狂犬病病毒SRV9疫苗株糖蛋白核酸序列及抗原特性研究

狂犬病病毒SRV9株是经克隆获得的中等蚀斑口服弱毒疫苗候选株,具有安全和免疫原性较好等。本试验根据狂犬病病毒糖蛋白核苷酸5'末端和3'末端序列设计了一对引物,通过反转录－聚合酶链式反应（RT－PCR）分别扩增了SRV9及其母源株SAD B19糖蛋白的全长cDNA,测序结果表明,SRV9和SAD B19糖蛋白cDNA读框长1575bp,编码524氨基酸残基的多肽。通过和其母源株SAD B19核苷酸序列比较发现,SRV9析158,575,931位碱基分别出现了G→A,A→G和A→G的转换,相应地导致第53位,192位,311位氨基酸出现了Gly→Glu,His→Arg,Thr→Ala突变。和我国现行的和疫苗株ERA的核苷酸和氨基酸比较,有10个碱其不同,7个氨基酸发生改变。经Jameson-Wolf抗原表位优势图分析发现。SRV9在192位氨基酸的改变,导致该部位产生了一个新的潜在抗原位点。由于狂犬病病毒糖蛋白是诱导机体产生中和抗体唯一抗原,因此,上述氨基酸的改变可能与其特殊的蚀斑特性和其安全性提高有关。保持对毒株的氨基酸序列分析也是监测其特性的重要手段之一。     

狂犬病病毒SRV9疫苗株糖蛋白核酸序列及抗原特性研究

狂犬病病毒SRV     

狂犬病病毒SRV_9突变株的构建与拯救

为构建人工修饰的狂犬病病毒,首先用人细胞色素C基因替换狂犬病病毒SRV9株基因间隔区中的非必需区域Ψ区并缺失基因组全长cDNA的糖蛋白CD编码区,得到突变型SRV9cDNA质粒。然后,该质粒与表达野生型SRV9四种结构蛋白N、P、G和L的质粒共转染BHK-21细胞。免疫荧光试验显示转染细胞中有大量特异性荧光,电子显微镜观察可见大量典型的狂犬病病毒粒子。上述结果表明已成功地拯救出了人工修饰的狂犬病病毒。狂犬病病毒SRV9突变株的成功构建与拯救,为新型狂犬病减毒活疫苗的研究提供了重要的实验工具。     

狂犬病病毒aG株糖蛋白膜外区的原核表达及纯化

旨在有效检测狂犬病毒抗原及抗体。以狂犬病病毒aG株为模板,反转录扩增糖蛋白膜外区基因,并进行序列测定。将目的片段与表达载体pET-32a(+)分别双酶切、胶回收后相连并转化至Rosseta(DE3)菌株。选取阳性克隆经IPTG诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE和Western blotting及质谱鉴定。结果显示,在大肠杆菌中成功表达了糖蛋白膜外区。本研究为建立检测狂犬病毒抗原及抗体的ELISA诊断方法奠定了基础。     

伪狂犬病病毒湖北株糖蛋白gD基因的克隆及序列测定

According to the sequence of gD gene of PRV Rice strain, the primers of 22bp were designed.Using PRV genomic DNA of Hubei and Shuangcheng virus strains which infected BHK 21 cell separately as template, the gD gene of PRV was amplified sucessfully by PCR and cloned into pGEM T vector. Restriction enzyme analysis showed that the cloned gD gene at SmaⅠ,SalⅠ,KpnⅠ,PvuⅡ sites was the same as that of PRV Rice strain. The gD gene consisted of 1,263 nucleotides including an open reading frame spanning 1,197 nucleotieds which could encode a protein of 398 amino acids. The ORF didn′t include an amino acid sequence directing N linked glycosylation (NXT or NXS). Comparison of our complete Hubei strain gD gene sequence with the Rice strain gD gene sequence showed that the nucleotide and deduced amino acid homology were about 97% and there was an 12 basepair deletion in 835 846 nucleotide sites that coded Arg Pro Arg Pro. A region of the amino acid sequence and the positions of the cysteine residues of PRV HB gD were homologous to HSV I glycoprotein D. This work laid foundation for PRV gene immunization and studying PRV sub unit vaccine.     

狂犬病病毒颗粒的蛋白质组学分析

狂犬病病毒是一种囊膜RNA病毒,主要侵害中枢神经系统,引起人和哺乳动物致命性的脑脊髓炎。现有研究表明囊膜病毒颗粒从感染的细胞中出芽释放时会携带许多可能在病毒的复制过程中发挥重要作用的宿主蛋白。尽管先前已报道某些宿主蛋白可掺入到狂犬病病毒颗粒上,但还没有系统地鉴定狂犬病病毒颗粒上的蛋白质组成。为了理解病毒与宿主间的相互作用的分子机制,本研究在病毒培养和蔗糖密度梯度超离心纯化的基础上,采用蛋白质组学方法分析了纯化的狂犬病病毒颗粒(SRV9弱毒疫苗株)上的蛋白质组成。除了检测到狂犬病病毒编码的五个结构蛋白以外,我们还检测到了50个宿主编码的蛋白。按功能可将其分成十类:胞内转运蛋白(14%),分子伴侣(12%),细胞骨架蛋白(24%),信号转导蛋白(8%),转录调节蛋白(12%),钙离子结合蛋白(6%),酶结合蛋白(6%),代谢作用蛋白(2%),泛素化蛋白(2%),其他功能的蛋白(14%)。利用免疫印迹方法对病毒颗粒上的4个宿主蛋白(肌动蛋白,微管蛋白,微丝结合蛋白和热应激同源蛋白70)进行了验证。本研究首次鉴定了狂犬病病毒颗粒上的宿主蛋白组成,有助于进一步研究该病毒复制与感染机制。     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白在酿酒酵母中的表达

利用酿酒酵母表达系统表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白G,可获得大量无致病的抗原,为研究新型狂犬病疫苗提供条件.构建Tat-G融合基因,通过EcoR I和Xbd I酶切位点克隆至pYes2表达载体中,醋酸锂法转化酿酒酵母,URA3筛选鉴定阳性克隆,阳性重组子经半乳糖诱导20h后,提取蛋白,SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析鉴定融合蛋白.SDS-PAGE结果显示糖蛋白基因在酿酒酵母中可能表达为2种形式的蛋白,yGⅠ和yGⅡ,分子大小分别为66 kD和56 kD,Western blot显示在56 kD处有特异性条带.结合前人的研究成果,初步判断狂犬病病毒糖蛋白基因的跨膜TD区和膜内编码区对RV-G蛋白分子的正确折叠和免疫活性等有至关重要的影响,从而为进一步提高yGⅡ蛋白的表达奠定基础.     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白在大肠埃希菌中的表达及鉴定

目的表达狂犬病病毒糖蛋白（GP）,用于狂犬病疫苗免疫抗体评估和狂犬病病毒糖蛋白功能的研究。方法采用分析软件,分析其可能的抗原表位,利用PCR方法扩增狂犬病病毒SRV9疫苗株G蛋白抗原位点区域基因,PCR产物经EcoRI和SalI双酶切后,插入大肠埃希菌表达载体pGEX-6P-1,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-6P-1/G87a和pGEX-6P-1/G100a。将重组质粒转化大肠埃希菌BL21感受态细胞中,在IPTG诱导下表达目的蛋白,进行SDS-PAGE分析。表达蛋白进行电洗脱纯化和Western blot鉴定分析。结果成功构建了pGEX-6P-1/G87a和pGEX-6P-1/G100a表达质粒,序列分析表明,插入片段大小分别为1314 bp和1275 bp。SDS-PAGE分析结果证明,在大肠埃希菌系统中成功表达了狂犬病病毒部分糖蛋白,表达的融合蛋白含有GST标签,大小分别约为74×103和73×103。Western blot鉴定结果表明,表达产物有抗原特异性并能与狂犬病病毒抗血清反应。结论利用大肠埃希菌表达系统成功表达了狂犬病病毒部分糖蛋白,表达产物有良好的反应原性。     

狂犬病病毒糖蛋白的杆状病毒表达及其免疫原性研究

构建表达狂犬病病毒SRV9株糖蛋白(GP)的重组杆状病毒,评价其表达出的SRV9株糖蛋白对小鼠免疫效果。将狂犬病病毒SRV9株GP基因的完整开放阅读框克隆入穿梭质粒Bacmid中,构建重组穿梭质粒Bacmid-G,以此转染Sf9细胞。对病变细胞培养物进行电镜观察,获得正确重组杆状病毒后,通过Western-blot、IFA及小鼠免疫实验鉴定表达产物的免疫反应性及免疫原性。正确构建重组穿梭质粒Bacmid-G;获得表达SRV9株糖蛋白的重组杆状病毒,其表达产物具有良好免疫原性;表达产物接种小鼠可诱导其产生抗狂犬病病毒中和抗体,中和抗体达到保护水平的比例为100%。本实验所获得的重组杆状病毒表达出的SRV9株糖蛋白具有较好的免疫原性,可诱导小鼠产生保护性中和抗体,该实验为进一步开发狂犬病亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

用CaG株毒种制备精制狂犬病疫苗的研究

通过对狂犬病毒aG株在金黄地鼠肾细胞上传代培养,获得一种新型狂犬病毒毒株,即地鼠肾细胞适应株(CaG株)[1].由于该毒种具有生产方法简单,成本低廉,且外源因子污染机率小等优点,因此试用该毒种生产精制狂犬病疫苗.在相同条件下,分别用豚鼠脑毒种和细胞毒种各生产3批病毒原液,经相同纯化工艺制备成精制狂犬病疫苗.经初步检定用细胞毒种制备的疫苗安全性良好,疫苗免疫效价与豚鼠脑毒种疫苗无明显差异.     

狂犬疫苗糖蛋白ELISA定量分析方法的建立及验证

为狂犬疫苗生产质量控制建立简便、高效、精准的糖蛋白体外效力分析方法,研制适用于狂犬疫苗生产质量控制的狂犬病毒糖蛋白酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)定量分析试剂。采用双抗体夹心法建立狂犬病毒糖蛋白ELISA定量分析体系,优化反应各项参数后考核试剂性能。线性范围为1~180 mIU/mL,灵敏度为0.4497 mIU/mL,分析内变异系数为5.8%~8.2%,分析间变异系数为7.2%~14.4%。用自制试剂与National Institutes of Health(NIH)动物法平行检测10份疫苗相关样品,两种方法测定结果的相对系数r²为0.8943,相关性良好。自制ELISA试剂各项性能指标良好,且与NIH动物法检测结果相关性良好,有望推广用于狂犬疫苗生产质量控制。     

A Novel Rabies Vaccine Based on a Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing Rabies Virus Glycoprotein

Untreated rabies virus (RABV) infection leads to death. Vaccine and postexposure treatment have been effective in preventing RABV infection. However, due to cost, rabies vaccination and treatment have not been widely used in developing countries. There are 55,000 human death caused by rabies annually. An efficacious and cost-effective rabies vaccine is needed. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) is thought to contribute to kennel cough, and kennel cough vaccines containing live PIV5 have been used in dogs for many years. In this work, a PIV5-vectored rabies vaccine was tested in mice. A recombinant PIV5 encoding RABV glycoprotein (G) (rPIV5-RV-G) was administered to mice via intranasal (i.n.), intramuscular (i.m.), and oral inoculation. The vaccinated mice were challenged with a 50% lethal challenge dose (LD₅₀) of RABV challenge virus standard 24 (CVS-24) intracerebrally. A single dose of 10⁶ PFU of rPIV5-RV-G was sufficient for 100% protection when administered via the i.n. route. The mice vaccinated with a single dose of 10⁸ PFU of rPIV5-RV-G via the i.m. route showed very robust protection (90% to 100%). Intriguingly, the mice vaccinated orally with a single dose of 10⁸ PFU of rPIV5-RV-G showed a 50% survival rate, which is comparable to the 60% survival rate among mice inoculated with an attenuated rabies vaccine strain, recombinant LBNSE. This is first report of an orally effective rabies vaccine candidate in animals based on PIV5 as a vector. These results indicate that rPIV5-RV-G is an excellent candidate for a new generation of recombinant rabies vaccine for humans and animals and PIV5 is a potential vector for oral vaccines.     

A New Rabies Vaccine Based on a Recombinant Orf Virus (Parapoxvirus) Expressing the Rabies Virus Glycoprotein

The present study describes the generation of a new Orf virus (ORFV) recombinant, D1701-V-RabG, expressing the rabies virus (RABV) glycoprotein that is correctly presented on the surface of infected cells without the need of replication or production of infectious recombinant virus. One single immunization with recombinant ORFV can stimulate high RABV-specific virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers in mice, cats, and dogs, representing all nonpermissive hosts for the ORFV vector. The protective immune response against severe lethal challenge infection was analyzed in detail in mice using different dosages, numbers, and routes for immunization with the ORFV recombinant. Long-term levels of VNA could be elicited that remained greater than 0.5 IU per ml serum, indicative for the protective status. Single applications of higher doses (10⁷ PFU) can be sufficient to confer complete protection against intracranial (i.c.) challenge, whereas booster immunization was needed for protection by the application of lower dosages. Anamnestic immune responses were achieved by each of the seven tested routes of inoculation, including oral application. Finally, in vivo antibody-mediated depletion of CD4-positive and/or CD8-posititve T cell subpopulations during immunization and/or challenge infection attested the importance of CD4 T cells for the induction of protective immunity by D1701-V-RabG. This report demonstrates another example of the potential of the ORFV vector and also indicates the capability of the new recombinant for vaccination of animals.     

狂犬病毒糖蛋白DNA疫苗的研制及其免疫效果的观察

构建了含有狂犬病毒（RV）CVS株糖蛋白（GP）基因的重组质粒pCMVCVSRG,将其转染至鼠NIH3T3细胞中,用间接免疫荧光法和APAAP法均证实RVGP能在真核细胞中表达。分别将合RV不同毒株的GP基因的质粒（DNA疫苗）及空白载体质粒（对照组）免疫小鼠,仅DNA疫苗免疫的小鼠产生了中和抗体。以RV攻击后,DNA疫苗免疫组小鼠的存活率与对照组相比,差异有极显著性意义（P＜0．01）;不同的启动子（CMV或SV40）与不同GP基因（来源于CVS株或ERA株）对DNA疫苗的免疫效果无明显影响。在注射120d后．用PCR方法仍可检测出RVGP基因。结果表明：狂犬病DNA疫苗能够诱生低水平的中和抗体和记忆性B淋巴细胞,并能保护小鼠抵抗RV的攻击。该疫苗能在体内稳定存在。狂犬病DNA疫苗的研制为狂犬病免疫开辟了一条新途径,并可为防治其他疾病的DNA疫苗的研制奠定基础。     

狂犬病毒街毒株全长基因cDNA克隆的构建及鉴定

利用分子克隆的方法,将狂犬病毒街毒株的全基因组分为4个片段按照它们基因组上的顺序克隆到真核表达载体pVAX1上,并将G-L间隔区的非编码区替换为表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的核苷酸,构建出表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组狂犬病毒HN10株全长基因组cDNA真核表达质粒,同时,在全长cDNA的两侧嵌入锤头状核酶(HamRz)和丁型肝炎病毒核酶(HdvRz)的序列,并置于CMV启动子的控制下,为下一步拯救出该嵌合病毒提供了可直接使用的全长cDNA真核表达质粒。