小菜蛾对杀虫剂的敏感性与其抗药性的相关性

在开展云南省通海县小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)种群对11种杀虫剂的敏感性的同时,对小菜蛾抗药性进行了测定,并分析二者之间的相关性,结果表明:小菜蛾对杀虫剂的敏感性与其抗药性总体上呈现负相关,即随着抗药性的增加,小菜蛾对杀虫剂的敏感性呈下降趋势,但相关性并不显著。如在无抗性至高抗性的杀虫剂之间,其敏感性并无明显的变化,处理间无差异,只有对其极高抗性的阿维菌素、虫酰肼和高效氯氰菊酯才表现出明显的下降趋势。因此,在实际生产过程中,一种药剂是否因抗药性增加而不能使用,还应该参照田间防治效果。     

小菜蛾抗药性研究进展

1小莱蛾抗药性的发展小菜蛾PlutellaxylostellaL．隶鳞翅目莱蛾科,是世界性十字花科的主要害虫,年发生代数多（一般在亚热带地区8～12代,热带地区20代以上[1],繁殖系数高（平均每头雌成虫产卵量在170粒以上）,世代间虫口数量增长快,重叠现象严重,故其在热带地区的危害尤为猖撅,在我国北方地区也呈加重趋势[2]。为了克服和防治小莱蛾的危害,长期以来,人们主要靠使用各种杀虫剂来达到目的。但随着杀虫剂广泛、大量地使用,加之小莱娥生活史的特殊性,它对各种杀虫剂都发生了不同程度的抗药性,以致使许多原来很有效的杀虫剂相继地…     

南京地区小菜蛾对常用杀虫剂抗药性的动态监测

分别于1997、1998、2001、2002年就南京地区,小菜蛾对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、敌敌畏、杀虫单、氟啶脲、氟虫腈、阿维菌素7种杀虫剂的抗药性,进行了动态监测。抗性测定结果表明,与敏感种群相比,南京地区小菜蛾对溴氰菊酯的抗性水平,1998年最高为283．81倍,表现为极高水平的抗性,2001～2002年抗药性呈下降趋势。小菜蛾对高效氯氰菊酯的抗性指数82．13～142．48倍,为高水平抗性。对敌敌畏的抗性指数10．10～14．81倍,为中等水平的抗性,并有逐年缓慢下降趋势。对杀虫单和阿维菌素的抗性指数小于5,1998年后敏感性开始下降。对氟啶脲和氟虫腈仍处于敏感至敏感性下降阶段,2001～2002年抗性指数呈下降趋势。除杀虫单外,小菜蛾对供试的其余6种药剂的抗性倍数与抗性个体频率具有明显的相关性。     

小菜蛾抗药性及其治理对策的研究进展

小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella L.）的抗药性研究是一项全球性的重要课题。本从其抗药性发展、抗药性机理研究进展、抗药性检测及研究手段的状况、抗药性治理对策等方面,对小菜蛾抗药性的研究进展进行综述。目前,对小菜蛾抗药性的分子水平上的探讨甚少。     

小菜蛾抗药性研究的现状及展望

小菜蛾PlutellaxylostellaL．是一种世界性害虫,寄主多达40种以上,主要为害十字花科蔬菜,在我国各省区均有分布,但以南方各省发生较多。近年来,在江苏、浙江、广东、福建、云南和贵州等省都严重发生,从对年代起逐渐上升为十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫［’,在我国北方地区也呈加重趋势。小菜蛾年发生世代多,世代重叠,繁殖系数高,对小菜蛾的防治一开始就依赖于使用有机合成杀虫剂,而且蔬菜是人类直接消费的作物,经济阈限低（1－2头幼虫／株）,因此生产上用药防治频繁,抗性发生、发展速度很快。据不完全统计,小莱蛾大约已对50多种杀…     

小菜蛾系统调查及抗药性监测方法

小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)是十字花科作物重要害虫。其种群消长受地理条件、气候变化和耕作方式等多种因素的影响。小菜蛾也是抗药性最强的害虫,几乎对所有杀虫剂产生了抗药性。针对小菜蛾的生活习性和抗药性,统一规范了田间种群系统调查和抗药性监测方法,为其种群动态及抗药性监测提供技术支撑。     

北京和河北地区小菜蛾的抗药性动态

【目的】了解北京和河北地区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)对主要防治药剂的抗药性现状,为小菜蛾的有效防治提供参考。【方法】2011—2015年,采用浸叶法监测了小菜蛾对9种药剂的抗药性。【结果】小菜蛾对氯虫苯甲酰胺、多杀菌素和丁醚脲均为敏感水平,对Bt制剂、虫螨腈和茚虫威个别年份出现中等抗性水平,但总体上为敏感状态,对阿维菌素和氟啶脲保持中等抗性水平,对高效氯氰菊酯为中等至高水平抗性。【结论】在北京和河北地区高效氯氰菊酯不适用于小菜蛾的防治,少用或暂停使用阿维菌素,其它药剂可交替或轮换使用。     

云南不同菜区小菜蛾对三种生物农药的抗药性及其变化趋势

【目的】通过抗药性监测掌握滇中通海和滇西弥渡菜区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)种群对3种生物农药的抗药性水平及其变化趋势,为抗性治理提供技术支持。【方法】2008—2015年,在室内采用浸叶法测定了云南两个菜区小菜蛾种群对阿维菌素、多杀菌素和苏云金杆菌的抗药性。【结果】2008年抗药性测定结果表明,滇中通海、滇西弥渡菜区小菜蛾对阿维菌素和多杀菌素的抗药性水平均为高抗,对阿维菌素LC50值分别34.017和25.688 mg/L,抗性倍数为1 700.85和1 284.40倍;对多杀菌素LC50值分别13.728和19.830 mg/L,抗性倍数为114.40倍和165.25倍,两菜区对多杀菌素的抗性也为高抗;两菜区小菜蛾对苏云金杆菌敏感,LC50值分别0.530和0.538 mg/L,抗性倍数为2.04倍和2.07倍,属于抵抗水平。到2015年,通海和弥渡菜区小菜蛾种群对阿维菌素的抗性倍数分别下降到了455.70倍和255.05倍,下降趋势显著,但两菜区仍属高抗水平;对多杀菌素的抗药性下降趋势不显著,抗性倍数分别为35.56倍和75.28倍,为中抗水平,但年度间变化幅度较大,LC50为0.885~19.830 mg/L;两菜区对苏云金杆菌仍敏感,抗性倍数分别为5.41倍和1.73倍。【结论】总体上,2008—2015年度间有差异,通海和弥渡菜区小菜蛾种群对3种药剂的抗药性基本一致,对阿维菌素和多杀菌素的抗药性有所下降,但仍处于高抗水平,对苏云金杆菌一直保持在抵抗水平,建议生产上可以轮换使用苏云金杆菌,以提高对小菜蛾的持续控制效果。     

Stability of field-selected resistance to insecticides in Plutella xylostella (Lep., Plutellidae) from Pakistan

Abstract:  To investigate fluctuation in susceptibility to insecticides, natural populations of Plutella xylostella were collected from the same field in the region of Multan, Pakistan, in late summer, mid-winter and early spring. After bulking up for a generation in the laboratory, the populations were examined against pyrethroids and organophosphates as well as newer insecticides (spinosad, indoxacarb and emamectin). Each population showed a broad range of variation in susceptibility to all chemicals. Comparison between populations collected in different times of years in 2003 and 2004 showed variation in susceptibility to organophosphates and pyrethroids. In winter, susceptibility to organophosphates increased, whereas it decreased in relation to pyrethroids. However, susceptibility to the newer insecticides was unchanged within the season. The results suggest that the fluctuation observed in susceptibility could be either associated with fitness costs of organophosphate and pyrethroids or cessation of insecticides. These results might have important implications in resistance management. We propose a strategy for application of insecticides in relation to P. xylostella management in Pakistan.     

不同地理种群小菜蛾对甲胺磷的抗药性

采用浸叶法研究了福州建新镇、福建农林大学校园内、闽侯县上街镇和闽侯县甘蔗镇等地田间小菜蛾种群对甲胺磷的抗性水平及抗性机制。结果表明,与敏感小菜蛾相比,上述4个田间小菜蛾种群已对甲胺磷产生了34-82倍的抗性水平。敏感小菜蛾乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的Ki值是田间抗性小菜蛾AChE的Ki值的17.3-39.1倍。不同小菜蛾种群对甲胺磷的抗性水平也存在着差异,小菜蛾种群AChE对甲胺磷的敏感性大小与其对甲胺磷的抗性水平高低显著相关。     

湖南不同地区小菜蛾对药剂敏感性比较

采用浸叶法在室内测定了湖南长沙和怀化地区小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)田间种群对10种药剂的敏感性。结果表明:湖南长沙和怀化地区田间小菜蛾除对丁醚脲和BT制剂仍处于敏感(抗性倍数<3)状态外,对其它8种药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中以长沙地区小菜蛾田间种群对高效氯氰菊酯抗性倍数最高(抗性倍数为33.58)。长沙和怀化种群对药剂的相对毒力倍数以巴丹最低(1.20)而以多杀菌素最高(2.59)。     

小菜蛾对苦皮藤素抗性选育及交互抗性测定

敏感小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)经苦皮藤素20代的抗性选育,其抗性增长21.57倍。选育的小菜蛾抗性品系对杀虫双、杀螟丹和叶蝉散分别有4.63、4.11和3.71倍的交互抗性;对溴氰菊酯、氯菊酯、氯氰菊酯分别有0.22、0.01和0.26倍的负交互抗性。高抗杀螟丹、杀虫双小菜蛾品系对苦皮藤素无明显交互抗性,而高抗溴氰菊酯小菜蛾品系对苦皮藤素有3.61倍的交互抗性。     

Detection of insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations in South Australian crucifer crops

In response to reports of failures of sprays to control Plutella xylostella infestations in vegetable-growing areas around Adelaide in 1991, the extent of resistance to six insecticides in several South Australian populations of P. xylostella was determined. Populations sampled from vegetable crops in the Adelaide region were five- to 200-fold resistant to organophosphates (chlorpyrifos, methamidophos and mevinphos), eight- to 400-fold resistant to pyrethroids (esfenvalerate and permethrin) and six-fold resistant to the carbamate methomyl compared with a susceptible strain. Mevinphos and esfenvalerate were the most effective of the tested insecticides. These, together with Bacillus thuringiensis products, have continued until 1998 to be used almost exclusively for the control of P. xylostella in South Australian vegetable crops in the absence of any resistance management strategy.     

Conserving the efficacy of insecticides against Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae)

Abstract:  The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae), is one of the most destructive insect pests of crucifers worldwide. It was the first crop insect reported to be resistant to DDT and now in many crucifer-producing regions it has shown significant resistance to almost every insecticide applied in field including biopesticides such as crystal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis and spinosyns from Saccharopolyspora spinosa . In certain parts of the world, economical production of crucifers has become almost impossible because of its resistance to insecticides and resulting control failure. A coordinated resistance management program needs to be implemented with the involvement of pesticide industry, local pesticide regulatory authorities, scientists and farmers. The judicious use of chemicals in conjunction with other control measures (e.g. biological control agents, resistant varieties, proper fertilization rates) is the best way to manage DBM and other pests of cruciferous crops. Introduction of glucosinolate-sulphatase inhibitors as plant-incorporated-products or sprayable material may also lead to a novel pest management strategy.     

Tebufenozide resistance is associated with sex‐linked inheritance in Plutella xylostella

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), is a major pest of cruciferous crops. Tebufenozide, a novel nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist, exhibits good efficacy and has played an increasingly important role in the control of Lepidopteran pests in China. For its resistance management, the genetic basis of tebufenozide resistance was studied using a laboratory selected resistant strain of DBM (resistant ratio, RR = 268). A series of crosses with laboratory susceptible and resistant strains revealed that tebufenozide resistance in this pest was partially biased toward female heredity, with a large difference in RR for F₁ (RR = 29) and rF₁ progeny (RR = 147). The dominance calculated for these 2 cross progeny was ?0.788 and 0.09, respectively. Further analysis showed that the susceptible male and female larvae were similar in their sensitivity to tebufenozide, but the resistant female larvae showed significantly higher resistance than the resistant male larvae. The heredity of tebufenozide resistance in DBM might be linked with the W sex chromosome, which suggested that DBM has the ability to develop high levels of resistance to tebufenozide. This is the first report of sex‐linked inheritance of tebufenozide resistance in P. xylostella (L.).     

Microsatellites reveal a lack of structure in Australian populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is renowned for developing resistance to insecticides and causing significant economic damage to Brassica vegetable crops throughout the world. Yet despite its economic importance, little is known about the population structure and movement patterns of this pest both at local and regional scales. In Australia, the movement patterns and insecticide resistance status of P. xylostella infesting canola, vegetables, forage brassicas and weeds have fundamental implications for the management of this pest. Here we use six polymorphic microsatellite loci to investigate population structure and gene flow in Australian populations of P. xylostella. Samples of P. xylostella from New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Kenya were also scored at these loci. We found no evidence of population structure within Australia, with most populations having low inbreeding coefficients and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In addition, a sample from the North Island of New Zealand was indistinguishable from the Australian samples. However, large genetic differences were found between the Australia/New Zealand samples and samples from Kenya, Malaysia and Indonesia. There was no relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance among Australian and New Zealand samples. Two of the loci were found to have null alleles, the frequency of which was increased in the populations outside the Australia/New Zealand region. We discuss these results with reference to insecticide resistance management strategies for P. xylostella in Australia.     

不同药剂对小菜蛾的控制作用及其安全性评价

采用田间喷雾方法测定了丁醚脲、氟虫腈、虫螨腈、苏云金杆菌4种杀虫剂对小菜蛾的控制效果及对甘蓝的安全性,结果表明,丁醚脲、氟虫腈、虫螨腈、苏云金杆菌对小菜蛾均有较好的控制效果,药后7d均能有效控制小菜蛾的为害,且对甘蓝安全无药害。