云南树Qu肝脏结构的光,电镜观察

本文报告了树Ｑｕ肺脏的一般结构和超微结构。与人和灵长目相似,其肺实质也是由导气部和呼吸部构成。但不同的是其细支气管粘膜形成很高的皱襞。在电镜下Ｃｌａｒａ细胞电子密度高,顶部胞质中含有大量膜包颗粒,这些结构与大白鼠和家兔的结构相似。许多毛细血管外方都包绕状基膜和肺泡Ｉ型上皮细胞的胞质。气血屏障由肺泡上皮细胞、融合的基膜和内皮细胞胞质构成。说明树Ｑｕ肺脏不但是呼吸器官,也是一些激素和介质产生及代谢的重     

锌离子压抑鲫鱼视网膜水平细胞内向整流钾离子通道的模型和机理探究

内向整流钾离子通道(inwardly rectifying potassium channel,Kir)广泛存在于神经元和肌肉细胞中,在维持细胞膜静息电位和传导神经信号中起到了重要作用。有研究显示,Zn2+在特定的pH值条件下可以抑制Kir电流。本文使用NEURON软件对Kir通道介导的电流建模,模拟了Kir的电流-电压关系,提出一组动力学状态转换方程来描述Zn2+对Kir的压抑作用。模型可以较好地描述不同浓度Zn2+对Kir电流的调节情况,提示Zn2+通过结合在Kir上的特定位点产生压抑作用,并且此位点会被H+竞争性结合。     

黑熊肺脏光,电镜观察

本文采用光镜,扫描及透射电镜对成体黑熊肺脏组织进行观察。结果表明：黑熊肺脏和其它哺动物肺脏结构基本相似,亦由支气管各级分支,肺小叶及小叶间结缔组织构成,每个细支气管连同它的各级分支和肺泡组成一个肺小叶,肺泡是支气管树的终末部分,呈多面囊形泡,肺泡壁有Ｉ,ＩＩ两种类型上皮细胞。气－血屏障由肺泡上皮,上皮基膜,内皮基膜和内皮四层结构组成,厚约０．５μｍ。     

GABA对鲫鱼视网膜视锥水平细胞的选择性压抑

本工作应用细胞内记录技术,在灌流的鲫鱼视网膜的标本上,研究了γ－氨基丁酸对视杆水平细胞笔视锥水平细胞的影响。结果表明,在ＧＡＢＡ的作用下,Ｌ型视锥水平细胞暗中膜电位超极化,对光反应减小;ＧＡＢＡＡ受体的特异性拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱在７０％的细胞上能阻断上述ＧＡＢＡ的效应。     

斯氏狸殖吸虫排泄上皮的光镜与电镜观察

斯氏狸殖吸虫排泄囊表面被覆单层上皮,上皮具有多态性,细胞核明显,细胞质内含嗜硷颗粒。扫描电镜观察到上皮表面有丝状物覆盖,其走向不定,相互吻合,成为迷宫式结构。透射电镜下发现丝状物为板层,呈环状,两端与上皮细胞连接,胞质中可见线粒体、内质网等;基底膜形成基底板向上皮内伸入。~(14)C-葡萄糖放射自显影实验示排泄上皮可能有滤过和重吸收作用。     

云南树鼩肝脏结构的光,电镜观察

本文报告了树肺脏的一般结构和超微结构。与人和灵长目相似，其肺实质也是由导气部和呼吸部构成。但不同的是其细支气管粘膜形成很高的皱襞。在电镜下Ｃｌａｒａ细胞电子密度高，顶部胞质中含有大量膜包颗粒，这些结构与大白鼠和家兔的结构相似。许多毛细血管外方都包绕着基膜和肺泡Ⅰ型上皮细胞的胞质。气血屏障由肺泡上皮细胞、融合的基膜和内皮细胞胞质构成。说明树肺脏不但是呼吸器官，也是一些激素和介质产生及代谢的重要器官。本文为研究树的正常生理功能及分类提供形态学资料。     

应用光镜和电镜对病虾组织病理变化的观察与分析

应用光镜和电子显微镜技术比较研究正常与发病的中国对虾７种组织细胞病变化,结果显示,病毒侵染后,对虾组织病理变化主要集中在消化系统的肝胰腺、中肠、胃等组织。在光镜下,可见消化道内壁上皮组织广泛受损,细胞大量坏死或空泡化;电镜下可见主要的细胞器如线粒体嵴大量断裂、粗面内质网严重扩张、溶酶体增生、病变细胞内出现大量变性的膜性结构等。观察结果为弄清对虾病毒引起的病症及致病机理打下基础。     

黑熊脾脏光,电镜观察

对１例成体黑熊脾脏组织结构进行光镜扫描和透射电镜观察。黑熊脾脏被膜较厚、表面被覆间皮。脾实质可分为白髓,红髓和边缘区三部分。白髓脾小结较大,淋巴细胞密集,红髓脾窦丰富,脾索及边缘区含大量巨噬细胞。结果表明：黑熊脾与一些哺乳动物的脾脏结构基本相似,亦属于有血窦脾,具有较强的免疫功能。     

反义寡核苷酸片段可抑制鲫鱼视网膜电压依赖性钾离子通道的表达

爪蟾卵母细胞经注射鲫鱼视网总ＲＮＡ后,可表达大量电压依赖性钾离子通道。在此基础上,我们进一步发现,一个特定序列的寡核苷酸能专一地抑制该通道的表达。由于我们设计与合成的该片段与果蝇、小鼠中已克隆的钾通道中编码Ｎ端的一个多肽的ｍＲＮＡ完全互补,因此推测：鲫鱼视网膜中的Ｋ这个区域与其它物种的Ｋ通道有高度同源性,这为克隆该基因和研究它的功能提供了重要资料。     

鲫鱼视网膜亮度型水平细胞上不同视锥信号的相互作用:实验及模型

本文应用胞内记录和动态模型分析方法,研究了离体鲫鱼视网膜视锥驱动的高度型水平细胞（ＬＨＣ）上不同视锥信号的相互作用。实验表明,绿背景光的作用可以提高ＬＨＣ的红光反应,这种增强作用与绿敏锥的活动程度密切相关,模型分析表明,背景光 的作用谷氨酸介导的前馈性通路和ＧＡＢＡ介导的反馈性通路活动同时得以增强,水平细胞对光反应的增强效应不能为外泊性ＧＡＢＡ所消除。则其程度为前馈性通路和反馈性通路活动增加的相对     

Sexual dimorphism in the compound eye of the moth Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)

Abstract. Brachyptery in female moths is a common phenomenon. This article examines the eyes of the moth Operophtera brumata , in which only the males have wings. Both sexes possess eyes of the superposition type, have facets with corneal nipples, and exhibit eyeglow, but the eye of the male has 2174 facets, measures 725 μm in diameter, and has a clear zone of 112-μm width. That of the female has 1352 facets, measures 557 μm across, and has a 77-μm-wide clear zone. There were no significant differences in rhabdom diameters (10 μm) and tracheal sheath development, but male rhabdoms were significantly longer (85 vs. 65 μm). Dark/light adaptational changes manifested themselves in the positions of the distal screening pigment granules: between the cones during darkness and into the clear zone during light adaptation. The combination of a larger radius of curvature, wider clear zone, and longer rhabdoms gives the males a sensitivity at least twice that of the female. The narrower interommatidial angles of the male (2.8° vs. 3.2°) together with the well-developed tracheal rhabdom sheaths, furthermore, provide the eyes of the males with better resolution. Finally, eye-glow intensity in males diminishes considerably faster in light than it does in females. The differences between males and females appear to reflect their different roles: males begin to search after sunset in and around stands of trees for the pheromone-emitting females, which sit on the trunk of the tree under which they had emerged from their pupal case. Flying males encounter rapid light intensity changes and have to evade obstacles and enemies. The females are considerably more sedentary, but once mated, still seek suitable oviposition sites long after the males have ceased searching for them. During this activity, the females also need visual sensitivity and acuity, but less than the actively flying males.     

Effects of dietary zinc on the assimilation efficiency of carp (Cyprinus cavpio L.)

Adding zinc to the diet of carp lowered assimilation efficiency (AE) proportionately. AE values were higher (and higher proportions of zinc were absorbed) when zinc proteinate replaced zinc sulphate.     

The effect of high dietary zinc on trypsin activity in carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Carp fed pellets containing a range of zinc concentrations showed a significant increase in trypsin activity in the intestine with increasing zinc in the diet.     

Light and electron microscopic observation on the appearance of immunoreactive LHRH in perinatal rat hypothalamus

Summary The appearance and localization of LHRH were studied in the developing hypothalamus of perinatal rats using the unlabelled antibody method. By light microscopy, immunoreactive LHRH was first detected as brown dots on day 18.5 of gestation in the OVLT and on day 19.5 in the median eminence, respectively. When the median eminence was examined by the preembedding immunohistochemistry technique for electron microscopy, the occurrence of immunoreactive LHRH fibers could be demonstrated on day 18.5. These fibers were thin and very occasionally encountered near the surface of the lateral regions of the median eminence. The axoplasm contained a few immunopositive secretory granules and also extragranular immunoreactive products. With development, a gradual increase was noted both in number and size of nerve fibers with a concomitant accumulation of secretory granules within the axoplasm.A possible physiological significance of LHRH is discussed in relation to the onset of hypothalamo-hypophysial system in fetal life.     

Zinc and zinc binding substances in the tissues of common carp

Extraordinarily high concentrations of zinc (300–500 μg/(g fresh tissue)) are often found in the digestive tract tissue of common carp Cyprinus carpio, and high zinc concentrations (typically >100 μg/(g fresh tissue)) are also found in the kidney, gill, skeletal tissues, and spleen. In the present study, we found that only about 40% of the zinc in the digestive tract tissue of common carp could be extracted by water. However, 0.01 M citrate buffer, pH 6.2 could extract over 90% of the zinc. Subcellular zinc distribution in the tissues of common carp, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, silver carp Aristichthys nobilis, and tilapia Oreochromis aureus were compared. It was found that zinc concentrations in the cytosol, microsomal and mitochondrial fractions were approximately the same for all four species, being only about 16, 5, and 4 μg/(g fresh tissue), respectively. However, zinc concentrations in the nuclei/cell debris fraction of common carp tissue were much higher (46–370 μg/(g fresh tissue)) than the <14 μg/(g fresh tissue) found in the other three species. From this we conclude that neither water-soluble zinc proteins nor metallothionein could account for the high levels of zinc found in common carp tissues. A preliminary biochemical investigation suggests that the main zinc binding substance(s) in the nuclei/cell debris fraction of digestive tract tissue of common carp was probably a membrane protein(s).     

System-specific distribution of zinc in the chick brain

Summary The brain of young domestic chicks was investigated using a Timm sulfide silver method. Serial Vibratome sections were analyzed under the light microscope, and the localization of zinc-positive structures in selected areas was determined at the ultrastructural level. Both strong and differential staining was visible in the avian telencephalon whereas most subtelencephalic structures showed a pale reaction. The highest staining intensity was found in the nonprimary sensory regions of the telencephalon such as the hyperstriatum dorsale, hyperstriatum ventrale, hippocampus, palaeostriatum augmentatum, lobus parolfactorius and caudal parts of neostriatum. There was an overall gradient of staining intensity in neostriatal areas from rostral to caudal with the heaviest zinc deposits in the caudal neostriatum. Primary sensory projection areas, such as the ectostriatum (visual), hyperstriatum intercalatum superius (visual), nucleus basalis (beak representation), the input layer L₂ of the auditory field L and the somatosensory area rostral to field L were selectively left unstained. Fiber tracts throughout the brain were free of zinc deposits except for glial cells. In electron micrographs of stained regions, silver grains were localized in some presynaptic boutons of asymmetric synapses (Gray type I), within the cytoplasm of neuronal somata and sporadically in the nucleus. The possible involvement of zinc in synaptic transmission and other processes is discussed.Abbreviations for Anatomical Structures used in the Text and Figures Ac Nucleus accumbens - Ad Archistriatum dorsale - Ai Archistriatum intermedium - Am Archistriatum mediale - Ap Archistriatum posterior - APH Area parahippocampalis - BAS Nucleus basalis - BO Bulbus olfactorius - Cb Cerebellum; - CbI Nucleus cerebellaris internus - CbM Nucleus cerebellaris intermedius - CDL Area corticoidea dorsolateralis - CPi Cortex piriformis - CT Commissura tectalis - DMP Nucleus dorsomedialis posterior thalami - E Ectostriatum - H Hyperstriatum - HA Hyperstriatum accessorium - HD Hyperstriatum dorsale - HIS Hyperstriatum intercalatum superius - Hp Hippocampus - HV Hyperstriatum ventrale - ICo Nucleus intercollicularis - Ipc Nucleus isthmi, pars parvocellularis - L Lingula - L _{1, 2, 3} Field L - La Nucleus laminaris - LFM Lamina frontalis suprema - LFS Lamina frontalis superior - LH Lamina hyperstriatica - LMD Lamina medullaris dorsalis - LNH Rostrolateral neostriatum/Hyperstriatum ventrale - LPO Lobus parolfactorius - M Medulla - MLd Nucleus mesencephalicus lateralis, pars dorsalis - MNH Rostromedial neostriatum/Hyperstriatum ventrale - N Neostriatum - NC Neostriatum caudale - NEB Nucleus of ectostriatal belt - NHA Nucleus of HA - PA Palaeostriatum augmentatum - Pap Nucleus papillioformis - PL Nucleus pontis lateralis - PP Palaeostriatum primitivum - RP Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis - Rt Nucleus rotundus - S Nucleus septalis - SS Somatosensory area - TeO Tectum opticum - Tn Nucleus taeniae - TPO Area temporoparieto-occipitalis - V Ventricle - Va Vallecula     

草地贪夜蛾成虫复眼明暗适应及黄光照射下明适应状态转化率

【目的】蛾类昆虫的趋光性与复眼明暗适应状态的转化有着直接的关系,本研究旨在阐明光照与草地贪夜蛾Spodotera frugiperda复眼明暗适应状态转化的关系。【方法】在光、暗适应条件和不同光照强度黄光照射下,在不同时间段,用相机迅速拍照,观察统计草地贪夜蛾成虫复眼的明暗适应状态及明、暗适应状态转化率。【结果】在明适应状态下,草地贪夜蛾成虫经黄光照射1 h后,随光照强度的增加,复眼明适应状态保持率逐步升高：雄成虫复眼在0.1~0.5 lx时明适应状态保持率为67.77%(有32.23%的转化为暗适应状态与中间状态),4~6 lx时明适应状态保持率达到100%;雌成虫复眼在7~10 lx时,明适应状态保持率达98.90%。在明适应状态下,经黄光照射3 h后,草地贪夜蛾成虫复眼明适应状态保持率亦随着光照强度的增加逐步升高,在0.1~0.5 lx时雄成虫复眼明适应状态保持率为50.00%,雌成虫为32.23%;在光照强度7~10 lx时,雌雄成虫复眼明适应状态保持率分别为90.00%和100%。在暗适应状态下,草地贪夜蛾成虫经不同光照强度的黄光照射30 min后,成虫复眼向明适应状态逐渐转化：在0.1~0.5 lx光照强度时雌、雄成虫复眼明适应状态转化率均为93.33%;当光照强度达到0.6~0.9 lx时雌成虫复眼的明适应状态转化率达到100%,雄成虫复眼则在1~2 lx时达到100%。【结论】结果说明,草地贪夜蛾成虫有较强的光敏感性,且雌虫对黄光的光敏感性略强于雄虫。     

Light and dark assimilation of nitrate in plants

Abstract. Heterotrophic assimilation of nitrate in roots and leaves in darkness is closely linked with the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. The supply of glucose-6-phosphate to roots and chloroplasts in leaves in darkness is essential for assimilation of nitrite into amino acids. When green leaves are exposed to light, the key enzyme, glucoses-phosphate dehydrogenase, is inhibited by reduction with thioredoxin. Hence the dark nitrate assimilatory pathway is inhibited under photoautotrophic conditions and replaced by regulatory reactions functioning in light. On account of direct photo-synthetic reduction of nitrite in chloroplasts and availability of excess NADH for nitrate reduclase, the rate of nitrate assimilation is extremely rapid in light. Under dark anaerobic conditions also nitrate is equally rapidly reduced to nitrite on account of abolition of competition for NADH between nitrate reductase and mitochondrial oxidation.