腐食性金龟甲成虫口器形态学研究(鞘翅目:金龟总科)

选取粪金龟、皮金龟、蜉金龟、驼金龟、金龟和红金龟6个腐食性金龟科中的6个代表种,解剖口器并描述各部分形态特征和绘图;在比较形态学研究基础上,对金龟甲口器各部分的形态变化及其与食性的关系进行了初步推断。     

松嫩草地牛粪中大型节肢动物种类组成及种群动态变化

研究并分析了松嫩草地牛粪中大型节肢动物种类组成及动态变化.结果表明,在草地牛粪中共调查到大型节肢动物7目20科43种,以鞘翅目、膜翅目和双翅目为主.依其食性不同,分为粪食性型(8科19种)、腐食性型(4科4种)、植食性型(4科6种)、捕食性型(5科11种)、杂食性型(2科5种)、尸食性型(1科1种)和寄生性型(1科1种).根据鞘翅目金龟总科中营粪食性型生活的粪甲虫对牛粪利用方式的不同,分为外生粪甲虫(6种)、内生粪甲虫(5种)、远生粪甲虫(2种)和偷窃寄生粪甲虫(1种).除了双顶嗡蜣螂,牛粪中大型节肢动物数量与鲜牛粪重量具有显著正相关关系(p＜0.01).粪食性型种类数和个体数量随鲜牛粪堆置时间的延长而迅速减少,7d后消失,其个体总数量与鲜牛粪堆积时间呈显著的负相关关系(p＜0.01),而与牛粪含水量呈显著正相关关系(p＜0.01),各种大型节肢动物因其食性不同在鲜牛粪中占据不同的生态位.鲜牛粪中大型节肢动物以粪食性型占绝对优势,而干牛粪中则以捕食性型和杂食性型为主.牛粪中大型节肢动物种群季节动态变化受温度、降水量与牛粪含水量影响,鲜牛粪中大型节肢动物优势种为直蜉金龟(69.25%)和肖秋家蝇与东方角蝇幼虫(25.12%).4、5、6月份和9月份,优势种为直蜉金龟,7月和8月份,优势种为蝇幼虫.     

微红梢斑螟生殖系统及卵巢发育特征研究

【目的】研究了微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella Hampson的生殖系统及不同发育阶段卵巢的形态结构,揭示交配过程中雌、雄外生殖器的匹配机制,为该虫生殖生物学及性信息素的研究提供依据。【方法】通过解剖及扫描电镜观察,描述内、外生殖器以及雌蛾卵巢发育特征。【结果】与其他斑螟亚科种类生殖系统比较,微红梢斑螟生殖系统主要具有以下形态特点:(1)微红梢斑螟雌蛾的交配囊片特别发达,导精管从交配囊体的侧腹面发出,导精管内无导精管球;(2)雌蛾腺体环状,位于第8~9腹节节间膜处,雄蛾具有发达的味刷构造,由6对重叠的鳞片刷组成;(3)雌蛾交配囊管表面的棘刺与雄蛾内阳茎外表面的阳茎针在分布位置和方向互补,具有高度匹配的关系。微红梢斑螟雌蛾卵巢发育进度可分为5级,2日龄后雌蛾卵巢饱满,发育良好;4日龄后卵巢衰退。【结论】(1)雄蛾发达的味刷及外生殖器的高度匹配关系提示其复杂的求偶行为和交配模式,加之成虫期较短,可能成虫为单次交配。(2)雌虫羽化后卵巢基本成熟,补充营养似乎并非卵巢发育的必要条件。     

吉林四平地区六个蝗虫优势种卵巢发育的季节动态

通过对吉林省四平地区6个蝗虫优势种绿牧草蝗Omocestuaviridulus(L.),黄胫小车蝗OedaleusinfernalisSauss,素色异爪蝗Euchorthippusunicolor(Ikonn.),条纹异爪蝗E.vittatusZheng,异翅负蝗AtractomorphaheteropteraB.Bienko和长翅素木蝗Shirakacrisshirakii(I.Bol.)的野外养殖,从成虫出现到死亡对6个蝗虫优势种卵巢季节动态变化进行了观察和测量研究。结果表明,(1)不同发育历期成虫体长变化差异不显著,而卵巢形态和体积变化差异显著;(2)卵巢发育具有明显的种间差异;(3)卵巢发育速度呈现先慢后快的增长模式;(4)6个蝗虫优势种卵巢发育符合5个发育级别的划分标准。     

数学形态学在昆虫分类学上的应用研究.Ⅲ.在科阶元上的应用研究

在科分类阶元上对半翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目8个科的23种昆虫图像中提取的昆虫面积、周长等11项数学形态特征进行了统计分析。结果表明,在科的阶元上11项特征可靠性大小依次为(似圆度、偏心率)>(面积、周长、横轴长、球状性)>(纵轴长、圆形性)>(形状参数、叶状性)>亮斑数。从数学形态学角度出发,夜蛾科等3个科的亲缘关系远近为夜蛾科与粉蝶科>大蚕蛾科与粉蝶科>夜蛾科与大蚕蛾科;鳃金龟等3科的亲缘关系远近为鳃金龟科与天牛科、丽金龟科与天牛科>鳃金龟科与丽金龟科。     

吉林省丽金龟科(昆虫纲:鞘翅目)昆虫物种多样性

为了解吉林省丽金龟科Rutelidae昆虫物种多样性以及其在不同农业昆虫地理区域之间差异,2010-2012年连续三年对吉林省5个亚区38个取样地点进行了调查。共采集到丽金龟科昆虫标本2913号,隶属6属13种,其中多色异丽金龟Anomala chamaeleon(56.7%)、黄褐异丽金龟Anomala exoleta(16.2%)和中华弧丽金龟Popillia quadriguttat(12.0%)是优势物种。吉林省不同地理区域丽金龟科昆虫物种组成和多样性差异明显,吉东南区(A区)优势种是多色异丽金龟,吉中西区(B区)优势种是黄褐异丽金龟和中华弧丽金龟;吉林省中部的A3亚区和B1亚区的多样性指数、均匀度指数较高;吉林省最西部B2亚区的多样性指数、均匀度指数、物种丰富度指数最低,优势度指数最高。相似性分析结果表明,A区中3个亚区之间相似性系数较高,而A区各亚区和B区各亚区间相似系数较低。     

Application of gene sequences to the molecular systematics of the Scarabaeoidea

基因序列分析是揭示金龟总科系统发育关系的重要工具.统计了应用于金龟总科中13个科的线粒体和核基因序列,综述了CO Ⅰ、16S rRNA、28S rRNA、18S rRNA等基因序列在金龟总科分子系统学研究的10新进展,探讨了不同基因序列在分类鉴定、隐存种发现、系统发育关系重建等方面的作用,对未来研究趋势进行了展望,为进一步阐明金龟总科系统发育机制奠定基础.     

缠绕蚊蝎蛉雌性生殖系统构造及卵子发生

雌性生殖系统构造及卵子发生过程在探讨昆虫系统发育关系中具有重要意义。本文利用半薄切片法解剖观察了缠绕蚊蝎蛉Terrobittacus implicatus (HuangHua,2006)雌性生殖系统的构造及卵子发生过程。结果表明,缠绕蚊蝎蛉雌虫的卵巢由7根多滋式卵巢管组成,各个卵巢管的大小和长度不同。每个卵巢管可分为端丝、生殖区(原卵区)、生长区(卵黄区)和卵巢管柄4个部分。生长区由5到6个线形排列的卵室组成,每个卵室中有1个卵母细胞和3个滋养细胞。卵子发生可以分为3个时期,即卵黄发生前期、卵黄发生期、以及卵壳形成期。在卵子发生的整个过程中,卵母细胞、滋养细胞及滤泡细胞的形态均有明显变化。     

黑皱鳃金龟和爬皱鳃金龟的识别

皱鳃金龟属Trematodes Faldermann是鳃金龟科(Melolonthidae)中比较特殊的一属,以其后翅十分退化,不能飞翔只会爬行为特征。本属迄今已记有三个种:黑皱鳃金龟T.tenebrioides(Pallas)、爬皱鳃金龟T.potanini Sem.和大皱鳃金龟T.grandis Sem.。它们主要分布在土质沙性、相当瘠薄的地点。其中黑皱鳃金龟与爬皱鳃金龟分布较广,为我国     

粘虫生殖的研究——Ⅲ.生殖系统的发育

根据粘虫生殖系统发育过程中的形态变化来区分雌蛾的日龄,是较为可靠和方便的方法。我们从前蛹期开始,研究粘虫雌雄两性生殖系统发育的形态发生过程,在25℃恒温条件下,粘虫雌雄两性内生殖系统的分化在蛹期第五天基本上完成。而生殖细胞发育成熟的时期则雌雄各不相同,雄性精子在成虫羽化时便已发育完成,雌性卵子必须在成虫羽化取食补充营养后方能发育成熟。我俩将粘虫雌蛾卵巢的发育分为4个时期:即(1)乳白透明期,(2)卵黄沉积期,(3)成熟期,(4)产卵后期。卵巢的发育情况可以作为鉴别雌蛾日龄的标准之一。雄性粘虫的睾丸在蛹期有合并现象,井由于排精体积逐渐缩小。由于羽化后雄蛾的生殖系统外形上无特别明显的变化,所见较难判断它的日龄。最后比较了卵粒的发育成熟与咽侧体活动以及飞翔、交配、产卵等的关系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.