~(12)C~(6 )注入小麦种子胚乳引起M_1代的变化

通过控制单核能大小 ,将 1 2 C离子注入小麦种子胚乳 ,结果引起 M1 代植株的较大变化。这些变化包括 :生物学性状的变异 ;根尖细胞染色体畸变率和微核率的显著提高 ;POD酶活性显著提高和 CAT酶活性、MDA含量和蛋白质含量的较大程度的下降等。本文也讨论了诱变胚乳对胚作用的可能机理     

冬小麦不同生育时期水分亏缺胁迫对叶片保护酶系统的影响

利用盆栽试验研究了施Ｎ（底肥）与不施Ｎ条件下冬小麦不同生育时期水分有限亏缺对叶片保护酶系统的影响,结果表明,在无底肥条件下,３个生育时期水分亏缺均使保护酶系统活性有所降低,而在有底肥时酶活性多数则升高,各保护酶活性与ＭＤＡ相关分析表明,苗期ＳＯＤ活性与ＭＤＡ呈极显著负相关;拔节却是ＰＯＤ活性与ＭＤＡ呈极显著负相关;在灌浆期ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ、ＣＡＴ与ＭＤＡ含量均无显著相关性,但ＭＤＡ在叶片中累积至较高水平。各生育期水分处理叶片绿素含量与ＭＤＡ含量达极显著负相关。这些说明在不同生育时期,受水分亏缺和供的,保护酶系统各酶的变化有明显差异。其生理作用也有差异。     

多胺对水稻CMS系及其保持系幼穗蛋白质、核酸和活性氧代谢的影响

用ＤＡｒｇ＋ ＭＧＢＧ 处理保持系, 降低花粉可育度, 并使其幼穗中蛋白质、ＤＮＡ 和ＲＮＡ含量以及蛋白酶、ＲＮＡ 酶和ＤＮＡ 酶活性下降,使Ｏ－·２ 生成速率和ＭＤＡ 含量上升。Ｐｕｔ＋ Ｓｐｄ ＋ Ｓｐｍ 可消除或部分消除ＤＡｒｇ ＋ＭＧＢＧ的上述效应（ 对酶活性的影响除外） 。ＤＡｒｇ ＋ ＭＧＢＧ 也使ＰＯＤ、ＳＯＤ 和ＣＡＴ活性上升, 但是,多胺只能降低抑制剂对ＰＯＤ 的刺激作用。用Ｐｕｔ＋ Ｓｐｄ ＋ Ｓｐｍ 处理不育系, 使花粉可育度轻度提高, 并使其幼穗蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ 含量略有上升,使蛋白酶、ＤＮＡ酶和ＲＮＡ 酶活性、Ｏ－·２ 生成速率、ＭＤＡ 含量、ＳＯＤ 和ＣＡＴ活性下降, 使ＰＯＤ 活性上升     

干旱期间春小麦叶片多胺含量与作物抗旱性的关系

使用两种抵制剂ＭＧＢＧ（抑制ＳＡＭＤＣ活性）和ＡＯＡ（抑制ＡＣＣ合成酶活性）研究了干旱期间两个春小麦品种８１３９（抗旱性较弱）和５０４（抗旱性较强）叶片多胺（Ｐｕｔ、Ｓｐｄ和Ｓｐｍ）含量、ＲＷＣ水平、ＳＯＤ和ＰＯＤ活性以及ＭＤＡ含量的变化,并由此探讨了不同类别多胺与作物抗旱性的关系以及多胺与乙烯在作物对干旱胁迫响应过程中对共同前体ＳＡＭ的竞争趋向及其生理意义。     

表油菜素内酯对绿豆幼叶衰老的促进作用

表油菜素内酯（ｅｐｉＢＲ）０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ能促进绿豆幼叶的衰老,其叶绿素和蛋白质含量均明显低于对照。绿豆幼叶经ｅｐｉＢＲ处理后,可使过氧化物酶活性明显增加,但同工酶谱无变化;超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性随ｅｐｉＢＲ处理时间的延长而降低。ｅｐｉＢＲ能促进丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量增加,而其含量与ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性是显著负相关。     

表油菜素内酯对绿豆幼叶衰老的促进作用

表油菜素内酯（ｅｐｉＢＲ）０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ能促进绿豆幼叶的衰老,其叶绿素和蛋白质含量均低于对照。绿豆幼叶经ｅｐｉＢＲ处理后,可使过氧化物酶活性明显增加,但同工酶谱无变化;超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性随ｅｐｉＢＲ处理时间的延长而降低。ｅｐｉＢＲ能促进丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量增加,而其含量与ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性呈显著负相关。     

PRO－LONG涂膜处理对后熟香蕉果实乙烯形成以及其它有关生理变化的影响

香蕉（ＭｕｓａａｃｕｍｉｎａｔａＣｏｌｌａｃｖ．ＤｗａｒｆＣａｖｅｎｄｉｓｈ）果实采后以商业上推荐使用的１．５％Ｐｒｏ－ｌｏｎｇ溶液处理,贮藏于２０℃和７５％相对湿度下,分别测定果实的ＡＣＣ含量、ＭＡＣＣ含量、ＥＦＥ酶活性、乙烯释放、叶绿素含量的变化和果实的硬度变化．结果表明,ＰＲＯ－ＬＯＮＧ处理延缓了香蕉果实果皮的叶绿素降解、硬度的下降以及乙烯释放的增加．在后熟过程中,处理果实的ＡＣＣ含量发生积累．ＡＣＣ含量的高峰在乙烯释放高峰和ＥＦＥ酶活性高峰之前出现．与对照比较,处理果实的ＡＣＣ含量和ＥＦＥ酶活性的高峰延迟了５ｄ出现．在后熟过程中,以Ｐｒｏ－ｌｏｎｇ处理果肉四片,其ＥＦＥ酶活性受部分抑制（抑制率为１９．４５％至４０．５１％）．果实ＭＡＣＣ含量在贮藏起初处于一个较显著水平,随着后熟的发展而逐步增加,但与ＡＣＣ含量的明显增加相比变化是微小的．我们的研究进一步阐明了ＰＲＯ－ＬＯＮＧ涂膜对香蕉果实后熟的影响主要是通过减少氧的供给,部分地抑制了ＥＦＥ酶活性,延缓了乙烯的形成和释放,从而延长了后熟过程．     

NaCl胁迫对螺旋藻生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

在０１％～５．０％ＮａＣｌ浓度范围的培养基中培养极大螺旋藻（Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａｍａｘｉｍａ）,发现ＮａＣｌ浓度高于２．０％时螺旋藻生长受到明显抑制。培养７天后测定超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＳＡＰＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量。结果表明：在盐胁迫下,ＳＯＤ酶活性升高;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性在低盐胁迫下活性升高,高盐胁迫下抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性迅速降低,过氧化物酶则完全失活;ＭＤＡ含量先随盐胁迫程度增加而降低,后随盐胁迫的进一步增强恢复至对照水平。     

多胺对水稻CMS系及其保持系幼穗蛋白质,核酸和活性氧代谢的影响

用Ｄ－Ａｒｇ＋ＭＧＢＧ处理保持系,降低花粉可育度,并使其幼穗中蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ含量以及蛋白酶、ＲＮＡ酶和ＤＮＡ酶活性下降,使Ｏ２生成速率和ＭＤＡ含量上升。Ｐｕｔ＋Ｓｐｄ＋Ｓｐｍ有除或部分消除Ｄ－Ａｒｇ＋ＭＧＢＧ的上述效应（对酶活性的除外）。Ｄ－Ａｒｇ＋ＭＧＢＧ也使ＰＯＤ、ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性上升,但是,用Ｐｏｔ＋Ｓｐｄ＋Ｓｐｍ处理不育系,使花粉可育度轻度提高,并使其幼穗蛋白质、ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ含     

NADP—苹果酸酶活性变化及其在CAM运行中的调节

ＮＡＤＰ－苹果酸酶是ＣＡＭ植物一种重要脱羧酶。实验结果表明,专一ＣＡＭ植物瓦松和兼性ＣＡＭ植物长药景天及露花其ＮＡＤＰ－苹果酸酶活性昼高夜低;５－８月,兼性ＣＡＭ植物长药景天和露花随着Ｃ３光合型向ＣＡＤ型转化,其中ＮＡＤＰ－苹果酸活活性逐渐升高。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism