Neomycin in urinary tract infections; a clinical evaluation

Neomycin was effective in treating 31 cases of severe Gram-negative bacillary urinary tract infections sensitive to neomycin and resistant to other agents. The recommended dosage schedule of 0.5 gm. every 12 hours for five days was demonstrated to be relatively safe. However, close watch should be maintained for signs of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.     

TLR-mediated immune responses in the urinary tract

The urinary tract is one of the most intractable mucosal surfaces for pathogens to colonize. In addition to the natural barriers at this site, potential pathogens have to contend with the vigorous local innate immune system. Several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been identified on epithelial cells of the bladder and the kidneys which mediate a variety of powerful immune responses. A common finding among successful uropathogens is their intrinsic ability to suppress TLR-mediated responses. As antibiotic therapy becomes increasingly ineffective, employing boosters of the innate immune system in the urinary tract may become a viable option.     

A case-control study to evaluate urinary tract complications in radical hysterectomy

BACKGROUND: This study has evaluated urinary tract injuries and dysfunction after Radical Hysterectomy (RH) performed in patients with cervical cancer and has compared the cystometric parameters and urinary complications occurring in these patients with those occurring in patients who had undergone Simple Hysterectomy (SH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted to evaluate urinary tract injuries (intra-operative and post-operative) and dysfunction in 50 patients undergoing RH for cervical cancer and to compare them with the same parameters in 50 patients who underwent SH for benign disease. RESULTS: Mean age in the RH group was 46.3 years and in the SH group was 50.1 (p = 0.63). There were no bladder and urethral injuries in either group of patients. There was one intra-operative ureteral injury in the RH patients but none in those who underwent SH. (p < 0.05). In the two weeks after surgery, 15% of RH patients and 11% of SH patients had experienced a urinary tract infection urinary tract infection (p = 0.61). Two week after surgery 62% of RH patients had no urinary symptoms, compared to 84% in the SH group who did (p < 0.02). Urinary residual volume, first urinary sensation and maximal bladder capacity were higher in the RH group, but this was not statistically significant. The only case of a urinary fistula appeared in a patient who received 5000 cGy radiation therapy pre-operatively, but this spontaneously healed after 3 weeks of catheterization. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-operative and post-operative urinary tract complications are comparable in patients undergoing RH and SH and an expert gynaecological oncologist might be able to further decrease complications. However, radiation therapy before surgery may increase the risk of complications.