小麦亲本遗传距离与产量杂种优势间的相关性研究

本文以10个小麦品种和按双列杂交配制的45个组合为材料,对遗传距离与产量杂种优势的关系进行了研究,结果表明:亲本遗传距离与产量杂种优势有极显著的非线性回归关系.遗传距离等于零时,杂种优势等于零;随着遗传距离的增大,杂种优势迅速达到最大值,然后缓慢下降,为通过原点的不对称抛物线.并对玉米、棉花的遗传距离与杂种优势的关系重新进行了探讨,一致表明,非线性回归关系优于抛物线回归关系.     

烟草数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势关系的研究

利用８个数量性状计算了主成分遗传距离,对１５个烟草品种进行聚类,在４３７的阀值下可将１５个一分为５大类,分类结果与品种地理来无必然的联系,而与品种的血缘头等级一定的联系,可将烤纯烟和晒晾烟分开,在一定程度上反映了品种的遗传差异,Ｆ１产量杂种优势指数（Ｆ１／ＭＰ）与亲本间遗传距离（Ｄ＾２）相关系数不显,二呈抛物线关系,在Ｄ＾２〈５．６３的范围内,二呈一直线关系,二相关系数为０．５１１。达极显     

玉米自交系间遗传距离与产量杂种优势,杂种产量的关系

以13个玉米自交系及其按双列杂交配制的78个单交种为材料,研究性状选择、亲本选择对遗传距离与产量杂种优势、杂种产量关系的影响,结果表明:(1)当性状数较少时,遗传距离与产量杂种优势、杂种产量的关系因性状的不同而异;当性状数较多时,遗传距离与产量杂种优势、杂种产量的关系为抛物线,受性状影响较小;(2)当所选亲本材料的遗传差异较大时,遗传距离与产量杂种优势的关系为抛物线;当所选亲本材料的遗传差异较小时,遗传距离与产量杂种优势的关系为直线或不相关。     

样本对小麦遗传距离与杂种优势关系的影响

本文以10个小麦品种和按双列杂交配制的45个组合为材料,研究了样本容量和样本的数据结构对遗传距离与杂种优势关系的影响．结果表明：（1）当样本容量较小时,遗传距离与产量杂种优势的关系为不相关;随着样本容量的增加,遗传距离与产量杂种优势的关系有由不相关,到Y=axe～bx(a＞0,b＜0）,Y=ax～be～cx（a、b＞0,c＜0）相关的变化趋势．（2）当样本的数据结构较差时,需较大样本容量,才能真实反映遗传距离与产量杂种优势的关系．     

小麦亲本间遗传距离预测杂种优势可行性的研究

本文通过10个小麦品种和按双列杂交配制的45个组合为材料,研究亲本间遗传距离预测杂种优势的可行性。结果表明：93.02％的样本实测值落在预测区间。     

利用SSR标记分析水稻亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势的关系

利用5个光温敏核不育系与40个恢复系（品种）配制了200个组合,应用SSR标记估算了这5个不育系与40个恢复系之间的遗传距离,分析了遗传距离与杂种优势的关系。结果表明：（1）不同材料、不同遗传距离范围之间,遗传距离与单株产量以及有效穗数、穗长、每穗粒敷、着粒密度、结实率、千粒重、单株产量7个性状超亲优势的相关性有很大差别,表现出很复杂的关系。（2）田丰S与父本遗传距离在0．6286～2．5257之间时,F1单株产量及其超亲优势与遗传距离极显著相关;培矮64S与父本遗传距离在0．8247～1．5315之间时,F1单株产量与遗传距离显著相关。（3）所有两系组合亲本间遗传距离在0．5333～1．5之间时,F1单株产量超亲优势与遗传距离显著相关;遗传距离在0．5333～1．0之间时,F1单株产量与遗传距离显著相关,遗传距离分别在1．0～1．5、0．5333～1．5和0．5333～2．5257之间时极显著相关。（4）另外,F1单株产量与遗传距离的相关程度普遍高于其超亲优势与遗传距离的相关程度。     

苜蓿SSR遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性分析

利用SSR标记技术对40份苜蓿材料（6个雄性不育株系和34个苜蓿品种）的遗传距离进行分析,并利用其中的6个不育株系与14个苜蓿品种测交,进一步对遗传距离(GD)、产量配合力与杂种优势效应进行相关性分析。结果表明,25对SSR引物共扩增出189条谱带,其中多态性条带136条,平均多态性位点百分率为69.23%;40份苜蓿材料的遗传距离为0.1818～0.9091,平均0.4544;各亲本一般配合力及GD均与杂种优势效应存在显著正相关,其中亲本一般配合力与杂种优势的相关性要高于GD.因此,仅以SSR遗传距离还不足以准确的组配强优势组合,需结合各性状配合力的分析,以充分发挥杂种优势效应。     

杂交稻特殊配合力与杂种优势、亲本间遗传距离的相 关性

杂交水稻育种的实质是配合力育种, 筛选高特殊配合力的杂交水稻组合才能选育出在生产上有实用价值的强优势组合。文章利用SSR标记检测了9个三系杂交稻亲本(5个不育系和4个恢复系)之间的遗传距离, 结合20个杂交稻组合(5×4 NCII)的产量表现, 分析了杂交水稻特殊配合力(Special combining ability, SCA)效应与产量杂种优势、亲本间遗传距离的相关性。结果表明, 特殊配合力效应与对照优势(相关系数r₁=0.5609)、平均优势(相关系数_r2=0.541)之间均呈显著正相关, 而与亲本遗传距离之间相关不显著, 相关系数(r=0.2143)较小。说明本研究所配组合的特殊配合力效应能充分反映杂种优势, 选用的杂交亲本能组配出强优势组合; 而杂交亲本遗传距离的大小并不能反映特殊配合力效应, 分子标记遗传距离与特殊配合力的相关性还有待于进一步的探讨。     

AFLP标记与玉米杂种产量,产量杂种优势的预测

以１７个玉米（Ｚｅａ ｍａｙｓ Ｌ．）自交系及其按双列杂效配制的１３６个单交种为材料,研究ＡＦＬＰ分子标记与玉米杂效种产量、产量杂种优势的关系。结果表明,基于ＡＦＬＰ数据计算的遗传距离与１９９７年杂种产量、产量中优势的相关系数（ｒ）分别为０．４５０３、０．３７１４,与１９９８年杂种产量、产量杂种优势的相关系数分别为０．４３５２、０．３２５３,均达到显水平,但决定系数（ｒ＾２）都很小。当亲本材料改     

杂交籼稻子粒QTL标记遗传距离与粒重、粒重杂种优势的相关性

利用与子粒性状相关的QTL标记分析了10个杂交水稻亲本间(5个不育系和5个恢复系)的遗传差异,结合10个亲本所配25个组合的F1表现,研究了基于子粒QTL分子标记遗传距离与粒重及粒重杂种优势的相关性。结果表明分子标记遗传距离与粒重呈显著正相关(r=0.26*),与对照优势呈显著正相关(r=0.28*),与母本优势呈极显著正相关(r=0.41**)。为分子标记预测杂交水稻杂种优势研究奠定了基础。     

吉林爆玉米遗传距离与杂种优势关系的研究

根据吉林省80个爆玉米自交系数量性状的表现,估算了它们之间的遗传距离。又估算了这80个自交系间随机组配的67个杂交组合F1代小区产量、爆粒率和膨胀倍数的杂种优势。相关和回归分析表明,F1代产量的对照优势与其双亲之间的遗传距离呈显著的二次曲线关系,而F1代品质特性爆粒率和膨胀倍数的对照优势与其双亲之间的遗传距离无确定性关系。因此,可以根据亲本间数量性状的综合遗传差异——遗传距离来预测吉林省爆玉米杂种一代的产量优势。 An experiment was conducted in 1990 to 1991 at the university,to study the relationships between genetic distance,cluster analysis and heterosis in popcorn(Zea mays var.everta).Results showed that there is no sense in cludtering parental lines for prediction of yield heterosis,but blood pedigree can beidentifed from cluster analysis.The relation between genetic divergence or distance and yield heterosis of F1 hybrids can be predicted from the genetic distances of their parental lines according to this model,but no definite relation could be found between parental genetic divergence and the quality heterosis of F1 hybrids.     

Heterosis in crosses between geographically separated populations of Drosophila melanogaster

Summary An experiment was performed to test the hypothesis that the genetic distance between populations estimated from enzyme loci could be used to predict the amount of heterosis that would occur in crosses between these populations. A partial diallel cross using 11 populations of Drosophila melanogaster from the AustralianPacific region and from England was carried out. Heterosis for larval viability, fecundity, cold shock mortality, and an index of these three traits was recorded. When two populations originating from the same location were crossed, no heterosis occurred, but otherwise heterosis was significant for all traits. For larval viability, a similar low level of heterosis occurred in all crosses. For cold shock mortality, the level of heterosis varied widely and fecundity showed a pattern intermediate between these two. The geographic distance between the sites from which populations originated was not correlated with the amount of heterosis in their crosses. There was a tendency for populations from ecologically different environments to show heterosis in crosses. Genetic distance based on ten enzyme loci was correlated with heterosis for cold shock mortality and the combined trait index. These results can be explained by the hypothesis that genes affecting larval viability are subject to strong, uniform selection in all populations, which limits the extent to which gene frequencies can drift apart. However, genes affecting cold shock mortality and the enzyme loci are subject to different selection pressures in different environments. This divergent selection combined with genetic drift causes divergence in gene frequency and heterosis.     

大瓶螺分子群体遗传结构和杂种优势预测

用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,对大瓶螺7个近交系的苹果酸脱氢酶、酯酶和α淀粉酶的酶谱进行观测,以估算群体固定指数和任两近交系间的遗传分化指数;用这7个近交系作半双列杂交,以估算杂种一代一些重要经济性状的优势率。结果表明,杂种一代某些性状的优势率与其双亲间的遗传分化指数存在极显著的直线回归关系。因此,杂种一代优势率的大小一般可用其双亲间的遗传分化指数的大小加以预测。最后讨论了这种预测的理论依据和影响预测的因素。 Abstract:Isozyme electrophoregrams of MDH,EST and α-AMY were investigated with 7 inbred lines of Ampullaria gigas.The fixation indices of the population and genetic differential indices between the lines were estimated at molecular level.A half diallel hybridization was made with the line in order to estimate F1 heterosis for some important economic traits.The results showed that there was a linear regression between F1 heterosis and the genetic differential index of its parents.Therefor,F1 heterosis of a cross combination could be predicted by the index of its parents.Finally,the thcoretical basis and influential factors the prediction were discussed.     

Relationship between genetic distance and heterosis for yield and morphological traits in winter canola (Brassica napus L.)

Genetic distance among canola cultivars was estimated through multivariate analysis. Thirty cultivars from various sources were analyzed and clustered based upon five morphological characteristics and yield components-crown diameter, number of branches plant^-1, number of pods plant^-1, number of seeds pod^-1 and yield plant^-1 -and placed in three distinct clusters. Two cultivars from each cluster were selected as parents and 15 partial-diallel inter- and intra-cluster crosses were made between the six selected parents and evaluated at two locations in Michigan in 1990/1991. The association between genetic distance and mid-parent heterosis was investigated. The correlation between genetic distance and heterosis was positive and highly significant for seed yield, number of pods plant^-1, and number of seeds pod^-1. Clustering, based on yield and yield-component traits, demonstrated that inter-cluster heterosis was greater than intra-cluster heterosis in the majority of cases.     

RAPD分子标记与玉米杂种产量优势预测的研究

以２４个优良玉米自交系统ＮＣⅡ设计组配成１４３个单杂交种为材料，利用的ＲＡＰＤ分子标记技术研究玉米杂种优势群划分，遗传距离与特殊配合力，杂种产量，杂种产量优势的联系。结果表明：（１）ＲＡＰＤ技术可用于玉米杂种优势群划分。（２）亲本遗传距离杂种产量优势，杂种产量，特殊配合畋有一定相关关系，但决定系数很小，分别是１０％，１０％，１５％，利用ＲＡＰＤ技术预测杂种优势，杂种产量作用有限，应进一步研究与杂     

作物品种间杂种优势遗传分析的新方法

本文提出了分析双列杂交试验资料的两个遗传模型。第一个模型包括加性、显性和母体效应;第二个模型只包括简单的加性和显性效应。还介绍了分析杂种优势、估算遗传方差分量以及预测遗传效应值的相应统计分析方法。用所介绍的遗传模型和分析方法以及常用的Griffing配合力分析方法,分析了棉花6个品种双列杂交的产量性状,并进一步比较了不同方法的分析结果。采用本文所介绍的遗传模型和分析方法,可以克服用Griffing的配合力模型及其方法分析杂种优势和配合力遗传表现所存在的局限性。