Life history of the Hawaiian blackhead triplefin, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enneapterygius atriceps</Emphasis>(Blennioidei,Tripterygiidae)

Synopsis We described aspects of the life history of the small, cryptic, triplefin blenny, Enneapterygius atriceps, collected from the mouth of Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. We examined otolith microstructure to construct a von Bertalanffy growth curve, described a length–weight relationship, performed a detailed dietary analysis, used standard histological techniques to determine size at maturity and reproductive patterns, determined batch fecundity, and used an index of gonadal development to examine spawning seasonality. Enneapterygius atriceps is a remarkably short-lived species with low fecundity and a short, well-defined breeding season. Dietary analysis suggests this fish lives and feeds around the bases of dead coral heads. This study generated the first otolith-based growth curve for any member of the Tripterygiidae.     

Redescriptions of two western Pacific triplefins (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae), <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enneapterygius fuscoventer</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. howensis</Emphasis>

Two western Pacific triplefins, Enneapterygius fuscoventer Fricke 1997 and E. howensis Fricke 1997 (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae), are similar to each other in sharing 15–19 (usually 17) notched lateral-line scales and the mandibular pore formula 3–5 + 1 + 3–5 (usually 4 + 1 + 4), in addition to similar coloration, viz. body with four vertical bands, the first and second forked ventrally, dorsal-fin membrane semi-transparent, anal fin entirely blackish, and caudal fin blackish with a semi-transparent margin. These species have previously been known only from preserved specimens. Examination of additional specimens plus color photographs of males and females of both species when fresh, and comparisons with type specimens resulted in several features, including coloration and counts of second dorsal-fin spines, anal-fin soft rays, pored lateral-line scales and longitudinal scale rows, being regarded as new diagnostic characters. Enneapterygius fuscoventer and E. howensis have been newly recorded from southern Japan and coastal eastern Australia, respectively.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Epigonus carbonarius</Emphasis>, a new species of deepwater cardinalfish (Perciformes: Epigonidae) from the Marquesas Islands,with a redefinition of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Epigonus oligolepis</Emphasis> group

A new epigonid fish, Epigonus carbonarius, is described on the basis of four specimens (50.8–95.3 mm standard length) collected from off Nuku Hiva Island, Marquesas Islands. This species belongs to the Epigonus oligolepis group, redefined in this study. It is distinguished from the three recognized species of the group by the following combination of characters: a small number of total gill rakers (21–23) and pyloric caeca (6), presence of lingual teeth, and absence of teeth from posterior part of vomer. A key to the species in the E. oligolepis group is provided.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Amanita concentrica</Emphasis>: a new species in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amanita</Emphasis> section <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amanita</Emphasis> from Japan

Amanita concentrica sp. nov. is described from an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Chiba Prefecture with Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii and Quercus glauca. The fungus is a medium to large, white to yellowish-white mushroom characterized by many pyramidal warts on pileus, striate margin of pileus, distinct ascending concen-tric rings at upper part of stipe bulb, and inamyloid basidiospores. It is considered to belong to the section Amanita. Received: March 30, 2001 / Accepted: October 1, 2001     

Phylogenetic analyses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Symbiodinium</Emphasis> isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Waminoa</Emphasis> and their anthozoan hosts in the Ryukyu Archipelago,southern Japan

It is known that the genus Waminoa (order Acoela, Family Convolutidae) associates with anthozoans (Scleractinia, Octocorallia, Zoantharia) and feeds on the mucus of their host. Despite the close relationship between Waminoa and its host species, it is known from phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 of ribosomal DNA (ITS-2) that photosymbiotic Symbiodinium isolated from Waminoa are different from the Symbiodinium of their anthozoan hosts. Additionally, Waminoa inherit their Symbiodinium and Amphidinium via vertical transmission. In the current study, we looked for and collected Waminoa from different anthozoan hosts from the Ryukyu Archipelago in southern Japan, and then examined the Symbiodinium of Waminoa as well as hosts’ Symbiodinium, and utilized sequences of the hyper-variable non-coding region of the plastid minicircle (psbA^ncr) in order to re-examine the diversity of Symbiodinium within Waminoa. In the resulting psbA^ncr phylogenetic tree, all Symbiodinium within Waminoa comprised a unique group within Clade C, all with the same genotype in the psbA^ncr phylogenetic tree. Our results reconfirm that most Waminoa host their own lineage of Symbiodinium, and demonstrate that Waminoa are also found on azooxanthellate anthozoan hosts, as we found Waminoa on Siphonogorgia sp., expanding their potential known habitat. Additionally, two Symbiodinium from Waminoa from both shallow (4 m) and mesophotic (32 m) depths were not included in main group of Symbiodinium from Waminoa in the ITS-2 phylogenetic tree, although we could not acquire psbA^ncr sequences for these specimens. Therefore it is possible that undetected Symbiodinium diversity may yet exist within Waminoa, and future work at shallow to mesophotic depths examining both zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate hosts may find more Waminoa and Symbiodinium diversity.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Caragana aliensis</Emphasis>, a new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Caragana</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leguminosae</Emphasis>) from Tibet,China

Summary   Caragana aliensis a new species from Tibet, China, is described and illustrated.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pempheris</Emphasis> (Perciformes: Pempheridae) endemic to the Ogasawara Islands,Japan

Pempheris familia sp. nov. is described on the basis of two specimens collected from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The new species is most similar to Pempheris japonica Döderlein in Steindachner and Döderlein 1883, endemic to Japanese and Korean waters, in having adherent scales with strong ctenii on the lateral and ventral surfaces of the body, each scale expanded basally and distally due to central narrowing, the abdomen with a U-shaped cross-sectional outline, a large ventral fenestra between the coracoid and cleithrum, 10 dorsal-fin soft rays and 35 or 36 anal-fin soft rays. However, Pempheris familia can be distinguished from P. japonica by the following combination of characters: 84–88 pored lateral-line scales; 14 or 15 scale rows above the lateral line; 50–55 predorsal scales; 26 circumpeduncular scales; and a distinct blackish blotch on the pectoral-fin base. Pempheris familia appears to be endemic to the Ogasawara Islands.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Funastrum rupicola</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apocynaceae:</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">Asclepiadoideae</Emphasis>), a new species from Bolivia

Summary   Funastrum rupicola Goyder, a new species of Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae from Bolivia, is described and illustrated. The conservation status of this species is assessed.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Euleiognathus,</Emphasis> a new genus proposed for the Miocene ponyfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leiognathus tottori</Emphasis> Yabumoto and Uyeno 1994 (Perciformes: Leiognathidae) from Japan

A new leiognathid genus Euleiognathus is proposed for Leiognathus tottori Yabumoto and Uyeno 1994, described from the Middle Miocene Iwami Formation of the Tottori Group, Tottori Prefecture, Japan. Euleiognathus differs from other genera of the family Leiognathidae in having serrations on the anterior edges of the second to fourth spines of the dorsal fin and relatively large uniserial conical teeth of the premaxilla.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phuphanochloa,</Emphasis> a new bamboo genus (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Poaceae</Emphasis>: <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bambusoideae</Emphasis>) from Thailand

Summary  A new monotypic bamboo genus Phuphanochloa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from north-eastern Thailand is described, together with a new species, P. speciosa.     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lirula</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies</Emphasis> from Japan

Two new species of Lirula (L. japonica and L. exigua) on Abies mariesii collected in subalpine areas of northern Japan are described as members of Rhytismatales, Discomycetes. Lirula japonica causes needle cast in fir, but L. exigua seems to occur on the needles of physically damaged twigs. Morphological characteristics of both species are discussed.     

A new variety of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cortinarius subalboviolaceus</Emphasis> (Sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sericeocybe</Emphasis>) from Japan

Cortinarius subalboviolaceus var. niigatensis var. nov., which grows in deciduous forests, is described and illustrated from Niigata and Gunma prefectures, Japan. It differs from C. subalboviolaceus var. subalboviolaceus mainly in its more distinct violet coloration and somewhat larger size of the basidiocarp.     

Two new records of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycena</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sacchariferae</Emphasis> from Japan and type study of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycena cryptomeriicola</Emphasis> (sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sacchariferae</Emphasis>)

Mycena cupulicola sp. nov. and M. adscendens var. carpophila, new to Japan, are described and illustrated. The former is characterized by having lageniform caulocystidia with a slightly thick-walled broadened base and no cheilocystidia. The latter is characterized by having a white pileus up to 1mm in diameter and narrowly conical caulocystidia. Mycena cryptomeriicola was confirmed to have inamyloid basoidiospores.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Athyrium crassicaule</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Woodsiaceae</Emphasis>), a new fern species from the Drakensberg,southern Africa

Summary  A new Athyrium species, A. crassicaule J. P. Roux (Woodsiaceae), is described from the Drakensberg in Lesotho and South Africa. A key to the Athyrium species in Lesotho, South Africa and Swaziland is provided.     

New combinations and typifications in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bistorta</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Persicaria</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Polygonum,</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rumex</Emphasis> (Polygonaceae)

New combinations are proposed in anticipation of the Polygonaceae treatment in the forthcoming volume of Intermountain Flora: Polygonum kelloggii var. esotericum, P. kelloggii var. watsonii , Rumex densiflorus var. pycnanthus , R. salicifolius var. utahensis, and R. occidentalis var. tomentellus. Typifications are proposed to facilitate ongoing studies in Polygonaceae and to maintain current usage.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba obovata</Emphasis>, a new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Matayba</Emphasis> (Sapindaceae) from Brazil

The new species, Matayba obovata (Sapindaceae), from southern and southeastern Brazil is described, illustrated, and contrasted to its putatively closest relatives. Palynological characters are also described. The new species belongs to sect. Matayba. A key to identify M. obovata and related species in the Atlantic Forest is included.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Linaria khalkhalensis</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Linaria</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Linaria</Emphasis>, Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Iran

Summary   Linaria khalkhalensis Hamdi & Assadi is described as a new species from Azerbaijan and Guilan provinces (northern Iran), belonging to Linaria sect. Linaria. It is close to Linaria lineolata Boiss. and L. elymaitica (Boiss.) Kuprian., which it resembles in habit and vegetative features. However, floral and seed characters together with a distinctive geographical distribution, warrant recognition at the species rank. An illustration of the new species, a distribution map, scanning electron micrographs of seed and capsule surfaces, and an identification key are also included.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cortinarius</Emphasis> sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Orellani</Emphasis> from Japan

Cortinarius breviradicatus sp. nov., found in deciduous forests, is described and illustrated from Niigata, Japan. It is characterized by its medium-sized to large dark brown basidiocarp, acutely conical pileus, and rooting stipe, and by subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. In addition, the extracting solution from its basidiocarps exhibits a strong fluorescence around 400–430 nm in ultraviolet radiation (250 nm), which was observed in a species of Cortinarius sect. Orellani. The new species belongs to the section Orellani. The differences between the new taxon and similar species are briefly discussed.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gymnopilus</Emphasis> Sect. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Microspori</Emphasis> from Japan

Gymnopilus ombrophilus sp. nov., growing on rotten wood of conifers and hardwoods from Niigata, Japan is described and illustrated. It is characterized by its medium-sized, brownish-orange basidiocarps with a finely squamulose pileus, stipe lacking an annulus, and mild taste, and microscopically by dextrinoid, small, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores. The new species belongs to the section Microspori. The differences between the taxon and similar species are briefly discussed.