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1.
Plants have mechanisms to promote outbreeding and thereby to increase their genetic diversity. In species that are self-incompatible, self-pollen is rejected by the stigma. This mechanism has been the subject of intense study for many years and, in the past two years, significant progress has been made in identifying the genes involved in Brassica. Self-recognition involves two genes, one of which determines the male and the other the female specificity. Considerable progress has also been made on the mechanism by which self-recognition leads to pollen rejection, although the delineation of all the genes involved is still not complete. 相似文献
2.
Many different genes appear to be involved in the development and function of the mammalian inner ear. Some of the genes involved during early inner ear morphogenesis have been identified using mutations or targetted transgenic interruption, while a handful of genes involved in pigmentation anomalies associated with hearing impairement have been cloned. Several genes involved in syndromic late-onset hearing loss have also been isentified. However, the lajority of cases of hereditary hearing impairement from childhood probably involve genes expressed in the sensory neuroepithelia of the inner ear, and none of the genes or mutations causing this type of deafness have yet been identified. Here, we review the progress that has been made in finding genes for deafness and in using mouse mutants to elucidate the biological basis of the hearing deficit. 相似文献
3.
Martin Madge Sansalone Vittorio Cooper David M. L. Forwood Mark R. Pivonka Peter 《Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology》2019,18(5):1475-1496
Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology - Significant progress has been made to identify the cells and signaling molecules involved in the mechanobiological regulation of bone remodeling. It is... 相似文献
4.
《Trends in biotechnology》2001,19(10):S40-S48
Along with the great strides that have been made towards understanding cancer, has come a realization of the complexity of molecular events that lead to malignancy. Proteomics-based approaches, which enable the quantitative investigation of both cellular protein expression levels and protein–protein interactions involved in signaling networks, promise to define the molecules controlling the processes involved in cancer. 相似文献
5.
Along with the great strides that have been made towards understanding cancer, has come a realization of the complexity of molecular events that lead to malignancy. Proteomics-based approaches, which enable the quantitative investigation of both cellular protein expression levels and protein–protein interactions involved in signaling networks, promise to define the molecules controlling the processes involved in cancer. 相似文献
6.
The recent advances in defining genes involved in shoot epidermal cell differentiation are impressive, especially the characterisation of genes involved in cellular patterning. The additional influences of environment and hormones on cellular patterning have recently been emphasised, and important connections have been made to changes in vegetative and reproductive growth phases. Despite these advances the cellular basis for differentiation remains less well defined, but now genetic and cell biological analysis from yeast may provide important models on which to develop further understanding. 相似文献
7.
Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and its regulation 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
8.
Although much effort has been made to uncover the mechanism underlying double fertilization, little knowledge has been acquired for understanding the molecular base of gamete recognition, mainly because of technical limitations. Still,progress has been made in terms of the mechanism, including the identification of candidate molecules that are involved in gamete recognition in angiosperms. New cues for gamete recognition have been found by the successful separation of the gametes and construction of gamete-specific cDNA libraries in several species, and the application of molecular approaches for studying this process by mutations. Thus, the topic is considered an abstruse but charming mystery. 相似文献
9.
Ebadi M 《Biological signals and receptors》2001,10(1-2):5-13
These special issues of Biological Signals and Receptors are intended to describe mitochondrial DNA damage, oxidative stress and human diseases, including neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases, disorders associated with aging, and ischemia-perfusion injury. Traditionally, mitochondria have been viewed as the 'powerhouse' of the cell, i.e., the site of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Consequently, much of the research conducted on mitochondria over the past 4 decades has focused on elucidating both those molecular events involved in ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation and those involved in the biogenesis of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. While monumental achievements have been made, and continue to be made, in the study of these remarkable but extremely complex processes essential for the life of most animal cells, it has been only in recent years that a large body of biological and biomedical scientists have come to recognize that mitochondria participate in other important processes. Two of these are cell death and aging which, not surprisingly, are related processes both involving, in part, the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. This new awareness has sparked a new and growing area of mitochondrial research that has become of great interest to a wide variety of scientists ranging from those involved in elucidating the role of mitochondria in cell death and aging to those interested in either suppressing or facilitating these processes as it relates to identifying new therapies or drugs for human disease. 相似文献
10.
Function of tetraspan proteins in the myelin sheath 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bronstein JM 《Current opinion in neurobiology》2000,10(5):552-557
During the past few years, significant advances have been made in elucidating the mechanisms by which point mutations and altered gene dosages in tetraspan genes cause neurological disease. In addition, several new myelin tetraspans have been identified that are involved in adhesion, molecular trafficking, growth regulation, and migration of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. 相似文献
11.
The mechanisms governing the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Streptomyces coelicolor have been extensively studied. These Actinomycetales are closely related to the Mycobacterium genus and may therefore serve as a models to elucidate the cascade of nitrogen signalling in other mycobacteria. Some factors involved in nitrogen metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been described, including glutamine synthetase and its adenylyltransferase, but not much data concerning the other components involved in the signalling cascade is available. In this review a comparative study of factors involved in nitrogen metabolism in C. glutamicum and S. coelicolor is made to identify similarities with M. tuberculosis on both a genomic and proteomic level. This may provide insight into a potential global mechanism of nitrogen control in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 相似文献
12.
Summary 1. Granule formation byCandida albicans in the internal organs of experimental animals is described. This appears to be the first time such an observation has been made.2. Ring formation by fungi under different conditions is cited, and although different explanations have been proposed by different authors, the supposition is made that a common growth pattern is involved.Supported in part by a grant from the Eli Lilly Company and partly by an institutional grant from the American Cancer Society. 相似文献
13.
RNA polymerase III transcription 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A P Wolffe 《Current opinion in cell biology》1991,3(3):461-466
14.
《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2009,11(5):620-624
IL-17-producing T cells (Th17) have been identified in mice as a distinct lineage of CD4+ T helper cells. Since their discovery, efforts have been made in characterizing human Th17 cells and the factors involved in their differentiation and in understanding the role these cells play in protective immunity and autoimmune diseases. 相似文献
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16.
Progress has been made in deciphering the mechanisms on Orientia tsutsugamushi-host interaction. The genome sequencing, microarray and proteomic analyses of this ancient bacterium have provided a wealth of new information. This paper reviews the general characteristics of O. tsutsugamushi and recent developments especially in signaling events involved in the bacteria--host interaction. 相似文献
17.
《International journal for parasitology》1987,17(2):679-687
Extensive use has been made of mathematical modelling to examine many of the factors which are involved in the development of pesticide resistance in arthropods. These models have demonstrated that the emergence of resistance can be delayed if more attention is given to planned use of pesticides at the time of their introduction. However the practical application of such delaying strategies at the national or even regional level may be difficult. It is unfortunate that the suggestions made have not been subjected to more extensive testing in the field situation.It is suggested that the contribution of molecular biology to the management of pests and pesticide resistance in arthropod livestock pests will be significant and will be seen in a variety of ways. Very definitely, a greater understanding of the basic molecular processes involved in the development of resistance will be seen. Such work, always in conjunction with the other biological disciplines, will provide new techniques for the control, prediction, detection and prevention of pesticide resistance. A few entirely conjectural examples of the practical application of molecular biology to pesticide resistance and its management have been presented. 相似文献
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19.
Evolutionary expressed sequence tag analysis of Drosophila female reproductive tracts identifies genes subjected to positive selection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Genes whose products are involved in reproduction include some of the fastest-evolving genes found within the genomes of several organisms. Drosophila has long been used to study the function and evolutionary dynamics of genes thought to be involved in sperm competition and sexual conflict, two processes that have been hypothesized to drive the adaptive evolution of reproductive molecules. Several seminal fluid proteins (Acps) made in the Drosophila male reproductive tract show evidence of rapid adaptive evolution. To identify candidate genes in the female reproductive tract that may be involved in female-male interactions and that may thus have been subjected to adaptive evolution, we used an evolutionary bioinformatics approach to analyze sequences from a cDNA library that we have generated from Drosophila female reproductive tracts. We further demonstrate that several of these genes have been subjected to positive selection. Their expression in female reproductive tracts, presence of signal sequences/transmembrane domains, and rapid adaptive evolution indicate that they are prime candidates to encode female reproductive molecules that interact with rapidly evolving male Acps. 相似文献
20.
Genetics and engineering of microbial exopolysaccharides for food: approaches for the production of existing and novel polysaccharides. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
R van Kranenburg I C Boels M Kleerebezem W M de Vos 《Current opinion in biotechnology》1999,10(5):498-504
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are used in the food industry for their unique properties as viscosifiers, stabilisers, emulsifiers or gelling agents. In recent years, significant progress in the understanding of the genetics and biochemistry of microbial EPS synthesis by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria has been made. Biosynthesis pathways have been elucidated, and several of the genes involved have been characterised. This knowledge can now be applied to start EPS engineering or to improve EPS production. 相似文献