短小芽孢杆菌噬菌体的分离及特性

以短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)1037及其抗噬菌体衍生株为指示菌,从噬菌体滋生环境中分离得到10株噬菌斑形态和宿主范围不同的PP系列噬菌体,并对它们的血清型、宿主范围以及对热和对不同pH的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,在噬菌体滋生的环境中实际存在着不同血清型和宿主范围的噬菌体群体。由PP系列噬菌体与不同宿主菌之间的关系推测,杂菌污染是噬菌体污染的导因,因而认为在工业上防治噬菌体对生产的危害必须采取综合治理措施。     

短小芽孢杆菌缺陷噬菌体

经丝裂霉素c诱发和CsCl密度梯度离心,得到了短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)噬菌体PPO。该噬菌体具有典型的20面体的头部,长而可收缩尾鞘的尾,尾鞘的下端附有基板及尾丝。噬菌体DNA的限制核酸内切酶酶切电泳及其与宿主基因组DNA之间的分子杂交结果证明,噬菌体PPO颗粒内包裹的是寄主DNA,因而它是一缺陷噬菌体。     

海参溶菌酶枯草芽孢杆菌基因工程菌构建

通过基因重组等技术构建重组海参溶菌酶的枯草芽孢杆菌基因工程菌,并对此基因工程菌进行生长曲线的测定和稳定性分析。结果表明,海参溶菌酶基因特异引物在400 bp处扩增出特异性条带,与预期的海参溶菌酶基因大小一致;重组表达质粒pHT43-SjLys经双酶切验证得8 000 bp和400 bp左右的片段;重组海参溶菌酶的枯草芽孢杆菌基因工程菌与原始菌株WB600相比生长趋势基本一致,外源基因的插入对菌体的生理代谢未造成太大影响;在无选择压力的条件下,重组质粒的稳定性良好,连续传5次后的遗传稳定性为94%,并且提取质粒和双酶切验证后发现工程菌没有发现重排或丢失现象。表明重组海参溶菌酶基因工程菌pHT43-SjLys/WB600构建成功。     

短小芽孢杆菌的遗传转导

短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)噬菌体PP5在碱性蛋白酶生产菌珠B.pumilus 289中能进行普遍性转导。PP5对于B.pumilus 289的营养标记的转导频率为10~(-6)转导子/PFU。对于B.pumilus 1037和B.pumilus 289之间的链霉素抗性标记的转导频率为10~(-4)至10~(-7)转导子/PFU。从而建立了一个新的B.pumilus遗传转导系统。     

短小芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的提纯和性质的研究

由短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)209产生的胞外碱性蛋白酶的粗酶制剂(5×10 4u／g),经硼砂NaOH缓冲液抽提,硫酸铵沉淀,Sephadex G一25脱盐,DEAE-纤维素柱层析,冷冻干燥获得部分纯化的酶。纯酶的活力为199x10u/g,比活力提高2,6倍。此酶的最适pH8．5—9．0,在pH6一10之间稳定,因此是属于微碱性蛋白酶“’。最适温度为50℃,在50℃以下稳定,在60℃处理10分钟活力损失95％。0.003村c丑件的存在对酶的热稳定性和pH稳定性均有显著提高。Ag+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Hg+,Zn2+ 对酶有抑制作用;Mn2+有明显的激活作用;1×10-3M的PCMB,IAA,O-PTH,PMSF对活力无影响;1×10-3M EDTA对酶有30％的抑制作用;在40℃用NBS(1×10-4M)、DFP(2．5mM)对醢进行10分钟处理,酶活力完全损失。此酶能水解多种天然蛋白,如酪蛋白、血红蛋白、蛇毒蛋白等,不水解鱼精蛋白和溶菌酶。以酪蛋白为底物测得的km值为0．66×10-2g／ml。在pH7．3进行圆盘凝胶电泳,虽然呈现九条带,但均具有大小不等的蛋白酶活力。     

短小芽孢杆菌degQ基因的克隆与鉴定

ｄｅｇＱ基因编码一个由４６个氨基酸组成的多肽,能增强许多芽孢杆菌胞外酶基因的表达,以ＰＭＫ４作克隆体构建短小芽孢杆菌基因库,并用ＤＮＡ探针原位杂次法从中钓出ｄｅｇＱ基因,对克隆基因的ＤＮＡ序列进行了分析并证明克隆的短小芽孢杆菌ｄｅｇＱ基因具有增强枯草杆菌蛋白酶和果聚糖蔗糖酶基因表达的能力,ｄｅｇＱ基因克隆有助于研究芽孢杆菌的正调控机一并可望提高外源基因在芽孢杆菌中表达。     

耐碱性木聚糖酶基因在短小芽孢杆菌中高效分泌表达的研究

从木聚糖酶高产短小芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluspumilus)BP5 1中克隆得到木聚糖酶基因xynA ,将其构建在芽孢杆菌表达载体pWH1 5 2 0中得到重组质粒pWSX1 1。xynA由木糖诱导xylA启动子调控xynA表达。采用同源高效表达策略 ,以原生质体转化方法将pWSX1 1转回原始菌株BP5 1中 ,获得重组菌株BPX1 1。通过木糖诱导重组菌株中的xy nA基因高效分泌表达 ,使木聚糖酶产酶活力比原菌株BP5 1提高了 87% ,同时对重组表达的木聚糖酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究     

短小芽孢杆菌289(pBX96)α-淀粉酶的性质

将巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)α-淀粉酶基因克篷到短小芽饱杆菌(Bacilluspumilus)中获得表达。将该工程菌发酵液的上清液,经硫酸铵分级盐析和DEAE-纤维素柱层析,得到纯化的α-淀粉酶。此酶的最适pH为6．0;在pH 5—8之间稳定;最适反应温度为55℃;金属离子Zn2+、Ab2+、Cu2+、Ag+对酶有明显的抑制作用;Ca2+、Na+,K+对酶略有激活作用：3 x 10-3mol／L对氯汞苯甲酸(PCMB)对酶有95％的抑制作用;其免疫性质与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)所产生的α-淀粉酶相同。     

转座子Tn917在短小芽孢杆菌中的转座作用

Transposition Tn917 was introduced into Bacillus pumilus 289 by protoplast transformation with plasmid pTV32. The temperature-sensitive replication property of pTV32 was maintained in B. pumilus. Tn917 was transposed efficiently in B. pumilus with 4.8 x 10(-4) transposition rate. The yield of auxotrophs was about 0.65% in all insertional mutants. It indicated a prospects for the use of Tn917 as a tool for insertional mutagenesis and genetic manipulation in B. pumilus.     

有益芽孢杆菌受体菌研究

采用酸性茚三酮法测定了30株有益芽胞杆菌的赖氨酸产量,然后在不同的溶菌酶浓度下,对赖氨酸产量超过0．07g/L的21株菌进行原生质体转化质粒pUB110,测定原生质体形成率、原生质体再生率及转化频率,结果6103,6104,6120,6129四株菌的转化频率较高。最后,采用经典遗传学方法选育AEC抗性突变株,使赖氨酸积累提高。其中,B.licheniformis 6104诱变菌株610401能积累赖氨酸2．91g/L ,比出发菌株提高了17倍左右,转化率也提高了一个数量级。通过质粒的再转化试验及传代稳定性试验,进一步证实B.licheniformis 6104及其 突变菌株610401是较好的受体菌,尤其是用于赖氨酸合成酶基因的表达。     

'早红'草莓高效遗传转化受体系统的建立

本文以草莓主栽品种'早红'组培苗离体叶片和叶柄为外植体,进行叶龄、暗培养、植物生长调节剂配比及抗生素敏感性研究,建立草莓高效遗传转化的受体系统.在含3.0 mg/L 6-BA与0.1 mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基上,30 d叶龄的叶片再生频率高达98.31%,平均每叶片再生芽数5.09个,叶柄切段的再生频率为89.25%,平均每叶柄切段再生芽数4.92个,叶片的再生频率略高于叶柄;不定芽在含0.2 mg/L 6-BA与0.2 mg/L GA_3的MS继代培养基上培养成苗.将生长状态良好的不定芽转至含0.2 mg/L IBA的1/2 MS培养基上生根,生根率达100%,平均生根数量16.27条,平均根长1.85 cm.抗生素敏感性试验表明,草莓外植体适宜的卡那霉素选择压力为25 mg/L,头孢霉素的筛选浓度为300mg/L.本研究建立的再生体系可作为草莓遗传转化的受体系统.     

Application of Bacillus pumilus as a potential biocontrol agent of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The current study aimed at evaluating the possibility of native Bacillus pumilus species to control Fusarium wilt in tomato and examine its effect on plant growth. Biocontrol traits of B. pumilus strains, biofilm assay, root colonisation and in vivo studies under pot conditions were determined. Strain ToIrMA-KC806242 formed biofilm efficiently and could colonise and survive on tomato rhizosphere (3.1 × 10⁴ CFU/g of root). The amount of auxin production was recorded 29.7 μg/ml at the 96th hour of incubation. Siderophore production was determined positive, while ToIrMA was not able to solubilise phosphate compounds or produce cyanide hydrogen. Statistical analysis of data revealed that the increase in root and shoot length was recorded 60 and 84%, respectively, over control. In addition, about 73% reduction in disease incidence was determined in vivo experiments. In conclusion, this study suggests B. pumilus ToIrMA strain as a possible biocontrol agent in the field experiments.     

环介导恒温扩增法快速检测短小芽孢杆菌

短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)是一种能引起食源性疾病的腐败菌,对其进行快速检测具有重要意义。针对短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖(xynA)基因,设计了4条特异性引物(两条内引物和两条外引物),通过条件优化,首次将一种新颖的核酸扩增技术——环介导恒温扩增技术应用于短小芽孢杆菌的快速检测。采用该技术,63℃温育1h的条件下扩增短小芽孢杆菌DNA,琼脂糖凝胶电泳得到特异性梯度条带。PCR和LAMP的检测灵敏度分别约为162和16.2拷贝每反应。结果表明,该方法检测短小芽孢杆菌特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简便、检测成本低,1h即可完成,有望发展成为快速检测短小芽孢杆菌的有效手段。     

吸水链霉菌NND-52-C基因工程宿主载体系统的构建

吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株是大环内酯类抗生素-阿扎霉素B的高产菌株。采用原生质体转化技术,将来自变铅青链霉菌TK24菌株的pU702质粒转化吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株的原生质体,建立了吸水链霉菌NND-52-C菌株的基因工程宿主载体系统。确定了NND-52-C菌株原生质体制备和再生的条件,其原生质体形成率达到10^8／mL,再生率约为0．2％,转化率为10^2-10^3个转化子／μg质粒DNA。     

Screening and mutagenesis of a novel Bacillus pumilus strain producing alkaline protease for dehairing

AIMS: To characterize and optimize a novel Bacillus pumilus strain isolated from biological waste which produces protease with excellent dehairing effect. This newly isolated strain could be utilized in the industrial leather dehairing process. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacterial strains secreting proteases were screened from biological wastes. Positive clones were further characterized by analysing their efficacy in dehairing and effects on collagen integrity. Among 171 colonies tested, a strain BA06, identified as B. pumilus, was picked owing to its efficient dehairing capabilities with minimal impact on collagen. By combined mutagenesis using UV, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosdguanidine and Co(60)-gamma-rays, this strain was further improved with regard to its alkaline protease production. The alkaline protease activity of the mutant strain SCU11was greatly improved up to 6000 U ml(-1), in comparison with its parent strain BA06 of 1200 U ml(-1). CONCLUSIONS: By using screening and mutagenesis methods, we have successfully created a B. pumilus strain that can produce high levels of alkaline proteases that are able to efficiently remove hair from skin with minimal damage on the collagen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This strain could be used in commercial alkaline protease production for leather dehairing.     

Screening of the regioselectivity of acetyl xylan esterase from Bacillus pumilus as a catalyst for the deacetylation of glycoside acetates

Regioselective deacetylations of nine glycosides catalyzed by acetyl xylan esterase from Bacillus pumilus have been studied. The glycosides were methyl and benzyl glycosides of the tetraacetates of α-D-glucopyranose, α-D-galactopyranose and α-D-mannopyranose, and the methyl glycosides of tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose, tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranose and tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranose. The kinetics of successive deacetylations was monitored by GLC and 21 sugar acetates have been identified.     

Effect of feed gas composition of gas discharge plasmas on Bacillus pumilus spore mortality

AIMS: To investigate the effect of gas composition on the sensitivity of Bacillus pumilus spores to gas plasmas. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inert gas plasmas, oxygen-based plasmas and various moisturized air plasmas were used to inactivate B. pumilus spores in low gas pressure of 50 Pa. Although the treatment temperature did not exceed 55 degrees C when exciting these plasmas, spore survival varied widely depending on the composition of the gas feed. Higher spore mortality was acquired by inert gases of low molecular weight except for helium. The highest spore mortality (4.54log reduction) was obtained when air with a 0.05 molar fraction of water vapour was used as the plasma carrier gas. CONCLUSIONS: Water molecules in the plasma carrier gas play a significant role in inactivation of B. pumilus spores. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This strong inactivation may occur through hydroxyl free radicals generated from the moisturized air plasma.     

嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌质粒DNA的高压电穿孔转化研究

采用高压电穿孔法将穿梭质粒导入了嗜热脂肪芽胞杆菌(Bacillusstearothermophilus)K1041和T521菌株.以对数生长后期的菌体制备K1041转化细胞,以LB平板上于50℃培养的过夜菌制备T521转化细胞,细胞密度为5～7×109细胞/mL.电击条件如下电容25μF,电场强度10.0KV/cm,脉冲控制器设定200Ω.K1041和T521最高转化效率分别达2.01×104和1.19×102转化子/μgDNA.此外,研究发现T521和K1041中存在着DNA的限制/修饰系统.     

Cloning and expression of a Bacillus licheniformisα-amylase gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract The gene for B. licheniformis α-amylase has been cloned in P. aeruginosa . Synthesis of the enzyme occurs in late log phase and goes on during stationary phase. Although P. aeruginosa is a secretory bacterium, α-amylase is not efficiently secreted into the extracellular medium; 85% of the enzyme is retained in the periplasm.     

短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酶母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,得到重组质粒pH-BM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达,将重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）,GS115（pHBM220),GS115(pHBM220),SMD1168（pHBM220）分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃,在其最适反应条件下测得三粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL,重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三没有太大的差异。