Depth-related changes to density,diversity and structure of benthic megafaunal assemblages in the Fimbul ice shelf region,Weddell Sea,Antarctica

The depth-related patterns in the benthic megafauna of the NE Weddell Sea shelf at the edge of the Fimbul Ice Shelf were investigated at seven sites using towed camera platform photographs. Megafaunal density decreased with depth from 77,939 ha⁻¹ at 245 m to 8,895 ha⁻¹ at 510 m. While diversity was variable, with H′ ranging between 1.34 and 2.28, there were no depth related patterns. Multivariate analyses revealed two distinct assemblages; a shallow assemblage with dense patches of suspension feeders in undisturbed areas and a deep assemblage where these were not present. Disturbance from icebergs explained many observed patterns in faunal distribution. In shallow waters probable effects of disturbance were observed as changes in successional stages; in deeper waters changes in habitat as a result of past disturbance explained faunal distributions. In deeper areas ice ploughing created a mosaic landscape of fine and coarse sediments. Total megafaunal density was highest in areas of coarse sediment (up to 2.9 higher than in finer sediment areas) but diversity was highest in intermediate areas (H′ = 2.35).     

DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIAN MARINE FAUNAS RELATIVE TO WATER DEPTH AND DISTANCE FROM SHORE

Variability of marine faunas in Middle Pennsylvanian rocks in central Colorado, as generally of modern marine faunas, increases with increasing depth and distance from shore in shallow water. Less than 3 genera of brachiopods lived nearshore, whereas 10 were present in water computed to have been 22 meters deep, about 5 kilometers offshore. Foraminifers increase from 1 or 2 irregularly formed types nearshore, to 6–8 types in offshore areas, and foraminiferal density increases sharply 3^l/2 kilometers offshore at a depth of about 15 meters. Several genera of brachiopods, 3 types of foraminifers, and phylloid algae show a distribution closely related to depth of water and distance from shore. On the basis of significant changes in genera of brachiopods, types of foraminifers, general faunal diversity, and foraminiferal density, three distinct biotopes can be recognized. These biotopes were occupied by the euphemitid, dictyoclostid- Composita , and fusulinid fossil communities.     

EM堆肥对黑土耕作区中小型土壤动物群落的影响

2012年5、7和9月在哈尔滨市典型黑土农田区,采用定点试验的方法设置空白对照、低浓度、中浓度和高浓度4个处理样地,分析不同浓度EM堆肥处理对中小型土壤动物群落组成、垂直结构、季节性动态和多样性的影响.结果表明: 不同浓度EM堆肥处理下共捕获中小型土壤动物7860只,平均密度49125只·m^-2,隶属于3纲10目,划分为30个类群.EM堆肥处理增加了中小型土壤动物类群数量,低浓度处理中小型土壤动物个体密度低于空白对照样地,但随着EM堆肥浓度的增加,中小型土壤动物个体密度均有所增加;中小型土壤动物群落的类群数和个体密度的垂直分布具有表聚性特征;中小型土壤动物群落存在一定的季节变化特征;不同浓度EM堆肥处理样地中小型土壤动物群落多样性指数均有所增加,土壤有机质对这种多样性的变化影响相对较大;EM堆肥处理下中小型土壤动物对土壤环境因子的响应不同,常见类群和优势类群对土壤环境的变化有较强的适应性,而稀有类群相对敏感,受到特定的环境因子的影响.说明EM堆肥处理可在一定程度上改善黑土区农田中小型土壤动物群落结构、增加其多样性.     

Burial disturbance leads to facilitation among coastal dune plants

There is growing evidence that interactions among plants can be facilitative as well as competitive, but knowledge of how disturbances influence these interactions and how they vary with species diversity is lacking. We manipulated plant density, species diversity (richness), and a burial disturbance in a controlled, complete factorial experiment to test theories about the relationships among species interactions, disturbance, and richness. The hypotheses tested were 1) burial disturbance reduces plant performance at all levels of density and richness, 2) burial disturbance can cause net plant interactions to become more facilitative, and 3) facilitation increases with species richness. Burial decreased plant survival by 60% and biomass by 50%, supporting the hypothesis that burial reduces plant performance. In the control (unburied) treatment, there was no difference in proportion survival or per plant biomass between low and high density plots, meaning that neither competition nor facilitation was detected. In the buried treatment, however, high density plots had significantly greater survival and greater per plant biomass than the low density plots, indicating net facilitative interactions. Thus facilitation occurred in the buried treatment and not in the unburied control plots, supporting the hypothesis that facilitation increases with increasing disturbance severity. The hypothesis that facilitation increases with increasing species richness was not supported. Richness did not affect survival or biomass, and there was no richness by burial treatment interaction, indicating that richness did not influence the response of the community to burial. The influence of the disturbance on plant interactions was thus consistent across levels of richness, increasing the generality of the relationship between disturbance and facilitation.     

Environmental factors structuring polychaete communities in shallow rocky habitats: role of physical stress versus habitat complexity

Polychaetes inhabiting 12 different hard bottom habitats were studied. A total of 157 species belonging to 32 families were identified. Differences among habitats in polychaete density, species richness, and diversity were analysed, as well as the relationships between these ecological indices and depth range, slope and in-bay/out-bay gradient. A high faunal homogeneity was found: all biotopes were dominated by a low number of eurytopic species. Intertidal habitats and subtidal ones with scarce algal cover were typified by vagile polychaetes (syllids, nereids), while sessile polychaetes (serpulids, sabellids) appeared typically among subtidal large macrophytes, habitats with a calcareous substrate and shaded habitats. Multivariate analyses showed that habitat complexity, determined by physical disturbance, is the main structuring factor for polychaete populations. Biotopes with the highest structural complexity displayed a high number of companion species increasing ecological indices and denoting a well-structured habitat. On the other hand, communities such as those in the upper intertidal, mainly controlled by physical environmental variables, showed a poorer polychaete fauna, dominated by ubiquitous species and a few well-adapted specialists.     

川西高山典型自然植被土壤动物多样性

为了解川西高山不同自然植被类型下土壤动物的多样性差异,于2008年8月至2009年6月对该地区代表性植被--针叶林、灌木林和草甸下的土壤动物群落进行调查.从3种植被下共捕获土壤动物48343只,隶属于7门16纲31目117科.不同植被类型的大型土壤动物优势类群差异较大,其土壤动物类群数存在显著差异(P＜0.05).3种植被下土壤动物个体密度与类群数的垂直分布均具有明显表聚性.针叶林苔藓层的土壤动物个体密度与类群数极显著高于凋落物层和土壤层（P＜0.01）.不同植被下土壤动物密度 类群指数(DG)存在极显著差异(P＜0.01).大型土壤动物生物量在6月达到最大值.Jacard相似系数显示:受干扰草甸的土壤动物群落与其他植被相似程度最低.表明植被类型对土壤动物群落结构特征影响显著;坡向、海拔以及干扰等因素对土壤动物群落结构也有影响.     

DG指数在定量多样性时的缺陷及其内涵解析

生物多样性通常使用物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等来进行度量, 但是在土壤动物群落研究中, 由于使用了粗水平的分类方法, 因此即使生境变化很大, 这些多样性指数在评估群落多样性变化时仍然是不适当的。为了克服这种限制, 廖崇惠(1990, 2009)提出用DG指数来代替这些标准的多样性指数, 并在土壤动物生态学领域得到了广泛应用。然而笔者分析发现DG指数与Pielou均匀度指数呈显著的负相关关系(r = –0.534, P = 0.000), 即, 高的均匀度反而有低的多样性。另外, DG指数与类群数(r = 0.648, P = 0.000)和类群密度(r = 0.487, P = 0.000)呈明显的正相关, 类群数的下降可以通过部分类群密度的上升而获得补偿, 群落的类群丢失后却可以获得一个不变的甚至更高的多样性值。因此, 笔者不支持DG指数用于测度生物多样性, 提议使用各类群实际群势与潜在群势比值的平均值来估计群落潜在多度的实现程度。如果继续使用DG指数作为实际生境条件的一个指标, 那么与以往不同, DG指数测度的是该生境群落多度增长的一种潜力。     

Palaeoceanographical changes recorded by Cenozoic deep-sea ostracod assemblages from the South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean (ODP Sites 1087 and 1088)

Cenozoic palaeoceanography of the SE Atlantic and Southern Oceans has been investigated using Late Eocene/Early Oligocene to Quaternary ostracod assemblages from 49 samples of ODP Sites 1087 and 1088. Although the overall abundance of ostracods is relatively low (means of 17 and 49 specimens per sample at Sites 1087 and 1088, respectively) and there is an apparently high level of endemism (ranging from 50% to 80% at Sites 1087 and 1088), three major changes in the faunal assemblages are identified at Site 1087 (denoted A, B and C) and two at Site 1088 (denoted B' and C'). The assemblage boundaries, detected on the basis of stepwise changes in the abundance, diversity, dominance, endemism, faunal turnover and relative abundance of common taxa, coincide broadly with previously identified, ostracod-based palaeoceanographical 'events' discussed by Benson and co-workers over the last two decades. The data do not extend sufficiently far back to record the initiation of Assemblage A, but the faunal change between Assemblages A and B, marked by a decline in abundance, species diversity and faunal turnover, occurs within the Middle Miocene (NN5-6). It coincides with a previously documented palaeoceanographical 'event' at 16-14 Ma which, we suggest, may be related to the initiation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production and/or an expansion of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Assemblage B' is subdivided into the two Sub-assemblages B'¹ and B'² mainly on the basis of an increase in diversity, a peak in faunal turnover and a drop in the relative abundance of the genus Krithe in early Late Miocene time (NN9, c. 10.5 Ma). The B'¹/B'² Sub-assemblage boundary cannot be related to any previously documented faunal change in deep-sea ostracods. Changes associated with the boundaries between Assemblages B and C, and B' and C', which we believe to be synchronous, both include a decrease in diversity and abundance. In addition, two strong turnover peaks occur near the B'/C' boundary at Site 1088. The B/C and B'/C' boundaries coincide with a previously documented midPliocene 'event' (3.5 Ma) (NN15-16) which may be linked to putative closure of the Straits of Panama and increased production of NADW, the latter in turn leading to increased production of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Alternatively, fiuctuations in size of the Antarctic ice sheet during possible Pliocene warm periods could indirectly be responsible for the observed midPliocene faunal changes.     

Patterns in deep-sea macrobenthos at the continental margin: standing crop,diversity and faunal change on the continental slope off Scotland

Depth-related patterns of macrobenthic community structure and composition have been studied from box-core samples from the Scottish continental slope where deep-sea trawling and oil exploration are becoming increasingly important. There is a strong pattern of declining biomass and faunal abundance with increasing depth, but results also indicate reduced biomass and numbers of macrobenthos in the shallowest samples from just below the shelf edge where there are coarse sediments and a regime of strong bottom currents. There is also reduced species diversity at the shallowest stations, probably caused by hydrodynamic disturbance, but no clear mid-slope peak in species diversity as described from the northwest Atlantic. Taxonomic composition of the macrobenthic community shows most change between about 1000 and 1200 m, expressed as a major dichotomy in multivariate analysis by cluster analysis and ordination. It also shows up as a step-like increase in the rate of accumulation of new macrofaunal species. This corresponds to a change in hydrodynamic regime, from a seabed rich in suspension- and interface-feeding epifauna, to one where biogenic traces from large, burrowing deposit feeders are well developed, and visible epifauna rare in seabed photographs. It also corresponds to the depth zone where earlier study of megafaunal echinoderms in trawl and epibenthic sled samples also shows a clear peak in across-slope rate of change in faunal composition.     

沙质草地生境中大型土壤动物对土地沙漠化的响应

沙质草地沙漠化过程中土壤动物群落结构变化是沙漠化生物过程中的一个重要方面,对于掌握沙漠化过程中生物退化规律和提出合理沙漠化防治对策具有重要指导作用。选取处于不同沙漠化阶段的流动沙地、半流动沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地和丘间低地5种生境类型,采用手拣法对其大型土壤动物群落进行了调查。共获得36个动物类群,属于8目32科,优势类群为蚁科,常见类群有22个类群,两个类群的个体数共占群落个体总数的93.33%;稀有类群有13个类群,其个体数占群落个体总数的6.67%。结果显示,丘间低地、固定沙地、半固定沙地和半流动沙地大型土壤动物群落个体数量、类群数和多样性显著高于流动沙地(P<0.05);固定沙地大型土壤动物生物量显著高于其它生境类型(P<0.05);沙质草地严重沙漠化显著地影响大型土壤动物多样性及其生物量。并且,不同土壤动物类群个体对不同沙漠化阶段生境的适应性存在一定差异,产生了不同的响应模式。土壤有机碳和酸碱度以及土壤含水量差异是影响大型土壤动物类群分布与生长的主要因素。研究表明,固定沙地是大型土壤动物的适宜沙地生境,具有较多的个体数量和较高的生物量;丘间低地、半固定沙地、半固定沙地和流动沙地影响大型土壤动物存活,其个体数量和生物量较低。     

Deep-Sea Macrobenthic Communities at Contrasting Sites off Portugal,Preliminary Results: I Introduction and Diversity Comparisons

Species diversity, faunal composition and abundance in the deep-sea macrobenthos are investigated at two, adjoining deep-sea areas off Portugal experiencing contrasting hydrodynamic conditions in order to test for the importance of disturbance in structuring the community. The first was located at 5,035 m depth on a presumably low current-energy site on the Tagus Abyssal Plain (TAP) and the second was centered in the lower end of the Setubal Canyon (SC) at 3,400 m depth where high levels of hydrodynamic activity are inferred from ripple bedforms visible in sea bed photographs. Closely grouped, transponder-mapped, “vegematic” box core samples were taken at each site. Agglutinated foraminifers numerically dominate the macrofauna (retained by 300 μm sieve) at both sites. Seagrass content in the SC cores indicates downslope detrital input from shallow water which is absent in the TAP samples. This must contribute, possibly with high levels of resuspended particles in near-bed flow, to the almost tenfold difference in abundance of metazoan macrofauna at the two sites. Expected species diversity measured from rarefaction is highest at TAP, both for pooled data and when foraminifers. tanaids and bivalve are considered separately. Evenness (equitability) in species' abundances is also higher at TAP than at SC. These differences are compared with benthic community data from the hydrodynamically disturbed High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer (HEBBLE) site on the Nova Scotia continental rise, and from the Rockall Trough (N.E. Atlantic). In common with these sites, strong bed flow at SC is thought to result in relatively high abundances, lower species richness and greater unevenness by acting to periodically disturb and reduce populations. Differences in the degree to which different faunal groups seem to be affected might be related to differences in lifestyle, particularly burrowing depth.     

Multimetric assessment of macroinvertebrate responses to mitigation measures in a dammed and polluted river of Central Spain

In this research, structural and functional responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to mitigation measures (carried out in the dammed and polluted Duraton River, Central Spain, during the 1990s and 2000s) were examined by comparing physicochemical and biological data from the summer of 1987 with data from the summer of 2014. Mitigation measures resulted in significant increases in dissolved oxygen concentrations, as well as in significant reductions of fluoride (F⁻) pollution and short-term flow fluctuations. The macrobenthic community responded positively to improvements in river environmental conditions, exhibiting significant increases in abundance (total density, total biomass and EPT density) and diversity (total family richness and EPT richness) at impacted sampling sites. Furthermore, the presence of relatively sensitive benthic macroinvertebrates after mitigation measures (as indicated by increased values of BMWQ biotic indices) also was the main cause for observed reductions in the environmental impact caused by disturbance points (as indicated by decreased values of the EI index), and for the observed recovering of the trophic structure of the macrobenthic community, with macroinvertebrate scrapers as the functional feeding group most favored. These macroinvertebrate responses to mitigation measures were more marked at sampling sites that initially were more impacted (i.e., nearest to disturbance points), and less apparent at the sampling site that initially was less impacted (i.e., farthest to disturbance points). Within the hydropsychid assemblage, improvements in river environmental conditions clearly favored the presence of Hydropsyche pellucidula and Cheumatopsyche lepida at the expense of the other hydropsychid species. In spite of all monitored environmental improvements and macroinvertebrate positive responses, the need for additional mitigation measures was evident, particularly to reduce high turbidity levels and sedimentation of fine inorganic matter negatively affecting benthic macroinvertebrates downstream from the industrial effluent. Overall, it is concluded that the multimetric approach is an effective technique to assess macroinvertebrate responses to mitigation measures in river ecosystems.     

Ecological traits of benthic assemblages in shallow Antarctic waters: does ice scour disturbance select for small, mobile, secondary consumers with high dispersal potential?

Benthic communities in nearshore habitats around Antarctica are strongly influenced by ice disturbance. It has been suggested that where ice scour disturbance is severe, the relative importance of certain ecological groups is elevated. I examined the relative contributions of mobility, size, feeding strategy and development mode groups to total faunal abundance and species richness in relation to ice disturbance at Adelaide Island, West Antarctic Peninsula. The contributions of ecological groups were assessed along a depth/disturbance gradient from 5 to 25 m depth at two sites. At one site, the relative abundance of the low mobility group was significantly greater at low disturbance levels, whilst the relative abundance of the high dispersal group (taxa with pelagic larvae) was elevated at high disturbance levels. At the other site, the relative abundance of secondary consumers was greater at high disturbance levels. Even over small spatial scales, certain ecological traits seem advantageous to a fauna shaped by intense, catastrophic ice scour.     

Variation in species composition and diversity of wetland communities under different disturbance intensity in the Sanjiang plain

In this study, ditch density was chosen as an indicator of disturbance intensity, and four sites with different ditch density were chosen to compare species composition and diversity among them. Four transects and sixty-seven quadrats were sampled along the ditch density gradient. The results showed that there existed a significant negative relationship between disturbance intensity and species parameters, while species diversity did not differ greatly among sites, but species composition varied considerably. With increasing disturbance intensity, the wetlands tended to be reduced in plant species diversity, and an increasing loss of indigenous wetland species was paralleled with an increasing invasion of upland species. The results also show that the rate of species turnover within communities differed among communities under different disturbance intensities. The communities with intermediate ditch density (0.6-1.2 km/km²) had higher rates than the other communities.     

三江平原不同强度干扰下湿地植物群落的物种组成和多样性变化

以三江平原湿地-农田景观中沟渠的密度作为反映干扰强度的指标,研究了不同沟渠密度下湿地斑块植物群落的物种组成和多样性变化.结果表明:(1)在不同的干扰强度下,湿地植物群落的物种组成差异很大, 随干扰强度增大,原有湿生物种减少,而中湿生、中生物种显著增加;(2)湿地植物群落的多样性随干扰强度的增大,整体上呈降低趋势,群落多样性在中等沟渠密度下(0.6～1.2km/km2)达到最大,但不同沟渠密度下群落间多样性差异基本不显著;(3)位点间的干扰强度差异越大,Whittaker指数值越高;(4)不同的干扰强度下,各湿地斑块内部的物种周转速率同样在沟渠密度中等(0.6～1.2km/km2)时最高.     

Ocean-scale patterns of 'biodiversity' of Atlantic asteroids determined from taxonomic distinctness and other measures

We examine patterns of ‘gamma’ (within-rcgion) and ‘beta’ (between-region) diversity from analysis of a presence/absence dataset for species of asteroids encompassing the whole Atlantic Ocean partitioned into 26 regions. Absolute species numbers (a poor measure of biodiversity) in shallow coastal areas and the deep sea are the same, although species richness per area for two well-sampled regions suggests, qualitatively, that coastal areas may be more speciose. Taxonomic distinctness (A*), an index which is markedly less sample-size dependent than other common diversity measures, shows no significant association with geographic area and no clear pattern with depth, suggesting an absence of latitudinal and coastal/deep trends. Cluster analysis shows that distinctive faunal assemblages are most evident in shelf/ shallow waters, where six groupings separate recognizably acccording to geographical location. Three of these arc the southernmost regions of the Atlantic (southeast of S. America, S. Angola/S. Africa & Tristan da Cunha/Gough Island) and arc characterized by their isolation and high levels of endemism. As depth increases so does the amount of faunal similarity between regions. This indicates that beta diversity is highest in shelf regions and lowest in lower bathyal/abyssal regions. Our results may support the contention which questions the emerging paradigm that the deep sea has exceptionally high diversity. It is evident, however, that comparisons (e.g. between coasts and the deep sea) are problematic and can depend very much on the element(s) of biodiversity measured, sampling methods and the spatial scales (e.g. alpha, beta or gamma diversity) over which assessment is made. Any wider conclusions should therefore be drawn cautiously, particularly since assessment is made of only one faunal group. Other findings include significant correlation between the depth range of asteroids and their geographical range. The utility of low-resolution datasets is reviewed. It is concluded that within limitations they can be of value for determining broad (e.g. regional, ocean-scale and global-scale) patterns of diversity and community structure, especially when analysed using measures relatively uninfluenced by sample size.     

城市化对杭州市湿地水鸟群落的影响研究

１９９７年１２月￣１９９８年１１月,对杭州市区６类湿地１７９个术方中水鸟的分布和数量进行了调查,同时选取１１个栖息地参数进行分析。以确定影响杭州市湿地水鸟群落的主要因子;并提出了城市化综合指数可作为衡量城市化的指标,进一步分析了城市化与杭州市湿地水鸟群落的关系。结果显示,除了食物、水质和水深等因素外,景观水平和干扰的因素（湿地的形状、周转建筑的比例、湿地的连通性、至市中心的距离、噪音、人的有形干扰     

Assessment of turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum ex Banks Konig) community structure in a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

Tropical turtle grass beds (Thalassia testudinum) were investigated in an UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in St. Johns Island, United States Virgin Islands. Four coastal bays were studied to assess floral characteristics, benthic invertebrate density and secondary production. These bays varied with respect to oceanic exposure and anthropogenic stresses. Results indicate that Coral Bay Harbor, the most anthropogenetically impacted site, had the highest T. testudinum biomass, but the lowest floral diversity. Its faunal community was dominated by small polychaetes with significantly lower secondary production. The most protected site (Hurricane Hole) maintained the highest floral and faunal species richness, faunal density, faunal diversity, and secondary production. The other two bays, Great Lameshur and Little Lameshur, demonstrated intermediate plant biomass and species richness, faunal density and secondary production. Each of these bays, however, had high oceanic exposure due to their orientation which also demonstrated a sediment size shift to larger particles compared to the other sites. One unique finding was a significant increase in the shoot:root ratio in Little Lameshur where green turtle (Chelonia mydas) grazing was frequently observed, suggesting a potential top-down structuring force in this bay.     

Correlates of Zooplankton Beta Diversity in Tropical Lake Systems

The changes in species composition between habitat patches (beta diversity) are likely related to a number of factors, including environmental heterogeneity, connectivity, disturbance and productivity. Here, we used data from aquatic environments in five Brazilian regions over two years and two seasons (rainy and dry seasons or high and low water level periods in floodplain lakes) in each year to test hypotheses underlying zooplankton beta diversity variation. The regions present different levels of hydrological connectivity, where three regions present lakes that are permanent and connected with the main river, while the water bodies of the other two regions consist of permanent lakes and temporary ponds, with no hydrological connections between them. We tested for relationships between zooplankton beta diversity and environmental heterogeneity, spatial extent, hydrological connectivity, seasonality, disturbance and productivity. Negative relationships were detected between zooplankton beta diversity and both hydrological connectivity and disturbance (periodic dry-outs). Hydrological connectivity is likely to affect beta diversity by facilitating dispersal between habitats. In addition, the harsh environmental filter imposed by disturbance selected for only a small portion of the species from the regional pool that were able to cope with periodic dry-outs (e.g., those with a high production of resting eggs). In summary, this study suggests that faunal exchange and disturbance play important roles in structuring local zooplankton communities.     

马尾松人工林郁闭度对大型土壤动物功能群的影响

将土壤动物分为捕食性、腐食性、杂食性、食木性和菌食性5个功能群,研究马尾松人工林各功能群大型土壤动物随郁闭度(0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9)的变化.结果表明: 1)各郁闭度马尾松人工林大型土壤动物以腐食性个体比例最高,类群上以杂食性和食木性为主.2)马尾松人工林大型捕食性土壤动物个体数、类群数和食木性类群数在0.5～0.6郁闭度下无显著变化,在0.6～0.9郁闭度下显著降低.3)随郁闭度增大,枯落物层捕食性土壤动物个体和类群数显著减少,5～10 cm层腐食性土壤动物个体数呈不规则的波动变化.食木性土壤动物个体数随土层加深而增多,且在枯落层其类群数及5～10 cm层个体和类群数随郁闭度增大而显著减少.4)不同郁闭度下,除食木性土壤动物功能群Pielou均匀度无显著差异外,食木性和腐食性土壤动物各多样性指标均差异显著;捕食性土壤动物仅Simpson优势度指数在0.5～0.8郁闭度下无显著变化,在0.8～0.9郁闭度下显著降低.5)典范对应分析(CCA)显示,不同郁闭度马尾松人工林大型土壤动物功能群主要受土壤容重和含水量的影响.含水量对腐食性土壤动物个体数影响较大,食木性、捕食性土壤动物受土壤容重影响,捕食性土壤动物Simpson优势度指数受土壤pH和全磷影响.大型土壤动物功能群结构在0.7郁闭度下相对稳定,有利于马尾松人工林地力维持和生态功能的发挥.