共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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果实成熟及其基因调控 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
果实成熟是指果实停止生长后在果实内部产生一系列生理生化变化而导致果实成为可食性状态的过程。从外观上看,果实成熟表现为绿色消失,表征果实特点的色素显现,质地变软,芳香味散发。过分成熟的果实其表皮和内部常出现生理病变（如褐变等）,易为真菌或细菌感染,不宜... 相似文献
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控制果实成熟的植物基因工程研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
八十年代以来植物基因发展日新月异,并取得重要成果,１９９４年５月２１日Ｃａｌｇｅｎｅ Ｉｎｃ公司的Ｆｌａｖｅ Ｓａｖｒ＾ＴＭ的番茄成为获准在美国出售的第一种遗传工程完整食品,这标志着利用基因要实的成熟已进入产业化阶段,具有广阔的应用前景和巨大的经济效益。 相似文献
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ｒｉｎ番茄突变体的乙烯生成和果实成熟均受到抑制 ,除此之外还表现萼片增大和花序决定性丧失。尽管该突变体维持良好的乙烯敏感性 ,但果实成熟却不能被外源乙烯诱导 ,这暗示ＲＩＮ基因编码的产物同时调控依赖于和不依赖于乙烯的成熟过程。作者先前的研究已表明ｒｉｎ位点定位于番茄第 5染色体。本文报道通过定位克隆发现ｒｉｎ位点上存在两个串联的ＭＡＤＳ盒基因 ,分别定名为ＬｅＭＡＤＳ＿ＲＩＮ和ＬｅＭＡＤＳ＿ＭＣ ,前者调控果实成熟过程而后者则影响萼片先育和花序决定性。这两个基因的功能通过正义转化ｒｉｎ番茄和反义转化野生型番… 相似文献
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果实成熟的基因工程研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
乙烯是催化果实成熟的内源植物激素。本文简要介绍用植物基因工程的手段分离和鉴定出乙烯合成和果实成熟有关的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、ＡＣＣ氧化酶、ＡＣＣ合酶及ＡＣＣ脱氨酶的基因。并利用反意ＲＮＡ技术将它们的反意ＲＮＡ转入番茄中,得到了相应的反意转基因植株和果实,实现了在基因水平上对果实成熟的调控,开辟了植物育种的新途径。 相似文献
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Vishwas A. Bapat Prabodh K. Trivedi Antara Ghosh Vidhu A. Sane Thumballi R. Ganapathi Pravendra Nath 《Biotechnology advances》2010
Development and ripening in fruit is a unique phase in the life cycle of higher plants which encompasses several stages progressively such as fruit development, its maturation, ripening and finally senescence. During ripening phase, several physiological and biochemical changes take place through differential expression of various genes that are developmentally regulated. Expression and/or suppression of these genes contribute to various changes in the fruit that make it visually attractive and edible. However, in fleshy fruit massive losses accrue during post harvest handling of the fruit which may run into billions of dollars worldwide. This encouraged scientists to look for various ways to save these losses. Genetic engineering appears to be the most promising and cost effective means to prevent these losses. Most fleshy fruit ripen in the presence of ethylene and once ripening has been initiated proceeds uncontrollably. Ethylene evokes several responses during ripening through a signaling cascade and thousands of genes participate which not only sets in ripening but also responsible for its spoilage. Slowing down post ripening process in fleshy fruit has been the major focus of ripening-related research. In this review article, various developments that have taken place in the last decade with respect to identifying and altering the function of ripening-related genes have been described. Role of ethylene and ethylene-responsive genes in ripening of fleshy fruit is also included. Taking clues from the studies in tomato as a model fruit, few case studies are reviewed. 相似文献
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Ethylene and Fruit Ripening 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
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Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a series of significant physiology roles in higher plants including but not limited to promote bud and seed dormancy, accelerate foliage fall, induce stomatal closure, inhibit growth and enhance resistance. Recently, it has been revealed that ABA also has an important regulator role in the growth, development and ripening of fruit. In higher plants ABA is produced from an indirect pathway from the cleavage products of carotenoids. The accumulation of endogenous ABA levels in plants is a dynamic balance controlled by the processes of biosynthesis and catabolism, through the regulation of key ABA biosynthetic gene and enzyme activities. It has been hypothesized that ABA levels could be part of the signal that trigger fruit ripening, and that ABA may play an important role in the regulation of ripening and senescence of both non-climacteric and climacteric fruit. The expensive costs of natural ABA and labile active ABA for its chemical synthesis limit its application in scientific research and agricultural production. These findings that ABA has various of important roles in the regulation of growth and development, quality formation, coloring and softening, ripening and senescence of fruit, are providing opportunities and challenges for Horticultural Science. This is to elucidate the specific mechanism of response and biosynthesis, signal transduction, and receptor recognition of ABA in fruit, employing comprehensive research methods, such as molecular biology, plant physiology and molecular genetics. Further and more in-depth research about ABA has a great, realistic significance for knowing the mechanisms behind the process of fruit ripening. 相似文献
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In surface cell layers of fleshy fruit, antioxidants must limit photooxidative reactions that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in high light. Our objective was to measure changes in the concentrations of antioxidant metabolites and pigments, and the activities of enzymes of the Mehler-peroxidase, ascorbate-glutathione cycle in fruit exocarp tissue under non-stress conditions of the following fruit-specific tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.=Solanum lycopersicum) mutants and their parent: (1) beta-carotene (B), (2) high pigment (hp-1), (3) ripening inhibitor (rin), and (4) the nearly isogenic wild-type 'Rutgers'. Developmental variables included days after anthesis (DAA) and fruit surface color. The highest total ascorbic acid (AsA) concentration was in the exocarp of immature green fruit of hp-1, being 32% higher than 'Rutgers'. The hp-1 mutant also had the highest chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations, comprised mostly of lycopene in red ripe fruit; whereas, beta-carotene comprised 90% of the carotenoids in B. Although enzyme activities varied within genotype, they generally increased with development, then decreased as fruit maturity was reached, being coupled with AsA and glutathione (GSH) concentrations. In all mutants, dark-green (DG) exocarp had more chlorophyll and protein, higher concentrations of reduced AsA and GSH, and usually lower enzyme activities than light-green (LG) exocarp taken from the same fruit. 相似文献
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Athanassios Molassiotis Georgia Tanou Panagiota Filippou Vasileios Fotopoulos 《Proteomics》2013,13(12-13):1871-1884
Fruit tree crops are agricultural commodities of high economic importance, while fruits also represent one of the most vital components of the human diet. Therefore, a great effort has been made to understand the molecular mechanisms covering fundamental biological processes in fruit tree physiology and fruit biology. Thanks to the development of cutting‐edge “omics” technologies such as proteomic analysis, scientists now have powerful tools to support traditional fruit tree research. Such proteomic analyses are establishing high‐density 2DE reference maps and peptide mass fingerprint databases that can lead fruit science into a new postgenomic research era. Here, an overview of the application of proteomics in key aspects of fruit tree physiology as well as in fruit biology, including defense responses to abiotic and biotic stress factors, is presented. Α panoramic view of ripening‐related proteins is also discussed, as an example of proteomic application in fruit science. 相似文献
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Vera Hershkovitz Haya Friedman Eliezer E. Goldschmidt Oleg Feygenberg Edna Pesis 《Journal of plant physiology》2009,166(17):1855-1862
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F. Paul Silverman Peter D. Petracek Michael R. Noll Prem Warrior 《Plant Growth Regulation》2004,43(2):153-161
Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) inhibits 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, and thus blocks ethylene synthesis. Preharvest foliar application of AVG to apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit retards several key events of maturation including climacteric ethylene production, starch conversion to sugars, fruit softening, and abscission zone development. Although the impact of AVG on apple fruit maturation is well known, the biochemical basis of these effects is not well understood. The effects of AVG application on Redchief Delicious apple fruit maturation were studied. AVG applied four weeks prior to harvest significantly reduced internal ethylene levels, amylose degradation, and accumulation of sucrose, glucose, and sorbitol. Because AVG application coincidentally inhibited starch degradation and the increase in internal ethylene, we investigated the enzymatic basis of starch mobilization in apple fruit. Amylase activity was somewhat reduced in AVG-treated fruit. Amylase activity was less in AVG-treated fruit during the early stages of starch mobilization. Starch phosphorylase activity increased dramatically during the later stages of starch mobilization, but was not affected by AVG treatment. Soluble starch synthase activity was also unaffected by AVG treatment and remained constant throughout the eight-week harvest period. Moreover, AVG did not affect the levels of amylopectin, fructose, malate, ascorbate, citrate, or anthocyanin. These results suggest that apple fruit ripening has both ethylene-dependent and -independent processes occurring simultaneously. 相似文献
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Andrade Jde M Toledo TT Nogueira SB Cordenunsi BR Lajolo FM do Nascimento JR 《Journal of Proteomics》2012,75(11):3331-3341
A comparative proteomic investigation between the pre-climacteric and climacteric mango fruits (cv. Keitt) was performed to identify protein species with variable abundance during ripening. Proteins were phenol-extracted from fruits, cyanine-dye-labeled, and separated on 2D gels at pH 4-7. Total spot count of about 373 proteins spots was detected in each gel and forty-seven were consistently different between pre-climacteric and climacteric fruits and were subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. Functional classification revealed that protein species involved in carbon fixation and hormone biosynthesis decreased during ripening, whereas those related to catabolism and the stress-response, including oxidative stress and abiotic and pathogen defense factors, accumulated. In relation to fruit quality, protein species putatively involved in color development and pulp softening were also identified. This study on mango proteomics provides an overview of the biological processes that occur during ripening. 相似文献
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