Prolactin response to sulpiride in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Blood glucose, insulin and prolactin concentrations were determined before and after sulpiride injection (50 mg i.m.) in 20 non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (10 with retinopathy and 10 without evidence of retinal damage) and 10 subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Prolactin response to sulpiride was significantly higher in diabetics than in controls (at 20 min., p less than 0.01; at 30 and 60 min., p less than 0.005; at 90 min., p less than 0.01; at 120 min., p less than 0.05). The sulpiride induced hyperprolactinemia did not influence blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in controls as well as in diabetic patients. Prolactin response to sulpiride was the same in diabetics with and in those without retinal changes. We conclude that acute hyperprolactinemia seems to have no influence on glucose homeostasis in normal and non insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.     

Serum luteinizing hormone follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin in neonatal-androgenized rats.

Serum levels of LH, FSH, Prolactin and Testosterone of 90 days old male rats androgenized soon after birth were determined by specific radioimmunoassay and were compared to untreated rats. LH and FSH levels were also determined in 90 days old female rats neo-natally treated with testosterone and compared with normal diestrus rats. Androgenization of male rats significantly increased serum FSH and Prolactin levels without producing changes in plasma LH and testosterone concentrations. Similar increase in the FSH levels were found in androgenized female rats although plasma FSH concentrations were lower than in the male groups. These results obtained in male rats give an additional evidence that androgens acting in the first days of life are responsible of the higher levels of FSH and Prolactin that characterize the male or tonic pattern of gonadotrophin secretion.     

Prolactin concentrations in follicular fluid following ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization

Prolactin (PRL) and sex steroid concentrations were measured in follicular fluids of women treated either with (1) clomiphene/hCG or with (2) clomiphene + hMG/hCG. Method 1 of ovarian stimulation resulted in lower follicular PRL and higher oestradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations than method 2. There was no difference in the PRL and sex steroid concentrations of follicles with fertilized and of those yielding unfertilized ova, but in both stimulation types, follicles from which no oocytes were obtained had high PRL and low E2 and P levels. Significant positive correlations were evident for PRL and T and E2 and P, respectively, while PRL and P were negatively correlated.     

The pineal gland and breast cancer: serum levels of melatonin in patients with mammary tumors and their relation to clinical characteristics

Several studies have suggested that the pineal gland hormone melatonin may influence the growth of breast cancer. The importance of melatonin blood concentrations in the clinical history of human breast cancer, however, has still to be defined. To further investigate this problem, we used a RIA method to assay serum levels of the pineal hormone in 74 untreated breast cancer patients, clinical stage T1-3 NO-2 MO, and in 46 age-matched healthy women as controls. Mean serum melatonin levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Melatonin concentrations were highest in breast cancer patients with the best prognosis (i.e. estrogen receptor-positive/node-negative cases). Mean levels of melatonin were significantly higher in estrogen receptor-positive patients than in the negative ones. They were also higher in node-negative than in node-positive cases, and in progesterone receptor-positive patients than negative ones, but none of these differences was statistically significant. No difference was observed in relation to menopausal status and to tumor histotype. These results suggest that melatonin plays a role in the hormone-dependency of human breast cancer.     

Physiological and pharmacological variations in rabbit prolactin plasma levels

By using a specific homologous double-antibody RIA, physiological and pharmacological variation in prolactin plasma levels were studied in the rabbit. The study of plasma levels during 24 h period demonstrated the presence of a rhythmic secretion of prolactin with higher values between 15.00 and 19.00 h. Prolactin plasma levels were low in neonatal rabbits and increased gradually with the age of the animals. In adult rabbits a significant higher prolactin plasma concentration was found in female animals. Blood levels fluctuate during the first half of pregnancy but the mean levels were higher than those found during the second half of gestation. A remarkable increase of plasma levels was observed 24 h before parturition and during lactation. Plasma prolactin concentrations increased after injection of both chlorpromazine and sulpiride. The hyperprolactinaemic effect of sulpiride was abolished by bromocriptine.     

Prolactin secretion in a brood parasite, the brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater

Blood samples were collected from a free-living population of male and female brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater , during the breeding season and plasma levels of prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay. Prolactin concentrations in both sexes increased significantly in mid to late May; peak levels were reached by June and were maintained throughout June and into July. Prolactin levels in juveniles were significantly lower than in adults but were still elevated. Prolactin has been implicated in parental care in several avian species; however, cowbirds are brood parasites with complete absence of parental behaviour, suggesting that prolactin must function in another capacity in cowbirds, or that cowbirds have developed target tissue insensitivity to this hormone.     

High YKL-40 Serum Concentration Is Correlated with Prognosis of Chinese Patients with Breast Cancer

This study aimed to investigate the association between serum YKL-40 and prognosis of breast cancer in a Chinese population. Expression of YKL-40 of 120 Chinese patients with breast cancer and 30 controls (benign breast lesions) was measured in tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry and in serum by ELISA. Differences in YKL-40 positivity grouped by specific patients’ characteristics were compared using Pearson Chi-square test for rates of intratumoral staining, one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc comparison, or two-sample t-test for mean YKL-40 serum concentrations. Factors associated with overall survival were identified by univariate and multivariate cox-regression analyses. YKL-40 was elevated in approximately 75% of Chinese patients with breast cancer. A significantly higher percentage of patients with YKL-40 positive tumors had larger tumor size, higher TNM stage, and/or lymph node metastasis. Significantly higher mean YKL-40 serum concentrations were observed in patient subgroups with invasive lobular carcinoma (P<0.0167), higher TNM stage (P<0.001), and positive lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). The estimated mean survival time of patients with YKL-40 positive tumors was significantly shorter than for patients with YKL-40 negative tumors (55.13 months vs 65.78 months, P = 0.017). Multivariable Cox-regression analysis identified a significant association of overall survival time with YKL-40 serum concentration. Patients with YKL-40 positive tumors had significantly shorter disease free survival times than those with YKL-40 negative tumors. We propose that the potential utility of YKL-40 intratumoral staining or serum concentration as a biomarker for breast cancer is greatest within 5 years of diagnosis.     

Effects of Selenium Sources and Levels on Reproductive Performance and Selenium Retention in Broiler Breeder, Egg, Developing Embryo, and 1-Day-Old Chick

An 8-week experiment was conducted using 540 48-week-old Lingnan Yellow broiler breeders to evaluate the effect of the sources and levels of selenium (Se) on reproduction and Se retention. After receiving basal diet for 8?weeks, breeders were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments and fed corn-soy-based diets supplemented with 0.15 or 0.30?mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite (SS) or from Se-enriched yeast (SY) or from selenomethionine (SM). The Se concentration of basal diet was 0.04?mg/kg of Se. With the increase of dietary Se level, hatchability decreased (P?相似文献   

Early evening prolactin rise in women with regular cycles

Prolactin concentrations were measured in hourly integrated blood samples collected over 24 h in normally cyclic women during the follicular (N = 8) and the luteal (N = 7) phases of the menstrual cycle. Prolactin concentrations were increased during the evening in all the subjects when compared with the rest of the day-time wake-period. This rise was unrelated to sleep, and peak concentrations were seen at 20:00 h. During the luteal phase the magnitude of this evening rise of prolactin was significantly greater (P less than 0.02 at 19:00 h and P less than 0.001 at 20:00 h) when compared with the follicular phase, and was only slightly smaller than the magnitude of the sleep-induced prolactin rise. It is therefore suggested that there may be an intrinsic rhythm in prolactin secretion apart from the sleep-induced rise.     

老年乳腺癌患者的临床病理特点及其辅助治疗模式的研究

目的:探讨老年乳腺癌患者的临床病理特点及其辅助治疗模式,为老年乳腺癌患者的临床治疗提供参考。方法:选取2008年1月-2012年1月期间我院收治的50例老年乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,同时选取同期收治的50例中青年乳腺癌患者,比较两组患者的临床病理特征,并采用新辅助内分泌疗法治疗本组50例老年乳腺癌患者,治疗4个月后观察治疗效果。结果:老年乳腺癌患者的病灶5cm比例以及ER和PR阳性率均明显高于中青年患者,两组患者数据比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);老年乳腺癌患者的淋巴结转移率、Ki67阳性率以及HER-2阳性率均低于中青年患者,两组患者数据比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);本组50例老年乳腺癌患者治疗总有疗效为82.0%,ER、PR均为阳性患者的治疗有效率为90.0%,明显高于ER和PR非双阳性患者(76.9%,57.1%),数据比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);TNM I期患者的治疗有效率为93.8%,明显高于TNM II期(76.9%)或TNM III期患者(20.0%),数据比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者在治疗期间均未出现严重不良反应。结论:老年乳腺癌患者的生物学行为较好,病灶大、淋巴转移率低以及ER和PR阳性率高;新辅助内分泌治疗老年乳腺癌患者,尤其对ER、PR均为阳性以及TNM分期低的患者临床效果安全有效,不良反应发生率低,值得临床推广应用。     

Tumor necrosis factor in solid tumors: increased blood levels in the metastatic disease.

TNF, a cytokine produced by macrophages, is able either to exert an antitumor activity, or to determine severe clinical complications, such as cachexia and septic shock. Increased blood levels of TNF have been described in cancer patients. The present study was performed to better define TNF secretion in patients with solid tumors. The study included 48 cancer patients (lung cancer: 22; colon cancer: 11; breast cancer: 10; renal cancer: 5), and among them 27 showed distant organ metastases. TNF serum levels were measured by IRMA method. The control group comprised 40 healthy subjects. TNF levels were also evaluated in relation to those of SIL-2R, whose increase seems to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis in cancer. High levels of TNF were seen in 27/48 (56%) patients. Mean levels of TNF were significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls. Moreover, within the cancer group, TNF mean values were significantly higher in metastatic patients than in those without metastases; the highest levels were observed in patients with visceral lesions as dominant metastasis sites. Finally, patients with high TNF concentrations showed significantly higher mean levels of SIL-2R than those with normal values. This study shows that the neoplastic metastatic disease is associated with an exaggerated TNF secretion.     

肿瘤标志物联合检测在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的：探讨肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）、糖链抗原15-3（CA15-3）联合检测在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用价值。方法：检测87例乳腺癌患者,55例乳腺良性肿瘤患者和35例健康人血清中CEA、CA19-9、CA153等肿瘤标志物的水平及3种标志物不同组合对乳腺癌的阳性检出率。结果：乳腺癌患者3种肿瘤标志物显著高于正常对照组及乳腺良性肿瘤组（P〈0.01）。3项标志物不同组合对不同分期乳腺癌检出的敏感性均高于单项标志物。其中CEA＋CA199＋CA153组合的检出敏感性较其他组合均高,特别是对早期患者检出率明显提高。结论：CEA＋CA199＋CA153联合检测能提高乳腺癌的早期诊断率。     

Parathyroid hormone related protein and hypercalcaemia in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE--To see whether parathyroid hormone related protein has a humoral role in breast cancer. DESIGN--Plasma concentrations and tumour expression of parathyroid hormone related protein were determined (by two site immunoradiometric assay and immunohistochemistry respectively) in women with breast cancer and related to the presence of bone metastases and serum calcium concentrations. SUBJECTS--Plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone related protein were measured in 57 women with early breast cancer without apparent bone metastases, 28 women with bone metastases, and 13 women with bone metastases and hypercalcaemia. Tissue positivity for parathyroid hormone related protein was determined retrospectively in 106 primary breast tumours from women without apparent bone metastases and 72 tumours from women with bone metastases, 25 of whom subsequently developed hypercalcaemia. RESULTS--Plasma parathyroid hormone related protein concentrations were detectable (greater than 0.23 pmol/l) in 12 (92%) of the 13 hypercalcaemic patients with bone metastases compared with 10 (36%) of the 28 normocalcaemic patients with bone metastases and five (9%) of the 57 normocalcaemic patients without bone metastases. Parathyroid hormone related protein concentrations were significantly higher in hypercalcaemic than normocalcaemic patients with bone metastases. Tumour staining was positive for parathyroid hormone related protein in 22 (88%) of the 25 primary breast cancers from patients with bone metastases. Tumour staining was positive for parathyroid hormone related protein in 22 (88%) of the 25 primary breast cancers from patients with bone metastases who later developed hypercalcaemia compared with 25 (53%) of the 47 from women in this group who remained normocalcaemic and 55 (52%) of the 106 early breast cancers from women without known metastases. CONCLUSION--Tumour derived parathyroid hormone related protein may have an important humoral role in hypercalcaemia associated with metastatic breast cancer.     

肿瘤标志物联合检测在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的:探讨肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖链抗原15-3(CA15-3)联合检测在乳腺癌早期诊断中的应用价值。方法:检测87例乳腺癌患者,55例乳腺良性肿瘤患者和35例健康人血清中CEA、CA19-9、CA153等肿瘤标志物的水平及3种标志物不同组合对乳腺癌的阳性检出率。结果:乳腺癌患者3种肿瘤标志物显著高于正常对照组及乳腺良性肿瘤组(P<0.01)。3项标志物不同组合对不同分期乳腺癌检出的敏感性均高于单项标志物。其中CEA+CA199+CA153组合的检出敏感性较其他组合均高,特别是对早期患者检出率明显提高。结论:CEA+CA199+CA153联合检测能提高乳腺癌的早期诊断率。     

SDF-1 在乳腺癌患者血清中表达水平及临床意义

目的:分析SDF-1在乳腺癌患者外周血中的表达水平,探讨其临床意义。方法:Elisa法检测乳腺癌患者术前及术后血清SDF-1水平,分析其与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系。结果:乳腺癌患者术前(69例)血清SDF-1水平明显高于正常对照组(20例)(6406.7±1302.5 pg/m L vs 5217.4±1225.7 pg/m L),有明显统计学差异(P<0.01),发生远处转移的乳腺癌患者(11例)血清SDF-1水平明显高于未发生转移者(58例)(7656.4±784.1 pg/m L vs 6169.7±1364.6 pg/m L),差异具有明显统计学意义(P<0.01)。ER及Her-2表达阳性乳腺癌的患者SDF-1水平较ER及Her-2表达阴性者低,差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:SDF-1可能是预测乳腺癌发生及远处转移的重要标志物。     

Significance of pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) in patients with breast, gastric and colorectal cancer

Pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) levels were measured in human sera by a modification of Laurell's electroimmunoassay using rabbit anti-alpha 2-PAG serum. Sera were obtained from healthy controls (32 males and 46 females), patients with benign breast diseases (55 cases), and patients with breast (82 cases), gastric (89 cases), or colorectal (22 cases) cancers. In healthy controls, the mean alpha 2-PAG value for females was higher than that for males (p less than 0.05), so alpha 2-PAG values for males and females were considered separately in this study. Serum alpha 2-PAG levels in patients with benign breast tumors were almost the same as those of controls. In patients with primary breast and gastric cancer, alpha 2-PAG levels were higher than those of controls (p less than 0.005) and tended to increase with progress of the disease. Raised alpha 2-PAG levels decreased in these patients after curative surgery. These results show that serum alpha 2-PAG is useful as a marker in both the initial diagnosis and follow-up of breast and gastric cancer. The reliability of alpha 2-PAG as a tumor-associated marker was reinforced by comparison of the positive rates of the three parameters alpha 2-PAG, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) in patients with breast and gastric cancer.     

Cytokine pattern of the breast tumor supernatant

Cytokine production was evaluated in supernatants of cultured tumor cells that were obtained by biopsy of the breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and breast fibroadenoma (FA) and grown in vitro. In the IDC supernatants, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory (pro-oncogenic) cytokines IL-17, IL-18, and IFNγ and of IL-1 receptor antagonist were significantly higher than in the FA cell supernatants. The concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and MCP-1 protein in supernatants of IDC cells were significantly lower than those determined in FA supernatants.     

Levels of androgen conjugates and oestrone sulphate in patients with breast cysts

Plasma and cyst fluid were obtained from patients with palpable breast cysts and analysed for androgen conjugates and oestrone sulphate content by radioimmunoassay. Concentrations of androgen conjugates in cyst fluids varied from 15.6 to 475.5 mumols/l. These levels were much greater than those in plasma (1.3-5.2 mumols/l) and there was no association between values in cyst aspirates and plasmas obtained from the same individuals. Levels of oestrone sulphate in breast cyst fluids (1.5-744.0 nmol/l) were also generally in excess of those in plasma (2.0-59.9 nmol/l) and again no relationship was evident between concentrations in cyst fluid and the circulation. Neither was there a relationship between levels of androgen conjugate and oestrone sulphate in plasma. In contrast, a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.001) was identified between the androgen conjugate and oestrone sulphate content of cyst fluids. Levels of both androgen conjugates and oestrone sulphate were also significantly different in groups of cysts subdivided according to electrolyte classification, cysts with low Na+:K+ ratios having higher steroid concentrations than those with high Na+:K+ ratios. The biological significance of the relationship between the two conjugates in cyst fluids remains unclear but it is suggested that the accumulation of these steroids involves a common mechanism.     

Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Hair of Stage III Breast Cancer Patients

This prospective study was designed to compare the hair levels of 36 elements in 52 patients with stage III breast cancer to those of an equal number of healthy individuals. Principal component and cluster analysis were used for source of identification and apportionment of heavy metals and trace elements in these two groups. A higher average level of iron was found in samples from patients while controls had higher levels of calcium. Both patients and controls had elevated levels of tin, magnesium, zinc, and sodium. Almost all element values in cancer patients showed higher dispersion and asymmetry than in healthy controls. Between the two groups, there were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of silver, arsenic, gold, boron, barium, beryllium, calcium, cadmium, cerium, cobalt, cesium, gadolinium, manganese, nickel, lead, antimony, scandium, selenium, and zinc (p?相似文献   

广州黄埔区夜鹭和池鹭体内汞浓度和分布特性

1　引　　言许多研究表明,汞是能在食物链中富集的重金属[2].汞对鸟类的危害受到广泛的关注,Sundlof等[12]学者指出,全球涉禽种群减少的部分原因可能是汞中毒.鸟类从食物中摄取的汞在体内组织中富集.在鸟的生长过程中,体内富集的汞释放入羽毛中,鸟类通过定期的换羽把汞排出体外.汞进入羽毛后牢固地与羽毛中的角蛋白结合,其生理和化学过程比较稳定,所以汞在羽毛中的浓度最高.有研究表明,博氏鸥(Larusphiladelphia)成鸟体内93%的汞存留在羽毛中,黑鸢(Milvusmigrans)体内70%的汞在羽毛中[1,9].羽毛中汞的浓度与鸟体内组织中汞浓度相关[4].其…