2004年至2005年MRSA调查分析

目的调查龙岩市第一医院2004年至2005年各病区各类标本MRSA分离率及对常用抗生素耐药率。方法用VITEK 32细菌仪GPI卡鉴定及Slidex Staph-k it、MRSA胶乳凝集试验确认,用VITEK 32细菌仪GPS101做药敏,并统计分析。结果共检查229株SA,其中2004年MRSA为56.6%,耐药率苯唑西林、青霉素G为100%,优力新、头孢噻吩为100%,红霉素79%,四环素73%,环丙沙星71%,氯洁霉素36%,万古霉素0%;2005年MRSA为59.4%,耐药率苯唑西林、青霉素G、优力新、头孢唑啉为100%,红霉素94%,环丙沙星89%,氧氟沙星88%,四环素76%,氯洁霉素50%,利福平43%,万古霉素0%。结论该院SA耐药性监测显示临床分离SA的耐药性和交叉耐药性已相当严重,必须采取相应的措施严密监测、控制和预防MRSA感染,严格执行院内消毒隔离制度,防止MRSA扩散,定期对临床分离菌株的耐药性进行分析,避免万古霉素过度使用,防止耐万古霉素SA产生。     

1992—2005年蒙古国土地利用变化及其驱动因素

基于1992、2002年遥感图像以及2001、2005年的MODIS影像,结合相关统计资料,研究了蒙古国土地利用变化的总体特征、土地利用变化的空间差异,并对其驱动因素进行了分析.结果表明：1992—2005年,研究区耕地和林地面积明显减少,建设用地和未利用土地面积呈增加趋势,水域面积略有减少,草地面积相对稳定,但质量有所下降;2001—2005年,蒙古国土地利用变化的区域差异明显,西部山区和南部戈壁区北部是全国土地利用变化最集中的区域;研究区土地利用变化的主要驱动力为包括气候变化和自然灾害在内的自然因子以及政策法规、人口增加等社会经济因子.     

1996—2005年北京城市生态质量动态

从生态要素、生态过程、生态功能和生态问题4个主题出发,构建了包含16个指标的北京城市生态质量评价指标体系,并分别采用熵权法、最差状态法和最佳状态法对指标进行赋权,通过加权平均法构建了北京城市生态要素指数（EEI）、生态过程指数（EPI）、生态功能指数（EFI）、生态问题指数（EDI）和综合生态质量指数（CEI）,用以评价1996—2005年北京城市生态质量动态变化.结果表明：研究期间,北京城市EEI无明显改善,持续维持在远离理想点的水平;EPI和EFI改善显著,由1996年的远离理想点到2005年接近于理想点的水平;EDI的年度波动较大,普遍远离理想点;CEI得到持续改善,但离理想点依然有一定距离.当人均国内生产总值（GDP）小于3 000美元时,EPI、EFI和CEI随GDP的增长而快速增大,改善显著,当人均GDP超过3 000美元后,EPI、EFI和CEI随GDP增长而增大的速度减慢;EEI和EDI受人均GDP的影响较小,主要受限于自然条件及全球和区域环境的变化.     

Anthropometric changes in children and adolescents from 1965 to 2005 in Korea

The aim of this study was to assess the secular growth changes in Korean children and adolescents during the last four decades. In 2005, 68,790 boys and 62,557 girls were recruited for this study across the nation in 2005. Anthropometric data (weight, height, etc.) were measured. We compared the results of previous nationwide growth studies with this study. The results of this survey indicate that the growth and developmental status of Korean children and adolescents has been changed substantially compared with those in 1965, 1975, 1984, and 1997. The data presented in this study show a distinct secular increase in growth in body height and weight of Korean children and adolescents spanning this period. A nationwide survey every 5 years would be beneficial to establish a reference standard for the growth of children and adolescents according to the socioeconomic, environmental, and nutritional changes.     

1992—2018年内蒙古自治区植被动态演替特征及驱动力

人类的建设与破坏活动是植被动态变化的重要根源之一,利用遥感探究植被演替的量化监测过程及驱动力能够很好揭示人类活动对生态本底的影响。本研究利用欧洲航天局逐年土地覆被数据及地理学信息图谱方法,从植被型组、植被型尺度分析1992—2018年内蒙古自治区植被动态演替方向、演替速度及演替序列,明晰植被演替特征并量化其演替驱动力。结果表明: 研究期间,内蒙古自治区植被数量结构为“植增荒减”,具体年增长速率依次为耕地(353.10 km²)>草原(243.92 km²)>森林(-16.22 km²)>灌丛(-120.37 km²)>荒漠(-556.31 km²),并且空间相邻分布的草原、荒漠、灌丛三者的面积变化存在权衡关系。植被演替空间呈“绿进沙退”格局,演替热点集中于西辽河平原、内蒙古中部荒漠-草原交界处及黄河沿岸;植被演替序列结构复杂,进展、逆行演替相互交错,不同群落演替流量的截流率差距突出,其中,植被型组草原、灌丛与植被型草地、雨养农田群落在演替过程中截获最多演替流量。植被动态演替的核心驱动力为农牧业生产、经济发展水平、人口规模、生态工程、气候变化。作为“植物群落学-景观生态学”的实例研究,本研究结果可为植被格局优化、演替等级提升等生态措施实施空间的划定提供科学依据。     

Iodine concentration in the blood and urine in children depending on the goiter size

Epidemiological investigations have shown that at the Bia?ystok Province about 30% of children and youth is afflicted with goitre. In this area drinking water is poor in iodine and iodine supply with food is quite unsatisfactory. The purpose of the present work has been to check the behaviour of the serum and urine iodine in children with thyroid goitre. The estimations of I in blood serum were made in 126 children with goitre (I, II, and III, according to the WHO classification) and in 100 healthy children. The method used included buthanol extraction according to Fisher and Morris. The concentration of iodine and its excretion rate in urine were assessed in 119 children with goitre of various advancement, an; in 170 children not affected with goitre, using the method of Fisher and Morris adopted to urine analysis. The authors found the following values for serum protein bound iodine: control group 4.9 microgram/100 ml, at average; 4.3 microgram/100 ml, 3.0 microgram/100 ml, and 2.6 microgram/100 ml in those affected with I, II, and III of the goitre, respectively. The 24 hr urine excretion rate of iodine in healthy children amounted to 66.4 microgram, and 64.2 microgram, 53.6 microgram, and 4o.2 microgram in those with I, II, and III goitre, respectively. The above results indicate a significant decrease of iodine concentration in blood serum and in urine in children with goitre; this decrease has been found to be dependent on the degree of the thyroid gland enlargement. The differences were statistically significant.     

Iodine deficiency in northern Paris area: impact on fetal thyroid mensuration

Introduction

Iodine is essential for normal fetal and neonatal development. We studied the prevalence and impact on fetal thyroid development of iodine deficiency in pregnant women in the northern part of the Paris conurbation.

Materials and Methods

110 patients underwent several determinations of urinary iodine excretion (UIE) and of serum FT4, FT3, and TSH. Fetal thyroid gland size was assessed using ultrasonography.

Results

We found evidence of widespread iodine deficiency (mean UIE, 49.8 µg/L [standard deviation, 2.11]). Iodine deficiency did not correlate significantly with maternal thyroid parameters but showed a significant negative correlation with fetal thyroid gland size (rho = 0.25, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is still a problem in our geographical area and affects the fetal thyroid gland.Clinical Trials.gov {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00162539","term_id":"NCT00162539"}}NCT00162539     

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter sp strains isolated from humans in 2005 to 2006 in Bielsko-Biala Region, Poland

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are frequent causes of bacterial gastroeneritis in humans worldwide. Campylobacteriois is usually a self-limiting disease and therapy with antibiotics is required in severe clinical infections. The objective [corrected] of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from humans with diarrhea during 2005-2006 in Bielsko-Biala region in Poland. The MICs of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin and ampicillin were determined by the E-test method. It was observed that 23 % and 6% C. jejuni isolates were resistant to two and three antibiotics, respectively. All isolates of Campylobacter sp. were sensitive to erythromycin and gentamicin. From the 69 C. jejuni strains 58% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 23% to tetracycline and 17% to ampicillin. From the 8 C. coli strains all were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 62,5% to ampicillin and 12,5% to tetracycline.     

Endocardial fibroelastosis in children to one year of age]

Out of 2398 autopsies of newborns and infants performed between 1976 and 1985, thirty two cases of endocardial fibroelastosis were found, i.e. 10.6% of the congenital heart diseases in this age group. Endocardial fibroelastosis was most frequent (44%) in infants aged between 3 and 6 months. Seventeen cases of the disease were seen in male infants and 15 cases in female infants. Twenty cases of the endocardial fibroelastosis (62.5%) were of isolated character (primary) whereas 12 cases (37.5%) were of the secondary character associated with other heart abnormalities. Nine cases (about 28%) coexisted with congenital abnormalities of joint and bone system and respiratory tract. A morphologic analysis of the endocardial fibroelastosis with particular reference to its etiopathogenesis suggest its congenital origin or (and) an effect of infection on myocardium. It was also suggested that endocardial fibroelastosis may be a symptom of collagenic disease. About 70% of autopsied infants were hospitalized over 3 days what meant that the course of the disease was severe. Endocardial fibroelastosis was diagnosed clinically only in 6 cases (18.75%).     

Onset of overweight in Nuuk, Greenland: a retrospective cohort study of children from 1973 to 1992

The purpose of the study was to examine the age at onset of overweight and obesity of 2-15-year-old children in Nuuk, Greenland, born between 1973 and 1992. The study was a retrospective cohort study. The data were retrieved from the children's individual health files containing information on height and weight, and the database contained a total of 12,002 measurements of BMI in 3,094 children (1,522 boys and 1,572 girls). The main outcome measure was age at onset of overweight-the age at which BMI was above an internationally recommended cutoff point for overweight. The study showed that an increasing proportion of children reached the overweight state and did so at an earlier age for later cohorts. This was seen for both boys and girls. Overweight was less prevalent among boys in all cohorts. For the 1973-1992 cohorts of children from Nuuk, Greenland, the age at onset of overweight was significantly decreased.     

2005年上海地区儿童流行性腮腺炎890例临床流行病学特征

目的 了解2005年上海儿童流行性腮腺炎(流腮)的流行情况、临床特征和直接经济负担。方法 回顾性横断面临床分析我院传染科确诊的流行性腮腺炎(流腮)890例门诊儿童和270例住院儿童临床资料。结果 流腮在上海地区全年均有发病,4~7月为发病高峰季节,占全年的54.2%。270例住院患儿中,以外来儿童居多,占67.8%,有8例(3.0%)曾经接种过1剂麻疹-风疹-腮腺炎(MMR)疫苗。96.6%的门诊患儿和99.6%的住院患儿为3岁以上儿童。在890例流腮儿童中有并发症患儿234例,占26.3%,其中并发脑膜炎和(或)脑炎205例(87.6%),并发睾丸炎14例(6.0%),并发胰腺炎11例(4.7%),并发耳聋1例(0.4%),有2种或2种以上并发症18例(7.7%)。无死亡病例发生,但有耳听神经损伤后遗症。每一患儿病程中就诊1~3次,平均为1.4次。门诊1次就诊的医疗费用为114.9~184.7元,平均为(142.9±20.5)元,住院患儿总医疗费用624.6~6190.2元,平均为(1897.8±744.2)元。结论 流腮仍是上海儿童中常见的急性呼吸道传染病,并发症较高,幼托机构幼儿和学龄儿童是易感人群,应加强和推广易感人群的疫苗接种,疫苗接种经济有效,可大大降低疾病治疗负担。     

Survey of the year 2005: literature on applications of isothermal titration calorimetry

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can provide a full thermodynamic characterization of an interaction. Its usage does not suffer from constraints of molecular size, shape or chemical constitution. Neither is there any need for chemical modification or attachment to solid support. This ease of use has made it an invaluable instrumental resource and led to its appearance in many laboratories. Despite this, the value of the thermodynamic parameterization has, only quite recently, become widely appreciated. Although our understanding of the correlation between thermodynamic data and structural details continues to be somewhat naïve, a large number of publications have begun to improve the situation. In this overview of the literature for 2005, we have attempted to highlight works of interest and novelty. Furthermore, we draw attention to those works which we feel have provided a route to better analysis and increased our ability to understand the meaning of thermodynamic change on binding. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Genetic studies of house mice from the hybrid area of the Primorskii Region

Cytogenetic and allozyme differentiation of house mice Mus musculus L. was studied in 21 samples of Primorskii krai (region) from 1984 to 1998. The use of Q-H- and C-banding made it possible to reveal a high variation in the content and distribution of pericentromeric heterochromatin and high frequencies of marker autosomes 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, and 17-19 in the karyotypes of mice from some samples. The presence of marker alleles that are typical of the subspecies groups castaneus and musculus was shown for protein loci Idh, Sod-1, Aat-1, and Hbb. The data obtained indicate that the fauna of house mice of Primorye is characterized by subspecific mosaicism and hybrid origin. Apparently, subspecies M. m. castaneus, M. musculus ssp., M. M. homourus, and M. m. gansuensis contributed, to different degrees, to the formation of this fauna.     

西藏地区土壤放线菌种群多样性及拮抗活性研究

从西藏不同海拔、不同气候条件的5个地区采集的10份土样中,使用选择分离培养基、ISP 2（Yeast extract_malt extract agar）和高氏一号培养基,通过分散差速离心法（Dispersion and differential centrifugation,DDC）分离得到放线菌156株。根据形态和培养特征将其归入32个类群,并从中选出65个代表菌株进行全细胞壁氨基酸组分分析,结果表明：９株菌为非链霉菌胞壁类型,其余为链霉菌胞壁类型。16S rDNA扩增片段长度多态性（ARDRA）分析得到不同带型,对其序列分析结果表明：分离菌株分属链霉菌属（Streptomyces）和5个稀有放线菌属。同时测试了代表菌株抗耐药细菌和真菌的活性,其中38.5%的菌株具有拮抗活性。     

Multifocal periventricular leukomalacia in children up to 1 year of life

The authors present an analysis of the multifocal leucoencephalomalacia in children under 1 year of life based on the material obtained from 2.398 autopsies. It was found that 32 autopsied children suffered from this disease (1.33%). Twenty four of these children were premature. The disease was more frequent in the infants (23 cases) than in neonates (9 cases), and in boys (20 cases) than in girls (12 cases). Multifocal leucoenephalomalacia was manifested mainly as spastic infantile paralysis in the majority of the infants (14 cases). Morphological lesions to the brain most frequently embraced white substance adjacent to the cerebral ventricles (foci of leucoencephalomalacia of 1 cm in diameter) and cerebral vessels. Widening of the ventricular system of the brain was seen in 15 cases. Pathological reaction resulted from the brain anoxia and ischemia in perinatal period (20 cases) or septicaemia (12 cases) while predisposing factors included: prematurity, respiratory failure with hyaline membranes in the lungs and congenital abnormalities of the heart.