番茄果重数量性状基因的研究进展及在遗传学教学中的应用

遗传学发展史上一系列经典的研究案例对学科的发展起了巨大的推动作用,将这些经典案例与教学内容相结合应用到遗传学课程教学中,对学生的科学思维和遗传分析能力是一个很好的训练。番茄果重基因的定位与克隆在数量性状基因座研究中是开创性的工作,完整的体现了植物数量性状基因的研究历程。将其作为一个综合案例应用于遗传学教学,可以生动直观地给学生展示一个精彩的科学发现过程,展现遗传学研究的魅力,激发学生的学习兴趣,收到了很好的教学效果。     

基因组学思维

组学时代的到来,改变了我们对生命的看法,同时也迅速推进了生命科学的发展。随着模式生物基因组全序列测定的完成,基因组学由结构基因组学发展到了功能基因组学,成为当今最活跃的前沿学科。思维在基因组学发展过程中起着至关重要的作用,形成一种新的思维模式,即基因组学思维。同时降维思维在基因组学思维中的应用使得基因组学的测序与研究更加高效有序。     

后基因组时代微生物遗传学教学的探讨

对后基因组时代"微生物遗传学"课程教学进行探讨。提出以故事化课堂和形象化讲解增加学生的学习乐趣。为了更好地帮助学生理解后基因组学方法,将后基因组学与微生物遗传学融合教学(包括正向遗传学方法与快速正向遗传学方法、单基因敲除和表型分析与全基因组规模基因敲除和表型分析、传统的遗传相互作用与全基因组的遗传相互作用融合讲授)。此外,生物信息学网络资源的介绍延伸了课堂教学并提高了课堂教学质量。     

遗传学教学中需要两个注重

根据遗传学发展趋势和遗传学学科性质,提出在遗传学教学中应注重分子遗传学、经典遗传学和群体遗传学的整合及实验观念的渗透。     

《基因组学与应用生物学》征订启事

《基因组学与应用生物学》是由广西大学主管和主办,公开发行的双月刊科学期刊。《基因组学与应用生物学》主要刊登现代生物技术的前沿学科和基础学科如基因组学、分子细胞遗传学、生化与分子生物学     

生态基因组学研究进展

生态基因组学是一个整合生态学、分子遗传学和进化基因组学的新兴交叉学科。生态基因组学将基因组学的研究手段和方法引入生态学领域,通过将群体基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学等手段与方法将个体、种群及群落、生态系统不同层次的生态学相互作用整合起来,确定在生态学响应及相互作用中具有重要意义的关键的基因和遗传途径,阐明这些基因及遗传途径变异的程度及其生态和进化后果的特征,从基因水平探索有机体响应天然环境(包括生物与非生物的环境因子)的遗传学机制。生态基因组学的研究对象可以分为模式生物与非模式生物两大类。拟南芥、酿酒酵母等模式生物在生态基因组学领域发挥了重要作用。随着越来越多基因组学技术的开发与完善,越来越多的非模式生物生态基因组学的研究将为生态学的发展提供重要的理论与实践依据。生态基因组学最核心的方法包括寻找序列变异、研究基因差异表达和分析基因功能等方法。生态基因组学已广泛渗透到生态学的相关领域中,将会在生物对环境的响应、物种间的相互作用、进化生态学、全球变化生态学、入侵生态学、群落生态学等研究领域发挥更大的作用。     

化学遗传学在功能基因组学研究中的应用

功能基因组学的研究重心是在整体水平上对细胞内蛋白质的组成及其活动规律进行研究,化学遗传学利用小分子化合物系统地探测生命过程的机制和蛋白质功能,为功能基因组学的研究提供了有力的工具。该文综述了化学遗传学在功能基因组学研究中的最新进展。     

《基因组学与应用生物学》征订启事

<正>《基因组学与应用生物学》是由广西大学主管和主办,公开发行的双月刊科学期刊。《基因组学与应用生物学》主要刊登现代生物技术的前沿学科和基础学科如基因组学、分子细胞遗传学、生化与分子生物学、     

《基因组学与应用生物学》征订启事

<正>《基因组学与应用生物学》是由广西大学主管和主办,公开发行的双月刊科学期刊。《基因组学与应用生物学》主要刊登现代生物技术的前沿学科和基础学科如基因组学、分子细胞遗传学、生化与分子生物学、     

《基因组学与应用生物学》征订启事

《基因组学与应用生物学》是由广西大学主管和主办,公开发行的双月刊科学期刊。《基因组学与应用生物学》主要刊登现代生物技术的前沿学科和基础学科如基因组学、分子细胞遗传学、生化与分子生物学和应用生物学等相关的原始研究成果。刊登植物、     

Conservation genetics and genomics of threatened vertebrates in China

Conservation genetics and genomics are two independent disciplines that focus on using new techniques in genetics and genomics to solve problems in conservation biology. During the past two decades, conservation genetics and genomics have experienced rapid progress. Here, we summarize the research advances in the conservation genetics and genomics of threatened vertebrates (e.g., carnivorans, primates, ungulates, cetaceans, avians, amphibians and reptiles) in China. First, we introduce the concepts of conservation genetics and genomics and their development. Second, we review the recent advances in conservation genetics research, including noninvasive genetics and landscape genetics. Third, we summarize the progress in conservation genomics research, which mainly focuses on resolving genetic problems relevant to conservation such as genetic diversity, genetic structure, demographic history, and genomic evolution and adaptation. Finally, we discuss the future directions of conservation genetics and genomics.     

Anticipation of Personal Genomics Data Enhances Interest and Learning Environment in Genomics and Molecular Biology Undergraduate Courses

An important discussion at colleges is centered on determining more effective models for teaching undergraduates. As personalized genomics has become more common, we hypothesized it could be a valuable tool to make science education more hands on, personal, and engaging for college undergraduates. We hypothesized that providing students with personal genome testing kits would enhance the learning experience of students in two undergraduate courses at Brigham Young University: Advanced Molecular Biology and Genomics. These courses have an emphasis on personal genomics the last two weeks of the semester. Students taking these courses were given the option to receive personal genomics kits in 2014, whereas in 2015 they were not. Students sent their personal genomics samples in on their own and received the data after the course ended. We surveyed students in these courses before and after the two-week emphasis on personal genomics to collect data on whether anticipation of obtaining their own personal genomic data impacted undergraduate student learning. We also tested to see if specific personal genomic assignments improved the learning experience by analyzing the data from the undergraduate students who completed both the pre- and post-course surveys. Anticipation of personal genomic data significantly enhanced student interest and the learning environment based on the time students spent researching personal genomic material and their self-reported attitudes compared to those who did not anticipate getting their own data. Personal genomics homework assignments significantly enhanced the undergraduate student interest and learning based on the same criteria and a personal genomics quiz. We found that for the undergraduate students in both molecular biology and genomics courses, incorporation of personal genomic testing can be an effective educational tool in undergraduate science education.     

Landscape and ecological genomics

Landscape genomics is the modern version of landscape genetics, a discipline that arose approximately 10 years ago as a combination of population genetics, landscape ecology, and spatial statistics. It studies the effects of landscape variables on gene flow and other microevolutionary processes that determine genetic connectivity and variations in populations. In contrast to population genetics, it operates at the level of individual specimens rather than at the level of population samples. Another important difference between landscape genetics and genomics and population genetics is that, in the former, the analysis of gene flow and local adaptations takes quantitative account of landforms and features of the matrix, i.e., hostile spaces that separate species habitats. Landscape genomics is a part of population ecogenomics, which, along with community genomics, is a major part of ecological genomics. One of the principal purposes of landscape genomics is the identification and differentiation of various genome-wide and locus-specific effects. The approaches and computation tools developed for combined analysis of genomic and landscape variables make it possible to detect adaptation-related genome fragments, which facilitates the planning of conservation efforts and the prediction of species’ fate in response to expected changes in the environment.     

How science will help us move forward in 2021

In 2021, the genetics and genomics community needs to communicate to policymakers how the field of human genetics and genomics is transforming biomedical research and medicine, including its essential role in combatting COVID-19. This is important for ensuring that policies enable a thriving scientific enterprise and provide resources for research advances.

In 2021, the genetics and genomics community needs to communicate to policymakers how the field of human genetics and genomics is transforming biomedical research and medicine, including its essential role in combatting COVID-19. This is important for ensuring that policies enable a thriving scientific enterprise and provide resources for research advances.     

Exploring the post-genomic world: differing explanatory and manipulatory functions of post-genomic sciences

Richard Lewontin proposed that the ability of a scientific field to create a narrative for public understanding garners it social relevance. This article applies Lewontin's conceptual framework of the functions of science (manipulatory and explanatory) to compare and explain the current differences in perceived societal relevance of genetics/genomics and proteomics. We provide three examples to illustrate the social relevance and strong cultural narrative of genetics/genomics for which no counterpart exists for proteomics. We argue that the major difference between genetics/genomics and proteomics is that genomics has a strong explanatory function, due to the strong cultural narrative of heredity. Based on qualitative interviews and observations of proteomics conferences, we suggest that the nature of proteins, lack of public understanding, and theoretical complexity exacerbates this difference for proteomics. Lewontin's framework suggests that social scientists may find that omics sciences affect social relations in different ways than past analyses of genetics.     

Development and evaluation of a genetics literacy assessment instrument for undergraduates

There is continued emphasis on increasing and improving genetics education for grades K-12, for medical professionals, and for the general public. Another critical audience is undergraduate students in introductory biology and genetics courses. To improve the learning of genetics, there is a need to first assess students' understanding of genetics concepts and their level of genetics literacy (i.e., genetics knowledge as it relates to, and affects, their lives). We have developed and evaluated a new instrument to assess the genetics literacy of undergraduate students taking introductory biology or genetics courses. The Genetics Literacy Assessment Instrument is a 31-item multiple-choice test that addresses 17 concepts identified as central to genetics literacy. The items were selected and modified on the basis of reviews by 25 genetics professionals and educators. The instrument underwent additional analysis in student focus groups and pilot testing. It has been evaluated using approximately 400 students in eight introductory nonmajor biology and genetics courses. The content validity, discriminant validity, internal reliability, and stability of the instrument have been considered. This project directly enhances genetics education research by providing a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the genetics literacy of undergraduate students.     

The ascidian tadpole larva: comparative molecular development and genomics

Evolution is of interest not only to developmental biology but also to genetics and genomics. We are witnessing a new era in which evolution, development, genetics and genomics are merging to form a new discipline, a good example of which is the study of the origin and evolution of the chordates. Recent studies on the formation of the notochord and the dorsal neural tube in the increasingly famous Ciona intestinalis tadpole larva, and the availability of its draft genome, show how the combination of comparative molecular development and evolutionary genomics might help us to better understand our chordate ancestor.     

Current Status of Genetics and Genomics of Reared Penaeid Shrimp: Information Relevant to Access and Benefit Sharing

At present, research and progress in shrimp genomics and genetics show significant developments. Shrimp genetics and genomics also show immense potential for an increased production in a way that meets shrimp culture progress goals for the third millennium. This review article aims to provide an overview of its current status and future direction, discusses questions that need focused research to address them, and summarizes areas where genetics and genomics knowledge can make a positive difference to shrimp culture sustainability. Sustainable progress of penaeid shrimps will depend upon feasible solutions for environmental, research, economic, consumer problems, proper development, and planning policy enforcement. It is recommended that increased funding for biotechnology research and progress be directed to expand worldwide commercial shrimp culture and address environmental and public health issues. For any researcher or shrimp company member who has attempted to or whom would like to thoroughly search the literature to gain a complete understanding of the current state of shrimp genetics and genomics, this publication will be an invaluable source of reference materials, some of which is reported here for the first time.     

Exploring Complex Ornamental Genomes: The Rose as a Model Plant

Despite its high economic importance, little is known about rose genetics, genome structure, and the function of rose genes. Reasons for this lack of information are polyploidy in most cultivars, simple breeding strategies, high turnover rates for cultivars, and little public funding. Molecular and biotechnological tools developed during the genomics era now provide the means to fill this gap. This will be facilitated by a number of model traits as e.g., a small genome, a large genetic diversity including diploid genotypes, a comparatively short generation time and protocols for genetic engineering. A deeper understanding of genetic processes and the structure of the rose genome will serve several purposes: Applications to the breeding process including marker-assisted selection and direct manipulation of relevant traits via genetic engineering will lead to improved cultivars with new combinations of characters. In basic research, unique characters, e.g., the biosynthesis and emission of particular secondary metabolites will provide new information not available in model species. Furthermore comparative genomics will link information about the rose genome to ongoing projects on other rosaceous crops and will add to our knowledge about genome evolution and speciation. This review is intended as a presentation and is the compilation of the current knowledge on rose genetics and genomics, including functional genomics and genetic engineering. Furthermore, it is intended to show ways how knowledge on rose genetics and genomics can be linked to other species in the Rosaceae in order to utilize this information across genera.     

Genetical genomics: the added value from segregation.

The recent successes of genome-wide expression profiling in biology tend to overlook the power of genetics. We here propose a merger of genomics and genetics into 'genetical genomics'. This involves expression profiling and marker-based fingerprinting of each individual of a segregating population, and exploits all the statistical tools used in the analysis of quantitative trait loci. Genetical genomics will combine the power of two different worlds in a way that is likely to become instrumental in the further unravelling of metabolic, regulatory and developmental pathways.