46,XY女性性反转患者SRY基因启动子区一个新的点突变及其功能分析

通过ＤＮＡ序列测定在一名４６,ＸＹ女性性反转患者ＳＲＹ基因启动子区发现了一个新的突变：ｎｔ．－８１Ｇ→Ａ．该突变不见于正常男性,因此不是ＤＮＡ多态性．为了检测这一点突变对ＳＲＹ基因表达功能的影响,构建了分别由正常或突变的人ＳＲＹ基因启动子区片段调控氯霉素乙酰转移酶（ＣＡＴ）报告基因表达的两个质粒,寡核苷酸探针杂交证实该启动子片段正常或携带有Ｇ→Ａ突变．这两个质粒分别与ｐＳＶ－β－半乳糖苷酶内对照质粒共转染ＨｅＬａ细胞后,瞬间表达分析显示这一突变对ＣＡＴ酶活性水平无显著影响（０．５０＞Ｐ＞０．２０）．上述正常和突变的ＳＲＹ基因启动子片段与Ｋ５６２细胞核抽提物的凝胶阻滞实验也表明,突变对Ｋ５６２细胞核蛋白与ＳＲＹ基因启动子区的结合影响不大．研究ＳＲＹ基因的表达调控对阐明人的性别决定机制及性反转的病理机制具有重要意义     

A common protein binds to two silencers 5'' to the human beta-globin gene.

The temporal sequence of expression of human globin genes during development suggests precise regulation of these genes. Recent studies have characterized a number of DNA sequences within or flanking the human beta-globin gene which are important in its regulation and several proteins which bind to these sequences have been identified. We have found two proteins which bind 5' to the human beta-globin gene. One of these proteins, which we designate BP1, binds to two sequences, one between -550 and -527 bp relative to the cap site, the other between -302 and -294 bp. A second protein, BP2, binds to sequences between -275 and -263 bp. The binding sites for both BP1 and BP2 are in two regions which function as silencers in a transient expression assay using the human erythroleukemia cell line K562. These results and others presented here suggest that BP1 may act as a repressor protein. Negative regulation seems to be an important component of tissue and developmental specific globin gene regulation.     

人SATB1基因5′上游序列的转录激活功能分析

在对人SATB1基因进行生物信息学分析的基础上 ,采用PCR技术 ,扩增人基因组DNA中SATB1基因 5′上游序列的 - 2 95 5～ - 9片段 ,构建了 3个分别由SATB1基因 5′上游 - 2 95 5～ - 9,- 172 7～ - 9和 - 76 0～ - 9序列片段驱动的报告载体 -pGL3 SP2 94 6 luc ,pGL3 SP1718 luc和pGL3 SP75 1 luc ,分别瞬时转染JurkatT ,K5 6 2 ,U937和HeLa细胞 ,通过测定荧光素酶的表达活性 ,观察SATB1基因 5′上游序列片段 3个删除突变体在不同细胞内活性的差异 .结果显示 ,SATB1上游序列- 2 95 5 - 9在 4种细胞中的转录激活能力为U937>JurkatT >K5 6 2 ,在HeLa细胞中基本无激活 ,提示SATB1的转录激活可能具有一定的细胞类型特异性 .3种 5′删除突变体转录激活性由大至小顺序为 - 76 0 - 9>- 2 95 5 - 9>- 172 7 - 9,提示SATB1的核心启动子可能存在于其 5′上游序列的- 76 0至 - 9bp区域中 .     

Localization of DNA protein-binding sites in the proximal and distal promoter regions of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene.

DNase I footprinting assays were performed to identify the binding sites for putative trans-acting factors involved in the control of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene expression using mouse AFP promoter fragments (-839 to +56) and nuclear protein extracts from fetal, newborn, and adult livers and from brain and kidney. Our studies have shown that with nuclear protein from adult mouse liver, there are 14 protected regions in the AFP promoter up to -839 base pairs (bp). Region I (-82 to -43) was protected by at least three different factors, one of which is CCAAT-binding/enhancer-binding protein. This region is highly conserved in the mouse, rat, and human AFP genes and has been shown previously to be essential for the regulation of tissue-specific expression in mouse. Differences in DNase I protection with fetal, newborn, and adult nuclear proteins have been observed in the proximal promoter region (up to -202 bp) and in regions further upstream (up to -839 bp). Significant differences among liver, kidney, and brain nuclear protein-binding sites have also been observed. In these studies, we have mapped the fetal and adult nuclear protein-binding sites of the cis-acting DNA sequences of the mouse AFP proximal promoter (up to -200) and have identified specific protein-binding sites in the distal promoter (-200 to -839). We have also identified the sites of the AFP promoter which bind nuclear proteins from highly differentiated tissues in which AFP is not expressed.