细菌双杂交系统的应用和改进

细菌双杂交系统是新近建立的一种研究蛋白质间相互作用的方法。应用细菌双杂交系统可以研究环境因子对固氮调节蛋白NifL和NifA相互作用的影响。但实验结果中发现有假阳性的干扰。对照组大肠杆菌DHP1（cya^-）菌株,只含有产生T18－NifL或T25-NifL一种融合蛋白的质粒,也可导致菌株β－半乳糖苷酶活性的上升或生长在MacConkey/麦芽糖平板上菌落呈浅红色的假阳性结果。改用薄层层析法检测菌体抽出液中特异性的钙调蛋白依赖型腺苷酸环化酶活性,结果显示这一改进可排除细菌双杂交系统中可能出现的假阳性。     

细菌双杂交系统及其在病原微生物学中的应用

细菌双杂交系统是一种用于体内研究蛋白质之间相互作用的有力工具。近年来,新的细菌双杂交系统被不断地开发,并被广泛地应用于病原微生物基因产物功能和致病机制研究。本文主要就细菌双杂交系统的原理与分类,在对病原微生物蛋白质之间相互作用的识别与作用域作图、基因组范围的蛋白质之间相互作用图谱的描绘、基因工程和药物的开发中的应用以及其优缺点等方面进行综述。     

发展中的酵母杂交体系

酵母杂交体系包括双杂交、反向双杂交和三杂交等体系。双杂交作为一种新兴的体内研究蛋白质之间相互作用的方法,已经得到了广泛的应用。而反向双杂交和三杂交系统是在双杂交基础上发展起来的两种新技术。反向双杂交除了筛选突变株,以获取蛋白质结合的信息外,还能发现可导致已知蛋白质间特异相互作用发生解离的肽类或其他小分子物质,进一步分析蛋白质间作用位点、调控。三杂交系统则在蛋白质与小分子配基之间以及多种蛋白质之间相     

报告基因技术及其在土壤质量监测中的应用

报告基因包括lux、gfp、lacZ、inaZ、luc、cat、xylE及uidA等,其中土壤质量监测中最常用的报告基因有lux、gfp、lacZ和inaZ 4种.从不同角度比较了土壤质量监测中最常用的上述4种报告基因,简要阐述了应用于土壤质量监测中的微生物监测报告基因的定义、类别、性质及特点,展示了报告基因表达系统的构建方式与检测方法,总结了报告基因技术在监测土壤重金属、污染物质、营养物质等化学物质以及在土壤微生物及其活动、土壤根际微生物与土壤中原生动物、植物间的相互作用等方面的应用.讨论了目前报告基因技术应用的局限性及未来研究方向和重点.     

大规模酵母双杂交技术研究蛋白质相互作用的应用

简介了酵母双杂交技术原理, 总结了酵母双杂交技术大规模筛选蛋白质相互作用的基础、应用及存在的问题。因为大规模酵母双杂交技术结果有大量假阳性及假阴性问题, 因此, 有条件情况下有必要同时开展其他方法的大规模蛋白相互作用研究, 以构建规模更大可信度更高的蛋白质相互作用网络图。     

酵母双杂交筛选人乳腺cDNA文库中与Gankyrin相互作用的蛋白

目的：应用酵母双杂交技术,筛选与Gankyrin有相互作用的蛋白质。方法：应用酵母双杂交系统,以Gankyrin基因全长为诱饵,在人乳腺cDNA文库中筛选能与Gankyrin相互作用的蛋白质,并运用营养缺陷型培养基和X-α-Gal等实验提供的信息,筛除假阳性克隆。结果：以Gankyrin为诱饵筛选出了5个阳性克隆,对其中一个蛋白质RhoGDI2与Gankyrin进行了免疫共沉淀与GSTpull-down实验验证,证实了它们的相互作用。结论：Gankyrin能与RhoGDI2发生相互作用,在此基础上,可以开展Gankyrin调控肿瘤发生机制的研究。     

应用酵母双杂交筛选与CUEDC2相互作用的蛋白质

目的：应用酵母双杂交技术,筛选与包含CUE结构域的人CUEDC2发生相互作用的蛋白质。方法：应用酵母双杂交系统,以CUEDC2为诱饵筛选人乳腺cDNA文库,寻找能与之相互作用的蛋白质,并运用营养缺陷型培养和X-alpha-Gal等实验提供的信息,筛除假阳性克隆。结果：以CUEDC2为诱饵最终筛出了2个阳性克隆,经测序及生物信息学分析,这2个克隆同为GADD34。结论：CUEDC2可以和GADD34发生相互作用,它们的相互作用有可能与CUEDC2的功能调控相关。     

酵母双杂交技术研究与人孕酮受体B相互作用的蛋白质

应用酵母双杂交技术研究与人孕酮受体B（hPRB）发生相互作用的蛋白质,有助于进一步阐明其在乳腺癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用的调控机制。应用酵母双杂交系统3,以hPRB不同结构域为诱饵,筛选人乳腺cDNA文库,寻找能与之相互作用的蛋白质,并运用X—α—Gal等实验提供的信息,筛除假阳性克隆。最终以AF1-DBD结构域作为诱饵最终筛出了1个阳性克隆,经测序及生物信息学分析,这个克隆所编码的蛋白为PIAS3（活化的STAT3的蛋白抑制剂）。结果表明,孕激素受体可以和PIAS3发生相互作用,它们的相互作用有可能参与乳腺癌的生长调控。     

大肠杆菌yigP基因转录调控序列的鉴定

【目的】调查yigP基因启动子的活性,并对该转录调控序列进行分析。【方法】以lacZ为报告基因,克隆启动子片段至启动子探针质粒中,通过检测β-半乳糖苷酶活性判断启动子活性,并通过克隆一系列逐步缩短的启动子片段来确定启动子所在区域。利用定点突变技术,对启动子的重要序列进行定点突变,调查其对启动子活性的影响。【结果】确定了yigP基因启动子的区域,鉴定了启动子的-10区和-35区,并发现了启动子上游存在一个负调控序列,对该序列进行了初步的研究显示其中部分序列是这种负调控作用的核心序列。【结论】对yigP基因的转录调控序列进行了鉴定,丰富了我们对基因转录调控的认识。     

大规模的酵母双杂交系统在蛋白质相互作用组图谱中的应用

蛋白质-蛋白质之间的相互作用是蛋白质发挥其功能的重要途径之一。通过研究蛋白质组中所有蛋白质之间的相互作用做出蛋白质相互作用对图谱是功能基因组时代许多科学家关注的问题,而大规模的酵母双杂交系统是蛋白质相互作用对图谱的研究中应用较为广泛的策略。近两年来该策略最具代表的实例是用它进行酵母中所有蛋白之间相互作用的检查。但是巨大的蛋白质网络比我们想象要大得多,单一的双杂交系统不能解决所有问题,需要同其它的方法有效地结合。     

细菌双杂交系统的优化及其应用

细菌双杂交系统是一种用于检测体内蛋白质互作的方法,该方法互补腺苷酸环化酶功能,通过检测细胞表达的β-半乳糖苷酶LacZ的活性,分析蛋白质互作能力.但在应用过程中,发现存在操作繁琐、灵敏度低、难实现高通量操作等缺陷.本研究目的是对原有细菌双杂交进行优化,建立一种操作方便、可批量操作、具有较高灵敏度和能够实现实时监测的细菌...     

细菌双杂交筛选大豆GmWNK1互作蛋白系统的建立及应用

本研究利用大肠杆菌双杂交系统构建了一个高质量的大豆根系cDNA文库,同时利用大肠杆菌双杂交表达载体pBT构建了融合表达质粒pBT．GmWNK1,经酶切和测序鉴定、诱饵融合蛋白的表达检测及诱饵融合蛋白的自激活鉴定后作为诱饵,从大豆根部cDNA文库中筛选与GmWNK1发生互作的蛋白质,共获得18个阳性克隆。经测序和同源性比对发现,有10个阳性克隆编码已知蛋白,8个为假阳性。研究结果为揭示WNK基因家族的生物学功能和调控机制提供了重要的参考数据和研究材料。     

A combined yeast/bacteria two-hybrid system: development and evaluation

Two-hybrid screening is a standard method used to identify and characterize protein-protein interactions and has become an integral component of many proteomic investigations. The two-hybrid system was initially developed using yeast as a host organism. However, bacterial two-hybrid systems have also become common laboratory tools and are preferred in some circumstances, although yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems have never been directly compared. We describe here the development of a unified yeast and bacterial two-hybrid system in which a single bait expression plasmid is used in both organismal milieus. We use a series of leucine zipper fusion proteins of known affinities to compare interaction detection using both systems. Although both two-hybrid systems detected interactions within a comparable range of interaction affinities, each demonstrated unique advantages. The yeast system produced quantitative readout over a greater dynamic range than that observed with bacteria. However, the phenomenon of "autoactivation" by baits was less of a problem in the bacterial system than in the yeast. Both systems identified physiological interactors for a library screen with a cI-Ras test bait; however, non-identical interactors were obtained in yeast and bacterial screens. The ability to rapidly shift between yeast and bacterial systems provided by these new reagents should provide a marked advantage for two-hybrid investigations. In addition, the modified expression vectors we describe in this report should be useful for any application requiring facile expression of a protein of interest in both yeast and bacteria.     

Genomic Libraries and a Host Strain Designed for Highly Efficient Two-Hybrid Selection in Yeast

The two-hybrid system is a powerful technique for detecting protein-protein interactions that utilizes the well-developed molecular genetics of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the full potential of this technique has not been realized due to limitations imposed by the components available for use in the system. These limitations include unwieldy plasmid vectors, incomplete or poorly designed two-hybrid libraries, and host strains that result in the selection of large numbers of false positives. We have used a novel multienzyme approach to generate a set of highly representative genomic libraries from S. cerevisiae. In addition, a unique host strain was created that contains three easily assayed reporter genes, each under the control of a different inducible promoter. This host strain is extremely sensitive to weak interactions and eliminates nearly all false positives using simple plate assays. Improved vectors were also constructed that simplify the construction of the gene fusions necessary for the two-hybrid system. Our analysis indicates that the libraries and host strain provide significant improvements in both the number of interacting clones identified and the efficiency of two-hybrid selections.     

Optical imaging fiber-based live bacterial cell array biosensor

A live cell array biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing bacterial cells on the face of an optical imaging fiber containing a high-density array of microwells. Each microwell accommodates a single bacterium that was genetically engineered to respond to a specific analyte. A genetically modified Escherichia coli strain, containing the lacZ reporter gene fused to the heavy metal-responsive gene promoter zntA, was used to fabricate a mercury biosensor. A plasmid carrying the gene coding for the enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) was also introduced into this sensing strain to identify the cell locations in the array. Single cell lacZ expression was measured when the array was exposed to mercury and a response to 100nM Hg(2+) could be detected after a 1-h incubation time. The optical imaging fiber-based single bacterial cell array is a flexible and sensitive biosensor platform that can be used to monitor the expression of different reporter genes and accommodate a variety of sensing strains.     

Interactions of Drosophila Ultrabithorax Regulatory Regions with Native and Foreign Promoters

The Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene of the Drosophila bithorax complex is required to specify parasegments 5 and 6. Two P-element ``enhancer traps' have been recovered within the locus that contain the bacterial lacZ gene under the control of the P-element promoter. The P insertion that is closer to the Ubx promoter expresses lacZ in a pattern similar to that of the normal Ubx gene, but also in parasegment 4 during embryonic development. Two deletions have been recovered that remove the normal Ubx promoter plus several kilobases on either side, but retain the lacZ reporter gene. The lacZ patterns from the deletion derivatives closely match the normal pattern of Ubx expression in late embryos and imaginal discs. The lacZ genes in the deletion derivatives are also negatively regulated by Ubx and activated in trans by Contrabithorax mutations, again like the normal Ubx gene. Thus, the deleted regions, including several kilobases around the Ubx promoter, are not required for long range interactions with Ubx regulatory regions. The deletion derivatives also stimulate transvection, a pairing-dependent interaction with the Ubx promoter on the homologous chromosome.