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1.
Plant communities affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community composition in grassland microcosms 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
David Johnson Philippe J. Vandenkoornhuyse Jonathan R. Leake Lucy Gilbert Rosemary E. Booth J. Philip Grime J. Peter W. Young David J. Read 《The New phytologist》2004,161(2):503-515
2.
Plant and Soil - Our aim was to investigate the effects of short-term waterlogging in shaping communities of the obligately aerobic AMF in roots of Populus deltoides. AMF community in populus roots... 相似文献
3.
Plant roots can establish associations with neutral, beneficial and pathogenic groups of soil organisms. Although it has been recognized from the study of individual isolates that these associations are individually important for plant growth, little is known about interactions of whole assemblages of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms associating with plants.We investigated the influence of an interaction between local arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal and pathogenic/saprobic microbial assemblages on the growth of two different plant species from semi-arid grasslands in NE Germany (Mallnow near Berlin). In a greenhouse experiment each plant species was grown for six months in either sterile soil or in sterile soil with one of three different treatments: 1) an AM fungal spore fraction isolated from field soil from Mallnow; 2) a soil pathogen/saprobe fraction consisting of a microbial community prepared with field soil from Mallnow and; 3) the combined AM fungal and pathogen/saprobe fractions. While both plant species grew significantly larger in the presence of AM fungi, they responded negatively to the pathogen/saprobe treatment. For both plant species, we found evidence of pathogen protection effects provided by the AM fungal assemblages. These results indicate that interactions between assemblages of beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms can influence the growth of host plants, but that the magnitude of these effects is plant species-specific. 相似文献
4.
Zhang Qian Koide Roger T. Liu Junxiang Li Zhenjian Sun Zhenyuan Sun Qixiang Yang Haishui 《Plant and Soil》2022,470(1-2):141-152
Plant and Soil - It is well established that mycorrhizal symbiosis can affect plant-plant interactions. On the other hand, how intraspecific plant interactions influence communities of arbuscular... 相似文献
5.
Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in roots in a seminatural grassland 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been shown to influence both the diversity and productivity of grassland plant communities. These effects have been postulated to depend on the differential effects of individual mycorrhizal taxa on different plant species; however, so far there are few detailed studies of the dynamics of AMF colonization of different plant species. In this study, we characterized the communities of AMF colonizing the roots of two plant species, Prunella vulgaris and Antennaria dioica, in a Swedish seminatural grassland at different times of the year. The AMF small subunit rRNA genes were subjected to PCR, cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Nineteen discrete sequence types belonging to Glomus groups A and B and to the genus Acaulospora were distinguished. No significant seasonal changes in the species compositions of the AMF communities as a whole were observed. However, the two plant species hosted significantly different AMF communities. P. vulgaris hosted a rich AMF community throughout the entire growing season. The presence of AMF in A. dioica decreased dramatically in autumn, while an increased presence of Ascomycetes species was detected. 相似文献
6.
Kenji Suetsugu Jun Matsubayashi Nanako O. Ogawa Satoe Murata Risa Sato Hiroshi Tomimatsu 《Oecologia》2020,192(4):929-937
All orchids and pyroloids are mycoheterotrophic at least in the early stage. Many species are predisposed to mycoheterotrophic nutrition even in the adult 相似文献
7.
Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of sedges to soil aggregation along an altitudinal alpine grassland gradient on the Tibetan Plateau 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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Xiaoliang Li Junling Zhang Jingping Gai Xiaobu Cai Peter Christie Xiaolin Li 《Environmental microbiology》2015,17(8):2841-2857
The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in sedges on the Tibetan Plateau remains largely unexplored, and their contribution to soil aggregation can be important in understanding the ecological function of AMF in alpine ecosystems. Roots of Kobresia pygmaea C.B. Clarke and Carex pseudofoetida Kük. in alpine Kobresia pastures along an elevational transect (4149–5033 m) on Mount Mila were analysed for AMF diversity. A structural equation model was built to explore the contribution of biotic factors to soil aggregation. Sedges harboured abundant AMF communities covering seven families and some operational taxonomic units are habitat specific. The two plant species hosted similar AMF communities at most altitudes. The relative abundance of the two sedges contributed largely to soil macroaggregates, followed by extraradical mycorrhizal hyphae (EMH) and total glomalin‐related soil protein (T‐GRSP). The influence of plant richness was mainly due to its indirect influence on T‐GRSP and EMH. There was a strong positive correlation between GRSP and soil total carbon and nitrogen. Our results indicate that mycorrhization might not be a major trait leading to niche differentiation of the two co‐occurring sedge species. However, AMF contribute to soil aggregation and thus may have the potential to greatly influence C and N cycling in alpine grasslands. 相似文献
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Mechanical soil disturbance as a determinant of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in semi-natural grassland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
While the effect of disturbance on overall abundance and community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has been researched in agricultural fields, less is known about the impact in semi-natural grasslands. We sampled two AM plant species, Festuca brevipila and Plantago lanceolata, from an ongoing grassland restoration experiment that contained replicated plowed and control plots. The AM fungal community in roots was determined using nested PCR and LSU rDNA primers. We identified 38 phylotypes within the Glomeromycota, of which 29 belonged to Glomus A, six to Glomus B, and three to Diversisporaceae. Only three phylotypes were closely related to known morphospecies. Soil disturbance significantly reduced phylotype richness and changed the AM fungal community composition. Most phylotypes, even closely related ones, showed little or no overlap in their distribution and occurred in either the control or disturbed plots. We found no evidence of host preference in this system, except for one phylotype that preferentially seemed to colonize Festuca. Our results show that disturbance imposed a stronger structuring force for AM fungal communities than did host plants in this semi-natural grassland. 相似文献
10.
《菌物学报》2017,(3):292-301
土庄绣线菊Spiraea pubescens是内蒙古大青山干旱地区重要的护土灌木,以水磨村垂直分布(海拔1 515m,1 410m,1 305m)的土庄绣线菊根围土壤和根系为研究对象,分析丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,AMF)菌根侵染率、孢子密度、多样性及群落组成。结果表明,孢子密度和菌根侵染率在海拔1 515m处显著高于海拔1 410m和1 305m处,丛枝丰度在3个海拔间无显著差异。Illumina MiSeq测序共得到71个AMF OTUs(operational taxonomic units)。不同海拔优势属均为Glomus,且AMF群落组成存在显著差异。Margalef丰富度指数、Chao 1丰富度指数和Shannon‐Wiener多样性指数均随海拔升高而升高,海拔1 515m处显著高于海拔1 410m和1 305m处,Simpson多样性指数在不同海拔间无显著差异。土壤有机质和植被盖度与孢子密度呈显著负相关;速效磷、含水量和植被盖度与菌根侵染率呈显著负相关;海拔与Shannon‐Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Chao 1丰富度指数和Margalef丰富度指数呈显著正相关,而速效磷和植被盖度与其呈显著负相关。研究结果为进一步探索AMF对土庄绣线菊在干旱环境中生存发挥的作用奠定理论基础。 相似文献
11.
Although it has become increasingly clear that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play important roles in population, community,
and ecosystem ecology, there is limited information on the spatial structure of the community composition of AMF in the field.
We assessed small-scale spatial variation in the abundance and molecular diversity of AMF in a calcareous fen, where strong
underlying environmental gradients such as depth to water table may influence AMF. Throughout an intensively sampled 2 × 2 m
plot, we assessed AMF inoculum potential at a depth of 0–6 and 6–12 cm and molecular diversity of the AMF community using
terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of 18S rDNA. Inoculum potential was only significantly spatially autocorrelated
at a depth of 6–12 cm and was significantly positively correlated with depth to water table at both depths. Molecular diversity
of the AMF community was highly variable within the plot, ranging from 2–14 terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) per core,
but the number of T-RFs did not relate to water table or plant species richness. Plant community composition was spatially
autocorrelated at small scales, but AMF community composition showed no significant spatial autocorrelation. Saturated soils
of calcareous fens contain many infective AMF propagules and the abundance and diversity of AMF inoculum is patchy over small
spatial scales.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
12.
Although arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form spatially complex communities in terrestrial ecosystems, the scales at which this diversity manifests itself is poorly understood. This information is critical to the understanding of the role of AMF in plant community composition. We examined small-scale (submetre) variability of AMF community composition (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting) and abundance (extraradical hyphal lengths) in two 1 m(2) plots situated in a native grassland ecosystem of western Montana. Extraradical AMF hyphal lengths varied greatly between samples (14-89 m g soil(-1)) and exhibited spatial structure at scales <30 cm. The composition of AMF communities was also found to exhibit significant spatial autocorrelation, with correlogram analyses suggesting patchiness at scales <50 cm. Supportive of overall AMF community composition analyses, individual AMF ribotypes corresponding to specific phylogenetic groups exhibited distinct spatial autocorrelation. Our results demonstrate that AMF diversity and abundance can be spatially structured at scales of <1 m. Such small-scale heterogeneity in the soil suggests that establishing seedlings may be exposed to very different, location dependent AMF communities. Our results also have direct implications for representative sampling of AMF communities in the field. 相似文献
13.
Host plant species effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in tallgrass prairie 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
Symbiotic associations between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are ubiquitous in many herbaceous plant communities
and can have large effects on these communities and ecosystem processes. The extent of species-specificity between these plant
and fungal symbionts in nature is poorly known, yet reciprocal effects of the composition of plant and soil microbe communities
is an important assumption of recent theoretical models of plant community structure. In grassland ecosystems, host plant
species may have an important role in determining development and sporulation of AM fungi and patterns of fungal species composition
and diversity. In this study, the effects of five different host plant species [Poa pratensis L., Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray, Panicum virgatum L., Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Ell., Solidago missouriensis Nutt.] on spore communities of AM fungi in tallgrass prairie were examined. Spore abundances and species composition of fungal
communities of soil samples collected from patches within tallgrass prairie were significantly influenced by the host plant
species that dominated the patch. The AM fungal spore community associated with B. bracteata showed the highest species diversity and the fungi associated with Pa. virgatum showed the lowest diversity. Results from sorghum trap cultures using soil collected from under different host plant species
showed differential sporulations of AM fungal species. In addition, a greenhouse study was conducted in which different host
plant species were grown in similar tallgrass prairie soil. After 4 months of growth, AM fungal species composition was significantly
different beneath each host species. These results strongly suggest that AM fungi show some degree of host-specificity and
are not randomly distributed in tallgrass prairie. The demonstration that host plant species composition influences AM fungal
species composition provides support for current feedback models predicting strong regulatory effects of soil communities
on plant community structure. Differential responses of AM fungi to host plant species may also play an important role in
the regulation of species composition and diversity in AM fungal communities.
Received: 29 January 1999 / Accepted: 20 October 1999 相似文献
14.
Preliminary assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure in an urban ecosystem 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species richness, composition, spore density and diversity indices were evaluated in the Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona, USA at 20 sampling sites selected to represent the four predominant land-use types found in the greater urban area: urban-residential, urban non-residential, agriculture and desert. AMF spores were extracted and identified from soil samples and from trap cultures established using soil collected at each site. Data were analyzed according to land use, land-use history, soil chemistry and vegetation characteristics at each site. Current agricultural sites were associated with decreased spore densities and historically agricultural sites with decreased species richness. Overall species composition was similar to that previously reported for the Sonoran desert, but composition at each sampling site was influenced by the vegetation from which samples were collected. Sites with the highest degrees of similarity in AMF species composition were also similar to each other in native plants or land use. Conversely, sites with the lowest similarity in AMF composition were those from which the majority of samples were collected from non-mycorrhizal plants, predominately ectomycorrhizal plants or bare soil. Spores of Glomus microggregatum were most abundant in urban sites, while those of G. eburneum were most abundant in desert and agricultural sites. Further studies are needed to determine the functional implications of shifts in AMF communities in urban ecosystems, including effects on plant primary productivity. 相似文献
15.
Sara Varela-Cervero Álvaro López-García José M. Barea Concepción Azcón-Aguilar 《Plant and Soil》2016,405(1-2):107-123
Background and aims
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) appear differentially represented among propagule forms [intraradical mycelium (IRM) in colonized roots, spores and extraradical mycelium (ERM)]. However, spring to autumn changes in the AMF communities harboured in the different propagule forms has not been studied, being this the aim of the present study.Methods
A terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism approach was used to monitor, in spring and autumn, the AMF community composition present in the three propagule types associated to five shrub species in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment.Results
The AMF community composition in roots was significantly different between spring and autumn; however, no significant differences were detected in soil propagules (spores and ERM). Different trends were identified according to the preferential biomass allocation patterns of AMF phylotypes, suggesting different life strategies: those allocating mainly into IRM (belonging to the Glomeraceae), ERM (Diversisporaceae and Gigasporaceae) or spores (Pacisporaceae and Paraglomeraceae).Conclusions
Differences of AMF taxa in the biomass allocation patterns among propagules are maintained throughout the year. Progress in the knowledge of functional features of AMF communities and their responses to seasonal variations are important for the AMF application in Mediterranean ecosystems.16.
The invasive plant species Centaurea maculosa alters arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the field 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
While several recent studies have described changes in microbial communities associated with exotic plant invasion, how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities respond to exotic plant invasion is not well known, despite the salient role of this group in plant interactions. Here, we use molecular methods (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses based on the large subunit of the rRNA gene) to examine AMF community structure in sites dominated by the invasive mycorrhizal forb, Centaurea maculosa Lam. (spotted knapweed), and in adjacent native grassland sites. Our results indicate that significant AMF community alteration occurs following C. maculosa invasion. Moreover, a significant reduction in the number of restriction fragment sizes was found for samples collected in C. maculosa-dominated areas, suggesting reduced AMF diversity. Extraradical hyphal lengths exhibited a significant, on average 24%, reduction in C. maculosa-versus native grass-dominated sites. As both AMF community composition and abundance were altered by C.maculosa invasion, these data are strongly suggestive of potential impacts on AMF-mediated ecosystem processes. Given that the composition of AMF communities has the potential to differentially influence different plant species, our results may have important implications for site restoration after weed invasion. 相似文献
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19.
Twenty years of research on community composition and species distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in China: a review 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
The biodiversity and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in different ecosystems and plant communities in China has received increasing interest over the past decades. This has led to a steady increase in the number of scientific papers published on this topic. Studies have surveyed AMF-colonizing rhizospheres of most families of angiosperms, bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. China has about 30,000 plant species (one eighth of the plant species worldwide). A total of 104 AMF species within nine genera, including 12 new species, have been reported in environments such as croplands, grasslands, forests, and numerous disturbed environments. In this paper, we review data published over the past 20 years on AMF community composition and species distribution, the mycorrhizal status of plants, AMF spore communities in different habitats, and germplasm collections in China. Possible future trends in the study of the biodiversity of AMF are also briefly discussed. In particular, the aim of our review is to make some of the recent work published in the Chinese literature accessible to a wider international audience. 相似文献
20.
Carolina Senés-Guerrero Gloria Torres-Cortés Stefan Pfeiffer Mercy Rojas Arthur Schüßler 《Mycorrhiza》2014,24(6):405-417
The world's fourth largest food crop, potato, originates in the Andes. Here, the community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with potato in Andean ecosystems is described for the first time. AMF were studied in potato roots and rhizosphere soil at four different altitudes from 2,658 to 4,075 m above mean sea level (mamsl) and in three plant growth stages (emergence, flowering, and senescence). AMF species were distinguished by sequencing an approx. 1,500 bp nuclear rDNA region. Twenty species of AMF were identified, of which 12 came from potato roots and 15 from rhizosphere soil. Seven species were found in both roots and soil. Interestingly, altitude affected species composition with the highest altitude exhibiting the greatest species diversity. The three most common colonizers of potato roots detected were Funneliformis mosseae, an unknown Claroideoglomus sp., and Rhizophagus irregularis. Notably, the potato-associated AMF diversity observed in this Andean region is much higher than that reported for potato in other ecosystems. Potato plants were colonized by diverse species from 8 of the 11 Glomeromycota families. Identification of the AMF species is important for their potential use in sustainable management practices to improve potato production in the Andean region. 相似文献