十种海洋寡毛类纤毛虫:形态学及分类学修订

利用活体观察和蛋白银染色技术对近年来采自青岛、大亚湾、湛江沿岸水体的10个海洋寡毛类纤毛虫种:侧扁急游虫Strombidium apolatum Wilbert & Song,2005、具头急游虫Strombidium capitatum (Leegaard,1995) Kahl,1932、广东急游虫Strombidium guangdongense Liu,et al.,2016、拟卡氏急游虫Strombidiumparacalkinsi (Lei,et al.,1999) Agatha,2004、拟楔尾急游虫Strombidium parastylifer Song,et al.,2009、铃木急游虫Strombidium suzukii Song,et al.,2009、束腰旋游虫Spirostrombidium cinctum (Kahl,1932) Petz,et al.,1995、杨科夫平游虫Parallelostrombidium jankowski (Song,et al.,2009) Song,et al.,2018、卡尔平游虫Parallelostrombidium kahli (Song,et al.,2009) Song,et al.,2018、最小拟盗虫Strombidinopsis minima (Gruber,1884) Song & Bradbury,1998的形态学开展了比较研究,补充和厘定了有关形态特征、纤毛图式以及性状变异等分类学新信息。     

广东大亚湾六种海洋刺钩类纤毛虫的形态学研究

利用活体观察及银染法首次对采自广东大亚湾沿岸的盐菲阿虫Phialina salinarum Kahl,1928,海洋长吻虫Lacrymaria marina Kahl,1933,惊扰伪颈毛虫Pseudotrachelocerca trepida(Kahl,1928)Song,1990,贪食纤口虫Chaenea vorax Quennerstedt,1867,柱核柱毛虫Cyclotrichium cyclokaryon Meunier,1907和加冈栉毛虫Didinium gargantua Meunier,1910六种刺钩类纤毛虫进行了形态学研究,补充了活体形态学以及纤毛图式等分类学新信息。首次观察到了海洋长吻虫体纤毛基部的皮层颗粒和柱核柱毛虫大亚湾种群较青岛种群具有更多的体动基列等若干新信息。研究表明,刺钩类纤毛虫在大亚湾近岸水域具有较高的物种多样性。       

青岛沿海的自由生聚缩虫属纤毛虫(原生动物,纤毛门,缘毛目)

涉及近年来采集自青岛沿海的自由生聚缩虫属纤毛虫14种,包括9个国内新纪录:交替聚缩虫Zoothamnium alternans Claparède & Lachmann,1859,弗氏聚缩虫Z. foissneri Ji et al.,2005,黑凯聚缩虫 Z. hiketes Precht,1935,海洋聚缩虫 Z. marinum Mereschkowski, 1879,霉聚缩虫Z. mocedo Entz,1884,倪氏聚缩虫 Z. nii Ji et al.,2005,拟树状聚缩虫 Z. pararbuscula Ji et al., 2005,王氏聚缩虫Z.wangi Ji et al., 2005,许氏聚缩虫 Z. xuianum Sun et al.,2005;以及其他5个已知种:群栖聚缩虫Z. commune Kahl, 1933,双缘聚缩虫Z. duplicatum Kahl,1933,巨大聚缩虫Z.maximum Song,1986,羽状聚缩虫Z.plumula Kahl,1933,中国聚缩虫Z.sinense Song,1991.对以上各种作了简要的综合性描述,并给出了种检索表.     

长江口地区五种腹毛类纤毛虫的形态学研究

利用活体观察和蛋白银染色技术,对采自长江口泥滩潮间带及河道的五种腹毛类纤毛虫进行了形态学研究。包括对两个国内新记录种仁川巴库虫Bakuella (Bakuella) incheonensis和希斯多利织毛虫Histriculus histrio提供了详细的活体特征和纤毛图式信息,对红色伪角毛虫Pseudokeronopsis rubra、黄色伪角毛虫Pseudokeronopsis flava和冠突伪尾柱虫Pseudourostyla cristata进行了形态学重描述。五种腹毛类纤毛虫的长江口种群与国内外种群均存在不同程度的形态学差异:仁川巴库虫较韩国原始种群体型大,口围带小膜和额前棘毛数较多;希斯多利织毛虫与部分国外种群存在体长差异;红色伪角毛虫与青岛种群相比形态特征基本吻合但个体大小的波动范围较大;黄色伪角毛虫与湛江种群相比额棘毛数目较多;冠突伪尾柱虫较奥地利种群体型较小,与日本种群相比大核较多。该工作丰富了中国腹毛类纤毛虫多样性的认识。     

甘肃农田四种土壤腹毛类纤毛虫（纤毛门， 旋毛纲，腹毛亚纲）的形态学研究

利用非淹没培养皿法、活体观察法和蛋白银染色法,对采自甘肃临夏县和会宁县农田土壤的4种腹毛类纤毛虫,即柠檬管膜虫(Cyrtohymena citrina)、背触毛拟腹柱虫(Gastrostylides dorsicirratus)、沙栖蠕形尖毛虫(Vermioxytricha arenicola)和半残毛虫属一种(Hemisincirra sp.)进行了研究。结果表明,柠檬管膜虫、背触毛拟腹柱虫和沙栖蠕形尖毛虫为中国纤毛虫分布新记录种。半残毛虫属一种因缺失相关分类学、细胞发生学和分子学信息,此处暂作为未定名种处理。文中对4种纤毛虫的形态学特征进行了详细描述和讨论。     

土壤腹毛类纤毛虫四新纪录种

利用非淹没培养皿法、活体观察和蛋白银染色法,研究了青岛的土壤纤毛虫,发现2属4种我国新纪录种:澳洲管膜虫(Cyrtohymena australis Foissner,1995)、四核管膜虫[C.quadrinucleata(DragescoNjine,1971)]、犬牙管膜虫[C.candens(Kahl,1932)]及迟钝澳纤虫(Australocirrus oscitans BlattererFoissner,1988)。文中对该4种纤毛虫的活体形态和纤毛图式进行了观察记述,补充了前人描述的不足,并依据统计学特征与相近种群进行了比较。     

论寒武系馒头组三叶虫群星虫属(Asteromajia)北大核心CSCD

根据山东长清县张夏镇馒头山馒头组采集到的三叶虫新材料,重新厘定和恢复群星虫(Asteromajia Nan and Chang,1982)作为裂头虫科内有效属名的地位,将徐庄虫(Hsuchuangia Lu and Zhu in Qiu et al.,1983),八公山虫(Bagongshania Lin in Qiu et al.,1983)作为群星虫的晚出异名。修订我国以往所描述的毛庄期和徐庄期4个属(Kochaspis Resser,1935,Asteromajia Nan and Chang,1982,Hsuchuangia Lu and Zhu in Qiu et al.,1983,Bagongshania Lin in Qiu et al.,1983)内的15个种的特征和头尾搭配,归并为4属,10种:Temnoura huoshanensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),Zhongtiaoshanaspis angustilimbata(Meng in Zhou et al.,1977),Solenoparia funingensis(An in Duan et al.,2005),Asteromajia hsuchuangensis(Lu in Lu and Dong,1952),A.quadrata(Resser and Endo,1937),A.liuheensis(An,1966),A.huainanensis(Lin in Qiu et al.,1983),A.lüliangshanensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),A.?yangchengensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),A.?longiceps(Lu and Zhu,2001),其中后2个种的归属尚有疑问。     

论寒武系馒头组三叶虫群星虫属(Asteromajia)

根据山东长清县张夏镇馒头山馒头组采集到的三叶虫新材料,重新厘定和恢复群星虫(Asteromajia Nan and Chang,1982)作为裂头虫科内有效属名的地位,将徐庄虫(Hsuchuangia Lu and Zhu in Qiu et al.,1983),八公山虫(Bagongshania Lin in Qiu et al.,1983)作为群星虫的晚出异名。修订我国以往所描述的毛庄期和徐庄期4个属(Kochaspis Resser,1935,Asteromajia Nan and Chang,1982,Hsuchuangia Lu and Zhu in Qiu et al.,1983,Bagongshania Lin in Qiu et al.,1983)内的15个种的特征和头尾搭配,归并为4属,10种:Temnoura huoshanensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),Zhongtiaoshanaspis angustilimbata(Meng in Zhou et al.,1977),Solenoparia funingensis(An in Duan et al.,2005),Asteromajia hsuchuangensis(Lu in Lu and Dong,1952),A.quadrata(Resser and Endo,1937),A.liuheensis(An,1966),A.huainanensis(Lin in Qiu et al.,1983),A.lüliangshanensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),A.?yangchengensis(Zhang and Wang,1985),A.?longiceps(Lu and Zhu,2001),其中后2个种的归属尚有疑问。     

南中国海五种新纪录纤毛虫的形态学研究(原生动物,纤毛门)

从活体形态及纤毛图式水平,对采自广东大亚湾潮间带的5个南海新纪录种纤毛虫,即德卢偏体虫Dysteria derouxi,斜带齿管虫Chamydodon obliquus,恩茨伸颈虫Trachelotractus entzi,异佛氏全列虫Holosticha heterofoissneri和美丽原腹柱虫Protogastrostyla pulchra行了形态学研究,其中对德卢偏体虫银线系统、恩茨伸颈虫皮层颗粒、异佛氏全列虫的皮层颗粒和大核等进行了补足性描述.     

拉萨地块白垩纪固着蛤研究新进展

通过对拉萨地块白垩纪固着蛤进行修订和总结,共识别出7个固着蛤有效种,分别为:Rutonia bangonghuensis Yang et al.,1982,Auroradiolites biconvexus (Yang et al.,1982),Eoradiolites cf. hedini (Douville,1916),Magallanesia rutogensis Rao et al.,2015,Shajia tibetica Rao et al.,2019,Sellaea sp.和 Monopleura sp.。该固着蛤组合的时代为阿普特期(Aptian)晚期至阿尔布期(Albian),与同层产出的圆笠虫组合指示的时代相符。拉萨地块北部郎山组和南缘桑祖岗组所产出固着蛤组合可相互对比。通过对固着蛤组合的分析,饶馨等(Rao et al.,2015,2017,2019a)首次识别出了白垩纪中期亚洲西南部/太平洋生物古地理分区,其固着蛤类群以区域性属Auroradiolites和Horiopleura haydeni–Praecaprotina–Magallanesia演化谱系为特征型分子。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.