善的轨道交通及慢行交通等绿色出行的发展,可以有效降低特大城市自驾出行的次数,优化交通出行结构,缓解城市交通生态环境压力。 相似文献
11.
【背景】高通量测序技术已经广泛应用于环境微生物研究的各个领域。不同原理的测序平台以及众多生物公司的出现为各个科研团队提供了各具特色的测序技术支持,在满足了不同研究需要的同时,也产生了多种多样的测序数据。这些基于不同测序平台,以及同一测序平台下不同测序公司所产生的数据之间是否具有通用性,一直以来都是广大科研学者所关注的。【目的】探究同一样品在基于MiSeq测序平台下,不同测序环境以及不同测序深度对实验数据的影响,并进一步探究造成差异的原因,以及这些差异对实验结果的影响。【方法】从鄱阳湖松门山、南矶山、饶河、白沙洲采集底泥沉积物样品,分别在2个公司进行不同测序深度16SrRNA基因V3-V4区高通量测序,并比较分析2组测序数据。【结果】2组数据反映的微生物群落结构在实验样地间的分布规律具有高度的相似性,但稀有微生物的差异导致他们在PCoA以及聚类分析中被分为两簇。关系网络关联分析发现具有较高测序深度的B组数据反映了更为复杂的微生物间相互作用,部分稀有微生物如Deferribacteres(脱铁杆菌门)、Lentisphaerae (黏胶球形菌门)等在群落中发挥着重要的作用。METAGENassist功能预测发现了他们在Atrazine metabolism、Chitin degradation、Sulfate reducer、Nitrogen fixation等14类功能上存在差异。【结论】不同的测序环境对实验数据造成的影响可以通过数据质控过程减弱甚至排除,而测序深度的不同则会对测序数据产生显著影响。这种影响主要体现在较深的测序深度会显著增加稀有微生物的丰富度,进而有利于增强我们对环境微生物群落整体功能的认识。 相似文献
12.
目的 对凤窝酒曲细菌多样性进行研究。方法 选取孝感地区3个凤窝酒曲作为研究对象,采用MiSeq高通量测序技术以16S rRNA为靶点,对其细菌菌群构成进行研究。结果 3个凤窝酒曲中发现9个优势核心属,其相对含量累计为78.15%,发现10个相对含量大于1.0%的分类操作单元,累计相对含量为60.62%。结论 3个凤窝酒曲共有大量的核心细菌菌群。 相似文献
13.
Sarah M. Emery Matthew L. Reid Lukas Bell‐Dereske Katherine L. Gross 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2017,9(11):1644-1656
The mandate by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to increase renewable fuel production in the USA has resulted in extensive research into the sustainability of perennial bioenergy crops such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus (Miscanthus× giganteus). Perennial grassland crops have been shown to support greater aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem function than annual crops. However, management considerations, such as what crop to plant or whether to use fertilizer, may alter belowground diversity and ecosystem functioning associated with these grasslands as well. In this study, we compared crop type (switchgrass or miscanthus) and nitrogen fertilization effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) and soil nematode abundance, activity, and diversity in a long‐term experiment. We quantified AMF root colonization, AMF extra‐radical hyphal length, soil glomalin concentrations, AMF richness and diversity, plant‐parasitic nematode abundance, and nematode family richness and diversity in each treatment. Mycorrhizal activity and diversity were higher with switchgrass than with miscanthus, leading to higher potential soil carbon contributions via increased hyphal growth and glomalin production. Plant‐parasitic nematode (PPN) abundance was 2.3 × higher in miscanthus plots compared to switchgrass, mostly due to increases in dagger nematodes (Xiphinema). The higher PPN abundance in miscanthus may be a consequence of lower AMF in this species, as AMF can provide protection against PPN through a variety of mechanisms. Nitrogen fertilization had minor negative effects on AMF and nematode diversity associated with these crops. Overall, we found that crop type and fertilizer application associated with perennial bioenergy cropping systems can have detectable effects on the diversity and composition of soil communities, which may have important consequences for the ecosystem services provided by these systems. 相似文献
14.
Christine Gaylarde Jose Antônio Baptista-Neto Akiko Ogawa Matthew Kowalski Sukriye Celikkol-Aydin Iwona Beech 《Biofouling》2017,33(2):113-127
Weathering of two church facades in Rio de Janeiro was caused substantially by salts, mainly halite and gypsum, detected by SEM and chemical analyses, which cause physical stresses by deposition within the rock. Biofilm populations, determined by SEM and as operational taxonomic units (OTUs), degraded stone by penetration, solubilization and redeposition of minerals on their surfaces. Endolithic cyanobacteria were associated with gypsum deposits. Microbiomes were typical for high-stress environments, high salt, intense insolation, low water and low nutrients (eg halophilic Rubrobacter, Salinicola, Sterigmatomyces). The main colonizers on the church most affected by traffic (Nossa Senhora da Candelária – CA) were Actinobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria (chiefly Pseudomonas) were predominant on the site situated in a leafy square (São Francisco de Paula – SF). Major Gammaproteobacteria on CA were halophilic Halomonas and Rhodobacteriaceae. Fungal OTUs on both churches were principally dimorphic, yeast-like basidiomycetes. Many OTUs of thermophilic microorganisms (eg the Thermomicrobia class, Chloroflexi) were present. This is the first use of next generation sequencing (NGS) to study microbial biofilm interactions with metamorphic and granite buildings in an intensely urban, sub-tropical climate. 相似文献
15.
Yang Shao Min Zhang Ying Xu Yong‐Qing Zhu Takahiro Yonezawa Yu‐Guo Wang Zhi‐Ping Song Wen‐Ju Zhang 《植物分类学报:英文版》2018,56(3):250-258
16.
【目的】探究棕榈科种子内生细菌群落组成及其随物种的差异。【方法】运用MiSeq高通量方法测定蒲葵、棕榈、加拿利海枣、山棕、软叶刺葵、短穗鱼尾葵及三药槟榔7种棕榈科种子内生细菌群落16S rRNA基因V3–V4区序列并进行生物信息学分析。【结果】7种测试种子中获得的V3–V4区有效序列数在2341–40671条之间,聚成97–590个操作分类单元(OTU),Shannon指数计算为1.35–2.94,以加拿利海枣种子最高,山棕种子最低;种群归类结果显示不同种子中测得的各级细菌分类阶层总数及组成不同,总丰度以厚壁菌门的肠球菌属最高,同为厚壁菌门的芽孢杆菌属次之;属级水平上,第一优势细菌属分别为:蒲葵种子(芽孢杆菌属,45.8%),棕榈种子(肠球菌属,51.2%),山棕种子(肠球菌属,12.1%),短穗鱼尾葵种子(肠球菌属,32.6%),三药槟榔种子(肠球菌属,42.9%),软叶刺葵种子(肠球菌属,28.3%),加拿利海枣种子(糖多孢菌属,31.2%)。各种子中次优势细菌属分别为:蒲葵种子(乳球菌属),棕榈、山棕及三药槟榔种子(类芽孢杆菌属),加拿利海枣种子(戈登氏菌属),软叶刺葵和短穗鱼尾葵种子(鞘脂单胞菌属);PICRUST基因预测显示各种子均包含多个与人体器官及人类疾病相关的KEGG功能模块。此外,各种子中均产生了丰度较高的外源物质降解、萜和聚酮合成、多糖合成等有益功能信息。【结论】棕榈科植物种子内生细菌群落多样性较为丰富,群落组成随物种不同而异。各种子内生细菌群体中普遍含多个与人和动物体相关的种群和功能信息,也定殖多种具有益功能性状的细菌类群,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
17.
The antifouling (AF) properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod coated glass substrata were investigated in an out-door mesocosm experiment under natural sunlight (14:10 light: dark photoperiod) over a period of five days. The total bacterial density (a six-fold reduction) and viability (a three-fold reduction) was significantly reduced by nanocoatings in the presence of sunlight. In the absence of sunlight, coated and control substrata were colonized equally by bacteria. MiSeq Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed distinct bacterial communities on the nanocoated and control substrata in the presence and absence of light. Diatom communities also varied on nanocoated substrata in the presence and the absence of light. The observed AF activity of the ZnO nanocoatings is attributed to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through photocatalysis in the presence of sunlight. These nanocoatings are a significant step towards the production of an environmentally friendly AF coating that utilizes a sustainable supply of sunlight. 相似文献
18.
【背景】酵母菌是葡萄酒发酵过程中一类非常重要的微生物,其多样性及群体组成对葡萄酒的质量有重要贡献。影响葡萄酒中酵母菌组成的因素有很多,但目前尚未见葡萄园田管理对葡萄酒酵母菌群落结构影响方面的报道。【目的】探索田间施药对自然发酵葡萄酒酵母菌群落结构的影响。【方法】采用分离培养、常规分子生物学鉴定和Illumina MiSeq宏基因组测序结合的方法分析不同样品中的酵母菌群落结构情况。【结果】从不使用内吸收型化学农药的葡萄样品自然发酵液中分离鉴定出Pichia、Hanseniaspora、Schizosaccharomyces、Candida、Saccharomyces、Zygoascus、Issatchenkia等7个属8个种的酵母菌,宏基因组测序结果表明有Pichia(29.42%)、Saccharomyces(21.91%)、Issatchenkia(17.99%)、 Hanseniaspora(12.10%)、 Candida(7.47%)、 Zygosaccharomyces(5.32%)、Schizosaccharomyces (3.07%)、Aureobasidium (0.29%)等属的酵母菌参与发酵;使用常规化学农药的葡萄样品自然发酵液中分离鉴定出Pichia、Hanseniaspora、Schizosaccharomyces、Candida、Cryptococcus等5个属6个种的酵母菌,宏基因组测序结果表明有Pichia (41.66%)、Hanseniaspora (21.54%)、Candida(19.11%)、 Zygosaccharomyces(7.78%)、 Schizosaccharomyces(4.04%)、 Cryptococcus(3.21%)、Saccharomyces (1.12%)、Aureobasidium (0.49%)等属的酵母菌参与发酵。【结论】两样品中酵母菌比例有显著差异,表明在酿酒葡萄的园田管理中化学农药的使用对自然发酵葡萄酒的酵母菌群落结构有较大影响。 相似文献
19.
对典型垃圾填埋覆盖土进行CH4原位富集和三氯乙烯(TCE)驯化,研究了其生物氧化能力和微生物群落结构变化.覆盖土CH4氧化速率为0.20~0.87 μmol·g-1 soil·h-1,TCE降解速率为0.009~0.013 mg·L-1·h-1,其中山东垃圾填埋场覆盖土土样甲烷氧化活性高于广东、上海和重庆地区土样.通过Illumina MiSeq测序技术分析了α多样性和驯化前后微生物菌群结构变化规律.结果表明: 在所有被注释的操作分类单元聚类结果中,细菌OTUs分配为39个门,85个纲,562个属,富集驯化后变形杆菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门仍为各土样的优势菌群,所占比例之和高于77.4%;γ-变形杆菌纲、β--变形杆菌纲、α-变形杆菌纲、放线菌纲和酸杆菌纲所占比例之和高于26.5%.嗜甲基菌属、厌氧绳菌属、节杆菌属和假单胞菌属经TCE驯化后,其相对丰度呈增加趋势.表明在覆盖土氯代烃生物降解过程中,除了被广泛认可的甲烷氧化菌异养共代谢机制以外,还存在非甲烷共代谢机制和氯代烃自养降解机制. 相似文献