水皂角多酚的提取工艺研究

本研究通过单因素实验和正交实验 ,以提取物中水皂角总多酚含量为考察指标 ,对影响水皂角多酚提取效果的各因素进行了研究。结果表明各因素对水皂角多酚提取效果的影响程度从高到低依次为 :浸提温度 >乙醇浓度 >固液比 >浸提时间。确定了水皂角多酚的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度 70 % ,浸提温度 70℃ ,浸提时间 5h ,固液比 1∶10。     

苦瓜皂苷提取工艺研究

采用正交设计研究回流法苦瓜皂苷的提取工艺。考察提取温度、乙醇浓度、固液比和提取时间等因素在不同水平下对苦瓜皂苷提取率的影响,并对结果进行方差分析和显著性检验。结果显示乙醇提取法最佳工艺组合为A3B1C2D3,即70％乙醇,固液比为1：15,100℃回流提取1．5h,重复提取3次。     

基于响应面法从连翘叶中提取连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的工艺优化

采用响应面分析法优化连翘叶中连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的最佳提取工艺条件,在单因素实验基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理研究液料比、乙醇浓度、浸提时间、浸提温度4个因素对连翘酯苷A得率和连翘苷得率的影响.利用Design Expert 8.0.5 b分析确定最佳提取工艺,根据实际条件,得到连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度53％、提取温度74℃、浸提时间为53 min、液料比30 mL/g.回归模型预测最优条件下连翘酯苷A得率为7.53％,连翘苷得率为3.03％,验证值分别为7.56％,3.09％,与预测值的相对误差分别为0.4％,2.0％.     

超声辅助酸水解提取山里红叶中牡荆素的工艺优化

采用正交法优化山里红叶中牡荆素的超声辅助提取工艺。通过盐酸浓度、提取时间、固液比、超声功率、超声温度、乙醇浓度6种影响因素的单因素实验,研究它们与牡荆素提取得率之间的规律趋势;应用正交设计优化试验,研究盐酸浓度、提取时间、固液比和超声功率对山里红叶提取牡荆素得率影响大小,并确定最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明：当盐酸浓度为2 mol·L^-1、提取时间为40 min,固液比为1：20、超声功率为500 W、超声温度为50℃、乙醇浓度为50%时,效果最佳,得率为2.603 mg·g^-1;盐酸浓度具有较大显著性,且各因素影响顺序为：盐酸浓度 > 超声功率> > 提取时间 > 固液比。     

成熟欧李果肉中单宁提取条件的优化

以成熟欧李为试验材料,乙醇、丙酮、二甲基甲酰胺为提取剂,采用L25（5^6）正交试验设计,从溶剂浓度、固液比、浸提时间、浸提温度等因素的不同水平对欧李果肉中单宁的提取条件进行了研究,结果表明：从欧李果肉中提取单宁的最佳条件为：以丙酮作提取剂,浓度60％,浸提时间4h,浸提温度30℃,固液比1：20;以乙醇作提取剂,浓度30％,浸提时间4h,浸提温度60℃,固液比1：30。     

苦瓜水溶性粗多糖提取及降血糖功能研究

采用热水浸提法提取苦瓜水溶性多糖.通过正交试验优选浸提条件,确定苦瓜水溶性多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:即提取温度90℃,提取水料比为30:1,提取时间2 h.对苦瓜水溶性粗多糖的降血糖活性进行研究,结果表明:苦瓜水溶性多糖能够明显降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖,刘量500 mg/kg时,效果超出甲糖宁.     

陇蜀杜鹃叶中金丝桃苷提取工艺研究

通过单因素和正交实验,提取陇蜀杜鹃叶中主要活性成分金丝桃苷,采用高效液相色谱法测定,确定金丝桃苷的最佳提取工艺。结果显示影响陇蜀杜鹃叶中金丝桃苷得率的主要因素是乙醇浓度,各因素影响顺序为乙醇浓度料液比提取温度提取时间,金丝桃苷最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度50%、料液比1∶25、提取温度80℃、提取时间1 h,得率为0.68%。该方法提取陇蜀杜鹃叶中的金丝桃苷得率高,稳定性好,工艺可控性强。     

野西瓜低聚糖的提取及含量测定

目的:确定野西瓜低聚糖提取工艺参数并测定其含量.方法:对提取温度、提取时间、料液比和乙醇浓度进行了单因素和L9(34)正交试验;用分光光度法测定了野西瓜中低聚糖含量.结果:影响野西瓜低聚糖提取率的4个因素的影响程度依次为:提取时间>提取温度>乙醇浓度>料液比.最佳提取条件为:提取温度70℃、提取时间70min、料液比1/25、乙醇浓度80%,在此实验条件下低聚糖得率为3.70%.结论:实验结果为野西瓜低聚糖的进一步研究提供科学依据.     

千年健总黄酮的超声提取工艺

为了研究千年健黄酮的超声提取工艺,通过单因素实验,研究了超声功率、超声时间、乙醇浓度、液固比等因素对黄酮得率的影响,利用正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,各因素的影响次序为:超声功率乙醇浓度液固比超声时间,其最佳提取工艺条件为:超声功率为300W、超声时间15min、乙醇浓度50%、液固比30:1,最佳工艺条件下黄酮提取率为0.5868%。     

白花蛇舌草中熊果酸的提取工艺研究

本研究通过单因素实验,以提取的选择性和提取率为指标,考察了白花蛇舌草中熊果酸的提取过程的几个影响因素;并通过正交实验,对过程参数进行了优化。结果表明,各因素对熊果酸提取效果的影响程度从高到低分别是:提取时间>提取次数>乙醇体积分数>液固比;确定的最适提取条件为:95%乙醇溶液在回流温度下提取两次,每次1.5h,液固比为8:1。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.