Cardiac genes show contextual SWI/SNF interactions with distinguishable gene activities

Recent experimental evidence indicates that cardiac and chromatin remodeling are associated with changes in gene expression mediated by Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), a member of the large group of SWI/SNF subunits. The second catalytic member of this family is Brahma (Brm), which shares close sequence homology to Brg1. Despite the sequence similarities, these determinants are found in distinct regulatory complexes; however, the precise nature and role of these remodeling enzymes in the failing heart remains unknown. Here we have hypothesized that Brg1 and Brm form distinct complexes in regulating gene expression in an animal model of cardiac hypertrophy. We have identified that the hypertrophic myocardium is characterized by profound morphological changes associated with increased expression of ANP (Nppa), BNP (Nppb) and β-MHC (Myh7) genes, correlating with reduced expression of the α-MHC (Myh6) and SERCA2A (Atp2a2) genes. Histone deacetylase inhibition prevented left ventricular hypertrophy indicating that the re-expression of gene activity can be associated with both contextual and distinct SWI/SNF interactions. We hypothesize that cardiac hypertrophy and the fetal gene expression program are associated with distinguishable binding of Brm and Brg1 on genes present in distinct complexes, suggesting possible independent-regulatory roles.     

NRSE 与 NRSF 及其对神经元特异性基因表达的调控作用

神经限制性沉默元件 (NRSE) 是一段长度为 21~23 bp 的保守 DNA 序列,存在于许多神经元特异表达基因的转录调控区中,神经限制性沉默因子 (NRSF) 能特异性结合到 NRSE dsDNA 上,并通过其 N 端和 C 端阻遏结构域分别连接共阻遏蛋白 Sin3A/B 和 CoREST , Sin3A 招募 HDAC 对组蛋白进行去乙酰基化修饰, CoREST 则作为平台蛋白招募特异的“沉默组件”,以此维持基因沉默 . 最近的研究显示, NRSE dsRNA 能在转录水平与 NRSF 蛋白直接作用,而不是作为 siRNA 或 miRNA 在转录后水平启动神经元特异性基因的表达 .     

植物转录抑制子的结构特征及其作用机理

转录因子依转录调控能力可分为激活子和抑制子。植物转录抑制蛋白的分类依据很多,从作用方式上可分为主动抑制子和被动抑制子两大类：根据与DNA结合的方式则可分为锌指类、MYB类、AP2／EREBP类、bHLH类和bZlP类等。植物主动抑制子通过其含有的抑制域对转录直接起抑制作用。抑制域又可分很多类,但多数为含有类似EAR基序的保守性基序,其上具有几个保守性亮氨酸残基。植物转录抑制子主要通过对激活子或基本转录复合物产生作用及改变染色体结构3种方式来抑制目标基因的转录。有关植物转录抑制子的研究虽很欠缺,但以拟南芥SUPERMAN等抑制子的EAR基序为代表的研究表明,抑制域是阐明植物转录抑制子功能和下游基因表达调控机理的核心对象,而融合抑制子沉默技术（CRES-T）也为人为调控基因沉默带来了新的技术手段。