响应面法优化AB-8大孔树脂纯化玉米须总黄酮的工艺

本研究采用超声波法提取玉米须总黄酮,继而研究AB-8大孔树脂纯化玉米须总黄酮的最佳工艺。以动态吸附率为评价指标,考察上样液流速、上样液浓度、上样液pH对玉米须总黄酮动态吸附的影响,以动态洗脱率为评价指标,考察洗脱液浓度、洗脱液用量对玉米须总黄酮动态解吸附的影响。在AB-8大孔树脂单因素试验的基础上,应用响应面法优化了玉米须总黄酮的纯化工艺条件。研究表明,最佳纯化工艺条件:上样液浓度0.03 mg/mL、上样液流速0.50 mL/min、洗脱液浓度91%。在此工艺条件下,玉米须总黄酮洗脱率为87.90%,与理论值基本吻合。该工艺稳定、可行,可用于玉米须总黄酮的分离纯化。     

大孔树脂分离纯化辣椒叶总黄酮的工艺研究

目的:筛选适合分离纯化辣椒叶总黄酮的一种大孔树脂,同时用响应面法进行优化得到最佳纯化工艺。方法:采用热回流法提取辣椒叶总黄酮,以吸附率和解吸率为考察指标,考察6种不同型号的大孔树脂(HPD100、HPD450、HPD600、HPD826、D101、AB-8)对辣椒叶总黄酮的吸附能力与解吸能力,确定最佳树脂。通过动态吸附解吸实验考察此树脂对辣椒叶总黄酮的最佳分离纯化工艺。结果:通过对辣椒叶总黄酮吸附分离性能的分析显示HPD600为最佳树脂,最优工艺为:上样浓度为10 mg/mL,上样量为10 mL,洗脱体积为4 BV,洗脱液流速为4 mL/min,洗脱液pH为7,依次用水、10%、30%乙醇冲洗树脂柱,50%乙醇为洗脱液。纯化后的黄酮纯度435.4 mg/g。结论:该方法简便,操作简单,对辣椒叶总黄酮的纯化效果较好。     

大孔树脂纯化卫矛总黄酮的工艺研究

筛选纯化卫矛总黄酮的最佳大孔树脂及其最佳工艺条件,采用正交设计法考察树脂种类、洗脱液浓度、pH值等因素对纯化的影响。用紫外分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量,计算吸附量、解吸率和浸膏总黄酮含量,最后确定最佳工艺条件。AB-8树脂最适于纯化卫矛总黄酮;最佳吸附量和解吸率分别是7.32 mg·g^-1和90.98%;浸膏的总黄酮含量从7.64%提高到了52.12%。该树脂可以用于精制卫矛总黄酮,提高提取物中总黄酮的含量。     

红枣总黄酮提取工艺

目的：采用分光光度法,以芦丁为标准品测定红枣中的总黄酮含量。方法：在提取过程中通过单因素实验分析了乙醇浓度、溶媒量、提取时间三个主要因素对提取率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上通过正交设计法进行实验,优化红枣总黄酮提取工艺条件。结果：以总黄酮含量作为考察指标,影响红枣总黄酮提取的主次因素为：乙醇浓度〉溶媒量〉提取时间,红枣中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为：50%乙醇、35倍量、提取时间100min。     

拟草果总黄酮制备纯化及抗炎活性研究

该文在前期研究的基础上,以拟草果的甲醇粗提液为原料,研究拟草果总黄酮成分的纯化方法以及考察拟草果总黄酮的抗炎活性。结果表明:通过静态吸附-洗脱试验,筛选出HP-20为纯化拟草果总黄酮的最佳大孔吸附树脂;以吸附率、解吸率等参数为指标,考察上样液和洗脱液的质量浓度、体积、流速等因素对纯化工艺的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为上样液质量浓度0.5 mg·m L^-1、上样体积流量4 m L·min^-1、上样体积15 BV、洗脱剂乙醇浓度70%、洗脱流速2 m L·min^-1、洗脱剂用量10 BV,在此条件下纯化的总黄酮保留率为65.48%;通过检测获得的拟草果总黄酮对脂多糖刺激的小胶质BV2细胞中白介素(IL)-6水平的影响,发现其可显著下调炎症因子IL-6的表达,具有一定的抗炎活性。     

超声波法优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的:超声波法优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺。方法:以超声波为提取方法,以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,选取乙醇浓度(体积分数)、加溶剂倍量和超声时间为考察因素,采用均匀实验和正交实验,优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺。结果:影响总黄酮提取率各因素主次为:ACB,确定最佳提取工艺为A2B3C3,即70%乙醇,加溶剂40倍量,超声提取75 min。结论:采用该工艺提取苦豆子中总黄酮,提取率较高且稳定,说明该工艺合理可行。     

沙冬青种子总黄酮测定方法及纯化工艺研究

旨在建立沙冬青种子总黄酮测定方法及沙冬青种子总黄酮纯化工艺。选用常用4种黄酮显色方法,通过紫外波长扫描分别确定槲皮素为对照品及沙冬青种子总黄酮的最佳吸收波长,建立标准曲线,并对各测定方法进行方法学验证,利用新建立的条件方法对沙冬青种子总黄酮进行含量测定;实验选择AB-8、D101、S-8型大孔树脂通过静态吸附及解析试验,筛选出AB-8型大孔树脂进行动态试验,建立大孔树脂纯化工艺条件,进一步通过乙酸乙酯进行萃取,提高其总黄酮纯度。结果显示,以槲皮素为对照品,采用Al Cl3-CH4O显色法,在检测波长为335 nm条件下可对沙冬青种子总黄酮含量进行有效测定;AB-8型大孔树脂在上样液浓度为6 mg/m L、上样液p H5.5、上样液体积5 BV、上样液流速3.5 BV/h条件下吸附,以70%乙醇、洗脱液流速1.5 BV/h、洗脱液体积6 BV条件下洗脱,沙冬青种子总黄酮含量由纯化前5.69%提高到41.07%;用AB-8树脂纯化后的总黄酮配置成一定浓度溶液后用乙酸乙酯萃取,总黄酮含量达到76.15%。     

桑枝总黄酮的提取工艺研究

研究桑枝总黄酮的最佳提取工艺,本试验以桑枝（Tang10）为材料,以桑枝总黄酮得率为考察目标,采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计方法研究了提取温度、提取时间、乙醇浓度、料液比对桑枝总黄酮提取得率的影响,运用DPS软件对最佳工艺进行优化和验证。结果显示：试验范围内各因子对桑枝总黄酮提取率作用影响大小依次为提取温度〉料液比〉乙醇浓度〉提取时间;最佳提取参数为温度80℃,提取时间3．5h,乙醇浓度60％,料液比1：40部。因此,所建立数学回归模型在试验范围内能较准确的预测桑枝总黄酮的提取率．预测值与实测值相吻合,证明最佳工艺条件切实可行。     

吸附法提取分离水杉总黄酮的研究

研究了我国重要经济植物水杉总黄酮的提取工艺,实验证明用70％的乙醇渗漉提取水杉总黄酮的工艺是经济实用的。正交实验显示用吸附法分离水杉总黄酮的影响因素依次为吸附剂选择,洗脱剂乙醇浓度,吸附剂用量及洗脱剂乙醇用量。将D140树脂用于水杉总黄酮的分离,具有收率高、操作简单、成本低、环境污染小等优点,适用于工业化生产。     

桑椹中黄酮类物质的大孔树脂纯化工艺

以桑椹中黄酮类物质的吸附量和解吸率为指标,对比分析HZ-801、HZ-816、HZ-818等12种大孔吸附树脂对桑椹提取液的分离纯化效果,优选出最佳树脂HZ-801并通过对上样液pH、上样液质量浓度、上样量、吸附流速、洗脱剂质量浓度、洗脱剂用量、洗脱流速等影响因素的考察,确定最优工艺:吸附阶段上样液pH=4,上样液质量浓度0.45mg/mL,上样量420mL,吸附流速120mL/h,动态吸附量(干树脂)25.34mg/g,吸附率84.25%;洗脱阶段的洗脱剂体积分数为60%乙醇,洗脱剂用量270mL,洗脱流速120mL/h。此优化工艺条件下的洗脱率为85.78%,总黄酮纯度从23.64%提高到82.36%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.