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1.
The aim of this study was to investigate how zinc deficiency and supplementation affects lipid peroxidation in the renal tissue
in ovariectomized rats. Four study groups were formed with 10 Spraque-Dawley rats each. Two of the groups served as normal
and ovariectomized controls; the other two were ovariectomized rats that were zinc deficient and zinc supplemented, respectively.
The zinc-deficient ovariectomized rats showed greater renal and plasma lipid peroxidation, as indicated by higher malondialdehyde
levels than all other groups (p<0.05). These values were higher in the ovariectomized controls than those of the normal controls and of the ovariectomized,
zinc-supplemented groups (p<0.05), which, in, turn, showed no significant differences of their respective renal and plasma malondialdehyde values.
The renal and erythrocyte glutathione levels in the zinc-supplemented rats were higher than those in all other groups (p<0.05). The zinc-deficient group had the lowest renal and erythrocyte glutathione levels (p<0.05). The renal tissue zinc levels in the ovariectomized rats were higher than those in the zinc-deficient animals, but
lower than in the normal controls and zincsupplemented rats (p<0.05). The zinc-supplemented animals had the highest renal tissue zinc levels (p<0.05).
The results of this study suggest that zinc deficiency increases renal tissue damage in ovariectomized rats and that zinc
supplementation can be used to prevent this condition. 相似文献
2.
A novel antioxidant agent caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents long-term mobile phone exposure-induced renal impairment in rat 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a flavonoid like compound, is one of the major components of honeybee propolis. It has been used in folk medicine for many years in Middle East countries. It was found to be a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant recently. The aim of this study was to examine long-term applied 900 MHz emitting mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, was to investigate the role of CAPE on kidney tissue against the possible electromagnetic radiation (EMR)-induced renal impairment in rats. In particular, the ROS such as superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) may contribute to the pathophysiology of EMR-induced renal impairment. Malondialdehyde (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation) levels, urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG, a marker of renal tubular injury) and nitric oxide (NO, an oxidant product) levels were used as markers of oxidative stress-induced renal impairment and the success of CAPE treatment. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in renal tissue were determined to evaluate the changes of antioxidant status. The rats used in the study were randomly grouped (10 each) as follows: i) Control group (without stress and EMR), ii) Sham-operated rats stayed without exposure to EMR (exposure device off), iii) Rats exposed to 900 MHz EMR (EMR group), and iv) A 900 MHz EMR exposed + CAPE treated group (EMR + CAPE group). In the EMR exposed group, while tissue MDA, NO levels and urinary NAG levels increased (p < 0.0001), the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in renal tissue were reduced (p < 0.001). CAPE treatment reversed these effects as well (p < 0.0001, p < 0.001 respectively). In conclusion, the increase in NO and MDA levels of renal tissue, and in urinary NAG with the decrease in renal SOD, CAT, GSH-Px activities demonstrate the role of oxidative mechanisms in 900 MHz mobile phone-induced renal tissue damage, and CAPE, via its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties, ameliorates oxidative renal damage. These results strongly suggest that CAPE exhibits a protective effect on mobile phone-induced and free radical mediated oxidative renal impairment in rats. 相似文献
3.
Effect of triethylenepentaminehexaacetic acid on the renal damage in cadmium-treated Syrian hamsters 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Toshiaki Shibasaki Q. -Y. Xu Iwao Ohno Fumio Ishimoto Osamu Sakai 《Biological trace element research》1995,50(2):157-165
Cadmium (Cd)-induced nephropathy was treated by triethylene-pentaminehexaacetic acid (TTHA) in male Syrian hamsters. Hamsters
injected three times a week with 3 mg/kg body wt CdCl2 showed proteinuria, urinaryN-acetyl-β-d-inglucosaminidase (NAG), and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) when compared to saline-injected control. Cd-treated hamsters
injected ip with TTHA 10 mg/kg body wt five times a week showed reduction of renal damage, including reductions in urinary
protein (from 6.7±2.2 to 4.3±0.5 mg/d) and NAG (0.17±0.06 to 0.04±0.02 U/d). Urinary excretion of Cd was significantly increased
(from 87±51.3 to 3052±1485 mg/L) by TTHA administration. Cd concentration in renal cortical tissue was slightly reduced (26.4±3.0
to 21.8±2.7 mg/g. protein). Excretion of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased only in Cd-injected hamsters (to 2.1±1.6 nM/L), and elevated MDA in renal cortical tissue was not reduced by the administration of TTHA (1041±105 vs 1104±358 nM/g protein). Glutathione (GSH) concentration in the renal cortex was significantly elevated after Cd administration and further
increased after TTHA administration (5.5±2.1 to 9.8±2.0 μg/50 mg protein). There were no marked effects on creatinine clearance
(Ccr) and hematocrit. Moreover, renal morphological changes were improved significantly by treatment with TTHA.
We demonstrated the efficacy of TTHA in the treatment of Cd-induced nephropathy in hamsters. Although the precise mechanism
of the TTHA effects on Cd-induced nephropathy has not been elucidated, it might involve GSH reducing the elevated MDA concentration
in renal tissue. 相似文献
4.
Koyu A Gokcimen A Ozguner F Bayram DS Kocak A 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2006,284(1-2):81-85
Abstact Cadmium is one of the most toxic pollutants in environment. Cadmium accumulation in blood affects the renal cortex and causes
renal failure. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of cadmium on rat liver tissue. Eighteen male albino rats aged
ten weeks old were used in the study. 15 ppm of cadmium was administered to rats via consumption water daily. At the end of
the 30th study day, the animals were killed under ether anesthesia. After the liver tissue samples were taken, histopathological
and biochemical examinations were performed. Histopathologic changes have included vacuolar and granular degenerations in
hepatocytes, heterochromatic nucleuses and sinusoidal and portal widenings. Central vein diameters were normal in cadmium
exposed group. Whereas, there was statistically significant difference between two groups by means of sinusoidal (p< 0.001) and portal triad diameters (p< 0.01). Malondialdehyde (MDA) is an indicator of lipid peroxidation. In this study, MDA was used as a marker of oxidative
stress-induced liver impairment in cadmium exposed rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were also
measured to evaluate the changes in antioxidative system in liver tissues. Current findings showed that MDA levels were increased
and SOD and CAT activities were decreased in cadmium exposed group compared to control group. The difference between two groups
was statistically significant (pvalues: MDA,p< 0.01; CAT,p< 0.01 and SOD,p< 0.05). In conclusion, these findings suggest the role of oxidative mechanisms in cadmium-induced liver tissue damage 相似文献
5.
Hartmut Hentschel 《Zoomorphology》1987,107(2):115-125
Summary The excretory portion of the opisthonephric kidney of Scyliorhinus caniculus displays a mesial zone that is supplied with venous blood by the renal portal system and with arterial blood from the efferent arterioles of the glomeruli, and a zone of lateral bundles that is irrigated with arterial blood via arterioles in parallel to the afferent arterioles of the glomeruli. Each single nephron performs two large convolutions in the mesial tissue and two hairpin loops in the bundle. The nephron is differentiated into renal corpuscle (located between the two zones), neck segment (in the bundle), proximal segment I (beginning in the bundle, major convolution between the zones), proximal segment II (exclusively in the mesial zone), intermediate segment (beginning in the mesial tissue and ending in the bundle), distal segment (exclusively in the bundle) and collecting tubule (beginning in the bundle, with a large convolution in the mesial tissue and ending in the bundle) that joins the collecting duct-ureter system. In the bundles proximal and distal nephron segments, the end of the renal tubule and a central bundle vessel are arranged together and form a complex countercurrent system that is enclosed in a sheath of connective tissue. The bundles provide the structural basis for the creation of an environment with low urea concentration around the final portion of the renal tubules, which is consistent with previous experimental evidence of a significantly lower urea content of the bundles as compared with the blood and the mesial tissue in another marine elasmobranch, Raja erinacea. This condition is thought to lead to passive reabsorption of urea from the fluid of the end of the renal tubule. Separation of individual nephrons in the bundle zone appears to be correlated with the peculiar secondary structure that results from the folding of the bundles and may be in addition a requirement in conjunction with intermittent function of the glomeruli. The zonation of the renal tissue with formation of bundles with counter-current systems is characteristically found in marine Elasmobranchs and is considered to be the morphological correlate to the physiological ability of the marine Elasmobranchii to use urea for osmoregulation. 相似文献
6.
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of tissue and blood zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) in nitric oxide
(NO) synthase blockade-induced hypertension. A group of albino rats received a NO synthase inhibitor, N
G
-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME, 60 mg/kg/d) in their drinking water for 21 d. l-NAME intake caused a progressive rise in this group’s resting mean arterial blood pressure compared to a control group (p<0.01). There were no differences between the groups with regard to tissue and blood levels of Zn or Cu; however, Mg concentrations
were significantly lower in the hypertensive rats’ erythrocytes (20.2% reduction from control levels), cerebral cortex (17.0%),
heart (9.1%), renal cortex (12%), renal medulla (16.7%), and in the tissues of the caval vein (23.7%), mesenteric artery (29.8%),
renal artery (18.4%), and renal vein (22.1%). There were no significant Mg concentration changes in the hypertensive group’s
plasma, cerebellum, liver, duodenum, or aortal tissue. These findings suggest that Mg depletion may play a role in the blood
pressure rise that occurs in the model of chronic NO synthase inhibition-induced hypertension. 相似文献
7.
Seo Rin Kim Xiangyu Zou Hui Tang Amrutesh S. Puranik Abdelrhman M. Abumoawad Xiang‐Yang Zhu LaTonya J. Hickson Tamara Tchkonia Stephen C. Textor James L. Kirkland Lilach O. Lerman 《Journal of cellular physiology》2021,236(2):1332-1344
Cell stress may give rise to insuperable growth arrest, which is defined as cellular senescence. Stenotic kidney (STK) ischemia and injury induced by renal artery stenosis (RAS) may be associated with cellular senescence. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) decrease some forms of STK injury, but their ability to reverse senescence in RAS remains unknown. We hypothesized that RAS evokes STK senescence, which would be ameliorated by MSCs. Mice were studied after 4 weeks of RAS, RAS treated with adipose tissue‐derived MSCs 2 weeks earlier, or sham. STK senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐Gal) activity was measured. Protein and gene expression was used to assess senescence and the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and staining for renal fibrosis, inflammation, and capillary density. In addition, senescence was assessed as p16+ and p21+ urinary exosomes in patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) without or 3 months after autologous adipose tissue‐derived MSC delivery, and in healthy volunteers (HV). In RAS mice, STK SA‐β‐Gal activity increased, and senescence and SASP marker expression was markedly elevated. MSCs improved renal function, fibrosis, inflammation, and capillary density, and attenuated SA‐β‐Gal activity, but most senescence and SASP levels remained unchanged. Congruently, in human RVH, p21+ urinary exosomes were elevated compared to HV, and only slightly improved by MSC, whereas p16+ exosomes remained unchanged. Therefore, RAS triggers renal senescence in both mice and human subjects. MSCs decrease renal injury, but only partly mitigate renal senescence. These observations support exploration of targeted senolytic therapy in RAS. 相似文献
8.
L. A. Fedoseeva M. A. Ryazanova E. V. Antonov G. M. Dymshits A. L. Markel 《Biochemistry (Moscow) Supplemental Series B: Biomedical Chemistry》2011,5(1):37-43
The content of mRNA of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes was measured in the kidney and heart of hypertensive ISIAH and
normotensive WAG rats using the real-time PCR. A statistically significant decrease in the mRNA level of RAS genes was registered
in the kidney of ISIAH rats, including Ren (by 45%), Ace (43%), AT1A (34%), COX-2 (50%). The level of myocardial expression of AT1A decreased by 28% while Ace expression increased by 80%. These results suggest reduction of renal RAS basal activity in the hypertensive ISIAH rats,
and therefore this strain of rats may be referred to the group of models of low-renin hypertension. The ISIAH rats were also
characterized by a two-fold increase in the connective tissue sodium concentration and also by a small (but statistically
significant) increase in plasma sodium concentration (139 ± 0.3 mmol/l versus 136 ± 0.25 mmol/l in WAG rats). These results
together with a tendency to a decrease of plasma aldosterone level also support existence of a classical low-renin hypertension
in the ISIAH rats. It is suggested that altered function of renal ion channels represents a basis for the development of low
renin hypertension in the ISIAH rats. In addition, impairments in renal system of NO synthesis may also contribute to the
pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in the ISIAH rats. 相似文献
9.
Gerd Luippold Ursula Delabar Doris Kloor Bernd Mühlbauer 《Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences》1999,724(2):7144
A sensitive and rapid method for measuring simultaneously adenosine, S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine in renal tissue, and for the analysis of adenosine and S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations in the urine is presented. Separation and quantification of the nucleosides are performed following solid-phase extraction by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography with a binary gradient system. N6-Methyladenosine is used as the internal standard. This method is characterized by an absolute recovery of over 90% of the nucleosides plus the following limits of quantification: 0.25–1.0 nmol/g wet weight for renal tissue and 0.25–0.5 μM for urine. The relative recovery (corrected for internal standard) of the three nucleosides ranges between 98.1±2.6% and 102.5±4.0% for renal tissue and urine, respectively (mean±S.D., n=3). Since the adenosine content in kidney tissue increases instantly after the onset of ischemia, a stop freezing technique is mandatory to observe the tissue levels of the nucleosides under normoxic conditions. The resulting tissue contents of adenosine, S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine in normoxic rat kidney are 5.64±2.2, 0.67±0.18 and 46.2±1.9 nmol/g wet weight, respectively (mean±S.D., n=6). Urine concentrations of adenosine and S-adenosylhomocysteine of man and rat are in the low μM range and are negatively correlated with urine flow-rate. 相似文献
10.
The identity, distribution and structure of the adrenocortical homolog (AH) was made in Polypterus palmas Ayres using routine light and electron microscopy and histochemistry for the enzyme δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD). The AH is confined to yellow corpuscles which are positioned near the posterior cardinal and renal veins in the anterior two-thirds of each kidney. The 46–57 spherial to cigar-shaped corpuscles are placed end to end and are equally distributed in the kidneys. The tortuous cords of epithelial cells of each corpuscle are surrounded by sinusoids and are completely delimited from the haemopoietic and renal tissue of the kidneys. The steroidogenic nature of the cells is demonstrated by their 3β-HSD activity and their ultrastructure, namely lipid droplets, tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae. Giant mitochondria and gap junctions are notable features of AH cells in this fish. The yellow corpuscles of the kidneys in P. palmas represent the AH and this tissue has a distribution which is in accordance with the taxonomic position of Polypteriformes. 相似文献
11.
Chen G Huang JB Mi J He YF Wu XH Luo CL Liang SM Li JB Tang YX Li J 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(2):1315-1322
Rapid and reliable biomarkers of renal allograft rejection have not been available. This study aimed to investigate biomarkers
in renal allograft tissue using proteomic analysis. Orthotopic kidney transplantations were performed using Fisher (F344)
or Lewis rats as donors and Lewis rats as recipients. Syngenic control group (Group I) constituted F344-to-F344 orthotopic
kidney allo-transplantations (n = 8); and allogenic group (Group II) consisted of F344-to-Lewis orthotopic kidney allo-transplantations (n = 8). Renal tissues were harvested 7 days after transplantation. Samples were analyzed using 2-D electrophoresis and matrix
assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. 6 differentially expressed proteins were identified
between allogenic group and syngenic control group. A rat model of acute renal allograft rejection was successfully set up.
Differentially expressed proteins in renal allograft tissue of rat were detected using proteomic analysis and might serve
as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets in human. Quantitative proteomics, using MALDL-TOF-MS methodology has the potential
to provide a profiling and a deeper understanding of acute renal rejection. 相似文献
12.
Farooq SM Ebrahim AS Subramhanya KH Sakthivel R Rajesh NG Varalakshmi P 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2006,284(1-2):95-101
The assumption of oxidative stress as a mechanism in oxalate induced renal damage suggests that antioxidants might play a
beneficial role against oxalate toxicity. An in vivo model was used to investigate the effect of C-phycocyanin (from aquatic micro algae; Spirulina spp.), a known antioxidant, against calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Hyperoxaluria was induced in two of the 4 groups of Wistar albino
rats (n = 6 in each) by intraperitoneally injecting sodium oxalate (70,mg/kg body weight). A pretreatment of phycocyanin (100,mg/kg
body weight) as a single oral dosage was given, one hour prior to oxalate challenge. An untreated control and drug control
(phycocyanin alone) were employed. Phycocyanin administration resulted in a significant improvement (p < 0.001) in the thiol content of renal tissue and RBC lysate via increasing glutathione and reducing malondialdehyde levels
in the plasma of oxalate induced rats (p < 0.001), indicating phycocyanin’s antioxidant effect on oxalate mediated oxidative stress. Administering phycocyanin after
oxalate treatment significantly increased catalase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.001) in RBC lysate suggesting phycocyanin as a free radical quencher. Assessing calcium oxalate crystal retention in
renal tissue using polarization microscopy and renal ultrastructure by electron microscopy reveals normal features in phycocyanin
– pretreated groups. Thus the study presents positive pharmacological implications of phycocyanin against oxalate mediated
nephronal impairment and warrants further work to tap this potential aquatic resource for its medicinal application. (Mol
Cell Biochem xxx: 1–7, 2004) 相似文献
13.
Summary The excretory organs of Amphioxus occur as segmentally arranged structures throughout the pharyngeal region and may be divided into three components: the solenocytes, the renal tubule, and the renal glomerulus.The solenocytes possess foot processes that rest upon the coelomic surface of the ligamentum denticulatum. The tubular apparatus of the solenocytes consists of ten triangular rods surrounding a central flagellum. The distal end of the tubular apparatus enters branches of the renal tubule. The renal tubule eventually opens into the atrial cavity of Amphioxus.
The renal glomerulus is a sinus within the connective tissue of the ligamentum dentieculatum where it connects elements of the branchial circulation with the dorsal aorta. The renal glomerulus, like other blood vessels of Amphioxus, lacks an endothelial lining.If Amphioxus is adapted to artificial sea water at different concentrations there is no change in kidney morphology suggesting that Amphioxus is either is osmotic with its environment or is osmoregulating with other organs.This work was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grant 5-T01-GM 00582. 相似文献
14.
Edson Rodrigues Marcela Rosana da Silva Santos Edson Rodrigues Júnior Sree Vani Gannabathula Helena Passeri Lavrado 《Polar Biology》2009,32(5):691-702
The potential aerobic ATP-generating pathway and the argininolytic capacity of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica in its main tissues were measured by the specific activity of the enzymes malate dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS)
and arginase. The kidney showed the major potential for aerobic ATP-generating pathway and argininolytic capacity. High levels
of CS and MDH activities indicated that renal tissue can be involved in activities that require a lot of energy such as excretion
of metabolic end products, amino acids catabolism or even gluconeogenic activities related to inter-tissue metabolism. The
fact that kidneys are the main site for arginase activity is very unusual for mollusks and could be related to the living
habits of L. elliptica. Genetic expression of the L. elliptica renal arginase could be controlling the levels of l-arginine and forming urea in the excretory organ, which may not have its physiological functions directly affected by the
seasonal retraction of its siphons. Compared to the bivalve Dreissena polymorpha, renal arginase of L. elliptica is more resistant to inhibition by copper and cadmium. This could be related to naturally high levels of these metals in
the Antarctic marine environment and its bioaccumulation in the renal tissue of L. elliptica, as a probable advantage to its environmental adaptation. Different from other Antarctic animals that feed on Krill, the
arginase of L. elliptica is much more sensitive to fluoride inhibition. However, diet composition of L. elliptica would be expected to be variable site to site and its high sensitivity to fluoride inhibition may be a matter of concern
in areas near ornithogenic soils subjected to ice-melting processes. 相似文献
15.
Low alcohol intake in humans lowers the risk of coronary heart disease and may lower blood pressure. In hypertension, insulin resistance with altered glucose metabolism leads to increased formation of aldehydes. We have shown that chronic low alcohol intake decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and tissue aldehyde conjugates in spontaneously hypertensive rats and demonstrated a strong link between elevated tissue aldehyde conjugates and hypertension in salt-induced hypertensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. This study investigated the antihypertensive effect of chronic low alcohol consumption in high salt-treated WKY rats and its effect on tissue aldehyde conjugates, platelet cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2 +]
i
),and renal vascular changes. Animals, aged 7 weeks, were divided into three groups of six animals each. The control group was given normal salt diet (0.7% NaCl) and regular drinking water; the high salt group was given a high salt diet (8% NaCl) and regular drinking water; the high salt + ethanol group was given a high salt diet and 0.25% ethanol in drinking water. After 10 weeks, SBP, platelet [Ca2 +]
i
, and tissue aldehyde conjugates were significantly higher in rats in the high salt group as compared with controls. Animals on high salt diets also showed smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in the small arteries and arterioles of the kidney. Ethanol supplementation prevented the increase in SBP and platelet [Ca2 +]
i
and aldehyde conjugates in liver and aorta. Kidney aldehyde conjugates and renal vascular changes were attenuated. These results suggest that chronic low ethanol intake prevents salt-induced hypertension and attenuates renal vascular changes in WKY rats by preventing an increase in tissue aldehyde conjugates and cytosolic [Ca2 +]
i
. 相似文献
16.
In this study, our aim was to exploring the influences of DNA methylation of PON1 on cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis of renal cancer cells. The genome‐wide methylation array of renal cell carcinoma samples and adjacent tissues were obtained from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. By analysing the DNA methylation and conducting the CpG islands array, methylation status expressed in renal tumour samples and normal renal tissue samples were detected. Methylation‐specific PCR (MS‐PCR) and qRT‐PCR were employed to detect the methylation level and mRNA expression of PON1. Wound‐healing assay, transwell assay and MTT assay were utilized to detecting the migration, invasion and proliferation abilities, respectively. The cell apoptosis was testified by Tunnel assay. In addition, the effect of PON1 on renal cancer cells was verified by experiments in vivo. The methylation status of different genes in renal cell carcinoma samples was obtained by CpG islands arrays and hypermethylated PON1 was selected for further study. PON1 was down‐regulated in renal cell carcinoma tissues detected by qRT‐PCR and Western blot. Both in vitro and vivo experiments indicated that the sunitinib‐resistant in renal cancer cells could be suppressed by treat with 5‐Aza‐dC or TSA, and the effect came out more obvious after 5‐Aza‐dC and TSA co‐treatment. In detail, the demethylation of PON1 inhibited the migration, invasion and proliferation of renal cancer cells and also arrested more cells in G0/G1 phase. The vivo experiment indicated that demethylated PON1 suppressed the growth of tumour. Hypermethylated PON1 promoted migration, invasion and proliferation of sunitinib‐resistance renal cancer cells and arrested more cells in G0/G1 phase. 相似文献
17.
Biosynthesis of 1α‐hydroxycorticosterone in the winter skate Leucoraja ocellata: evidence to suggest a novel steroidogenic route
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J. Wiens R. Ho A. K. Brassinga C. A. Deck P. J. Walsh R. N. Ben K. Mcclymont T. Charlton A. N. Evans W. G. Anderson 《Journal of fish biology》2017,91(1):260-277
The present study explores the ability of intracellular bacteria within the renal‐inter‐renal tissue of the winter skate Leucoraja ocellata to metabolize steroids and contribute to the synthesis of the novel elasmobranch corticosteroid, 1α‐hydroxycorticosterone (1α‐OH‐B). Despite the rarity of C1 hydroxylation noted in the original identification of 1α‐OH‐B, literature provides evidence for steroid C1 hydroxylation by micro‐organisms. Eight ureolytic bacterial isolates were identified in the renal‐inter‐renal tissue of L. ocellata, the latter being the site of 1α‐OH‐B synthesis. From incubations of bacterial isolates with known amounts of potential 1α‐OH‐B precursors, one isolate UM008 of the genus Rhodococcus was seen to metabolize corticosteroids and produce novel products via HPLC analysis. Cations Zn2+ and Fe3+ altered metabolism of certain steroid precursors, suggesting inhibition of Rhodococcus steroid catabolism. Genome sequencing of UM008 identified strong sequence and structural homology to that of Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4. A complete enzymatic pathway for steroid‐ring oxidation as documented within other Actinobacteria was identified within the UM008 genome. This study highlights the potential role of Rhodococcus bacteria in steroid metabolism and proposes a novel alternative pathway for 1α‐OH‐B synthesis, suggesting a unique form of mutualism between intracellular bacteria and their elasmobranch host. 相似文献
18.
Rulin Wang Chao Zhang Guisheng Qi Ming Xu Ruiming Rong Tongyu Zhu 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2014,18(6):1144-1156
Telocytes (TCs), a distinct type of interstitial cells, have been identified in many organs via electron microscopy. However, their precise function in organ regeneration remains unknown. This study investigated the paracrine effect of renal TCs on renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) in vitro, the regenerative function of renal TCs in renal tubules after ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) in vivo and the possible mechanisms involved. In a renal IRI model, transplantation of renal TCs was found to decrease serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, while renal fibroblasts exerted no such effect. The results of histological injury assessments and the expression levels of cleaved caspase‐3 were consistent with a change in kidney function. Our data suggest that the protective effect of TCs against IRI occurs via inflammation‐independent mechanisms in vivo. Furthermore, we found that renal TCs could not directly promote the proliferation and anti‐apoptosis properties of TECs in vitro. TCs did not display any advantage in paracrine growth factor secretion in vitro compared with renal fibroblasts. These data indicate that renal TCs protect against renal IRI via an inflammation‐independent pathway and that growth factors play a significant role in this mechanism. Renal TCs may protect TECs in certain microenvironments while interacting with other cells. 相似文献
19.
Nilakantan V Hilton G Maenpaa C Van Why SK Pieper GM Johnson CP Shames BD 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2007,304(1-2):1-11
Oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury; however whether imbalances in
reactive oxygen production and disposal account for susceptibility to injury is unclear. The purpose of this study was to
compare necrosis, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in IR-resistant Brown Norway rats vs. IR-susceptible Sprague-Dawley (SD)
rats in an in vivo model of renal IR injury. As superoxide (O2·−) interacts with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine were also examined.
Renal IR was induced in SD and BN rats by bilateral clamping of renal arteries for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h
(SD 24 and BN 24, respectively). BN rats were resistant to renal IR injury as evidenced by lower plasma creatinine and decreased
acute tubular necrosis. TUNEL staining analysis demonstrated significantly decreased apoptosis in the BN rats vs. SD rats
after IR. Following IR, O2·− levels were also significantly lower in renal tissue of BN rats vs. SD rats (P < 0.05) in conjunction with a preservation of the O2·− dismutating protein, CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) (P < 0.05). This was accompanied by an overall decrease in 4-hydroxynonenal adducts in the BN but not SD rats after IR. BN rats
also displayed lower iNOS expression (P < 0.05) resulting in lower tissue NO levels and decreased nitrotyrosine formation (P < 0.01) following IR. Collectively these results show that the resistance of the BN rat to renal IR injury is associated
with a favorable balance of oxidant production vs. oxidant removal.
This work was supported in part by a Medical College of Wisconsin-Research Affairs Committee Grant to V. Nilakantan, and by
divisional funds to V. Nilakantan and B.D. Shames. 相似文献
20.
Nürnberger J Kavapurackal R Zhang SJ Opazo Saez A Heusch G Philipp T Pietruck F Kribben A 《Cell and tissue research》2006,323(1):147-155
Nephronophthisis is a common genetic cause of end-stage renal disease in childhood. Recently, Invs was identified as the gene mutated in the infantile form of nephronophthisis. Humans with nephronophthisis develop a large
number of extrarenal manifestations, including situs variations, anomalies of the hepatobiliary system, retinal degeneration
and cerebellar ataxia. Mice homozygous for a mutation in the Invs gene (inv mouse) die during the first week after birth as a result of renal and liver failure. Although organ anomalies have been characterized
in human nephronophthisis and the inv mouse, little is known about the tissue expression of the Invs gene product, inversin. We have used laser confocal microscopy of paraffin-embedded murine tissue sections to provide the
first detailed characterization of the distribution of inversin in various organs. Our results show that inversin is localized
to distal tubules in the kidney, hepatic bile ducts, acinar and ductal pancreatic cells, epithelial intestinal cells, splenic
germinal centres, bronchiolar epithelial cells, dendrites of cerebellar Purkinje cells, retinal neural cells and spermatocytes
and spermatids in the testis. The localization of inversin in distal tubules in the kidney and in extrarenal tissues suggests
that the expression of this protein has an important function in a variety of organs. Further studies are required to understand
the way in which mutations in the Invs gene lead to the multi-organ pathology of inv mouse and human nephronophthisis.
J.N. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Nu 118/1-1, Nu 118/3-1) and the intramural research program
of the University Hospital of Essen (IFORES). A. K. acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Kr 1108/2-2). 相似文献