利用激光微束穿刺法将杀虫蛋白基因导入油菜的研究

利用激光微束照射油菜子叶柄,将来自苏云金杆菌的杀虫蛋白（Ｉｎｓｅｃｔｉｃｉｄａｌｃｒｙｓｔａｌｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＩＣＰ）基因导入油菜细胞中,经植株再生和卡那霉素筛选,获得了转基因植株。对转基因植株进行了ＰＣＲ检测和饲虫实验,发现转基因植株为ＰＣＲ扩增阳性,某些植株表现出了较强的抗虫性。实验结果表明外源抗虫基因已被整合到油菜基因组并得到了表达。     

油菜的遗传转化及抗溴苯腈转基因油菜的获得

以油菜(Brassica napus L.)的下胚轴和子叶为转化受体,建立了油菜的高效转化系统。在此基础上,将抗除草剂溴苯腈基因(bxn基因)导入油菜,获得了抗溴苯腈转基因油菜。分子检测实验证明,转基因油菜中含有bxn基因。转基因油菜可抗高达10~(-3)mol/L的溴苯腈。     

Oilseed Rape Transformation and the Establishment of a Bromoxynil Resistant Transgenic Oilseed Rape

Using hypocotyls and cotyledons as transformed materials, an efficient transformation system of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) was established. Bxn gene (bromoxynil-resistant gene)was introduced into these plants, and bromoxynil-resistant transgenic oilseed rape was obtained. Themolecular monitoring experiments showed that these transgenic plants contained bxn gene. The herbicide experiments showed that these transgenic plants had resistance to 10-3 moL/Lbromoxynil.     

TA29-barnase基因转化菜心

利用根癌农杆菌导入法, 以菜心带柄子叶为外植体, 对TA29-barnase基因转化菜心进行研究。获得转化植株,进行PCR、Southern blotting杂交和半定量RT-PCR检测, 表明目的基因已经整合到转化植株中, 并且目的基因在转基因植株花蕾中得到表达, 但是表达水平在不同转基因植株间存在差别; 转基因植株开花后, 均表现雄性不育, 不能产生花粉或产生没有活力的少量花粉, 自交不能结实; 用未转化植株正常花粉对雄性不育植株进行授粉, 能够正常结实; 保持系(未转化植株)与不育株杂交后代中雄性不育株与可育株的比例为1:1, 在杂交后代植株子叶期, 喷洒10 mg/L的PPT可以完全杀死可育株; 利用其他菜心品种为父本与不育株进行杂交, 获得的F1植株在生长势和产量方面表现优势, 表明开展菜心优势育种具有一定的潜力。     

TA29-barnase基因转化菜心

利用根癌农杆菌导入法, 以菜心带柄子叶为外植体, 对TA29-barnase基因转化菜心进行研究。获得转化植株,进行PCR、Southern blotting杂交和半定量RT-PCR检测, 表明目的基因已经整合到转化植株中, 并且目的基因在转基因植株花蕾中得到表达, 但是表达水平在不同转基因植株间存在差别; 转基因植株开花后, 均表现雄性不育, 不能产生花粉或产生没有活力的少量花粉, 自交不能结实; 用未转化植株正常花粉对雄性不育植株进行授粉, 能够正常结实; 保持系(未转化植株)与不育株杂交后代中雄性不育株与可育株的比例为1:1, 在杂交后代植株子叶期, 喷洒10 mg/L的PPT可以完全杀死可育株; 利用其他菜心品种为父本与不育株进行杂交, 获得的F1植株在生长势和产量方面表现优势, 表明开展菜心优势育种具有一定的潜力。     

甘蓝型油菜PEP基因片段的克隆和种子特异性反义表达载体的构建及转基因油菜的获得

丙酮酸羧化酶(PEP)是控制油菜蛋白质/油脂含量比例的一个种子的含油量.本研究利用PCR法从甘蓝型油菜花油5号(H045)克隆了PEP基因片段,并与载体pBI121-B构建了反义PEP基因的种子特异性植物表达载体,通过激光微束穿刺法将其转化到甘蓝型油菜中,目前已获得了转基因植株.     

根癌农杆菌介导天花粉蛋白基因TCS转化茎瘤芥的研究

以茎瘤芥(Brassica junceavar.tumidaTsen et Lee)的子叶为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)的介导,将天花粉蛋白(Trichosanthin,TCS)基因导入到茎瘤芥中。对所获得的31株抗性植株进行PCR扩增,其中阳性植株为23株;Northern blot分析结果表明基因TCS在转基因植株中能够正常表达。转基因植株接种病毒试验结果表明,转基因TCS的植株对芜菁花叶病毒TuMV的侵染有一定的抑制作用。     

羽衣甘蓝胁迫应答基因BoRS1转化烟草的初步研究

将克隆于羽衣甘蓝的胁迫应答基因BoRS1连入中间载体p35S-2300：：gus：：noster相应位点,成功地构建了含BoRS1基因的植物双元表达载体p35S-2300：：BoRS1：：noster,并通过农杆菌介导法对烟草进行了遗传转化。PCR检测结果表明目的基因BoRS1已成功地导入并整合到烟草基因组中。RT-PCR分析显示,在不同的转基因烟草植株中BoRS1表达量存在差异。转BoRS1烟草的耐干性和甘露醇胁迫研究表明,BoRS1基因的表达对提高植物抗干旱胁迫能力有一定的作用。     

Manipulation of flower structure in transgenic tobacco.

Genetic studies suggest that three homeotic functions, designated A, B, and C, act alone and together to specify the fate of floral organ primordia in distantly related dicotyledonous plant species. To test the genetic model, we have generated transgenic tobacco plants that ectopically express the AGAMOUS gene from Brassica napus, which is necessary for the C function. Flowers on the resulting plants showed homeotic transformations of sepals into carpels and petals into stamens. These phenotypes are consistent with predictions from the genetic model, show that expression of AGAMOUS is sufficient to provide ectopic C function, and demonstrate that the structure of flowers can be manipulated in a predictable manner by altering the expression of a single regulatory gene. Furthermore, the generation of the predicted transformations by ectopic expression of the Brassica gene in transgenic tobacco indicates that gene functions are interchangeable between phylogenetically distant species.     

Induction of Male Sterility in Oilseed Rape by TA29-Barnase Gene

Chimaeric TA29-Barnase gene was introduced into oilseed rape (Brassica napus) of good quality and high yield by Agrobacteriurn tumefaciens transformation. The transgenic plants were obtained and transformed genome was determined by Southern blot analysis. About 90~/40 TA29-Barnase transgenic plants were male sterile. However, about 80% transgenic plants turned to be male fertile at temperature higher than 25 ℃. It suggested that male sterility of these transgenic plants was probably temperature sensitive.     

转拟南芥P5CS1基因增强羽衣甘蓝的耐旱性

为提高羽衣甘蓝的耐旱性,本文将拟南芥Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶（P5CS1）基因经农杆菌介导转入羽衣甘蓝植株中,检测转基因株系与野生型植株在干旱胁迫下P5CS1 mRNA表达量、幼苗脯氨酸含量、株系根系性状、整株干重、鲜重和整株存活率。结果表明,在15%PEG6000渗透胁迫下,转基因植株的P5CS1基因mRNA表达量明显增加,转基因植株脯氨酸含量是野生型的2.4倍;主根长、最长侧根长、侧根数目、整株干重和鲜重均高于野生型,干重/鲜重则低于野生型,转基因植株的平均存活率为78%,极显著高于野生型。数据显示,AtP5CS1基因在羽衣甘蓝中的表达明显改善了转基因植株的耐旱性。     

StP5CS基因转化结球甘蓝的研究

为研究StP5CS基因在结球甘蓝中的耐盐作用,以结球甘蓝下胚轴为外植体,采用农杆菌介导法将耐盐基因StP5CS和抗除草剂Bar基因导入结球甘蓝基因组中,在双丙氨膦的筛选下扩繁、生根,共获得了36株抗性植株。PCR扩增和Southern印迹杂交检测表明:目的基因StP5CS和Bar基因已经成功导入结球甘蓝基因组中。RT-PCR检测表明:StP5CS基因在转录水平也有表达。转基因植株耐盐试验结果显示:高浓度盐处理(400mmol/L NaCl)下,对照植株整株枯死,而转基因植株仍能正常生长;转基因植株的SOD活性、脯氨酸含量和相对膜透性均随盐浓度的升高呈上升趋势,均在400mmol/L NaCl处理下达到最大。结果表明转基因植株对高盐环境有一定的耐受性。     

Cell Specific,Cross-Species Expression of Myrosinases in Brassica Napus,Arabidopsis Thaliana and Nicotiana Tabacum

A prototypical characteristic of the Brassicaceae is the presence of the myrosinase-glucosinolate system. Myrosinase, the only known S-glycosidase in plants, degrades glucosinolates, thereby initiating the formation of isothiocyanates, nitriles and other reactive products with biological activities. We have used myrosinase gene promoters from Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana fused to the beta -glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica napus and/or Nicotiana tabacum plants to compare and determine the cell types expressing the myrosinase genes and the GUS expression regulated by these promoters. The A. thaliana TGG1 promoter directs expression to guard cells and phloem myrosin cell idioblasts of transgenic A. thaliana plants. Expression from the same promoter construct in transgenic tobacco plants lacking the myrosinase enzyme system also directs expression to guard cells. The B. napus Myr1.Bn1 promoter directs a cell specific expression to idioblast myrosin cells of immature and mature seeds and myrosin cells of phloem of B. napus. In A. thaliana the B. napus promoter directs expression to guard cells similar to the expression pattern of TGG1. The Myr1.Bn1 signal peptide targets the gene product to the reticular myrosin grains of myrosin cells. Our results indicate that myrosinase gene promoters from Brassicaceae direct cell, organ and developmental specific expression in B. napus, A. thaliana and N. tabacum.     

转vgb基因油菜的耐涝性

油菜是我国重要的油料作物和蛋白质饲料作物,涝害严重影响了我国油菜产业的发展,提高油菜的耐涝能力对于我国油菜可持续发展具有非常重大的意义。本研究采用PCR、Southern杂交等方法对转vgb基因油菜植株进行鉴定,15 d淹涝实验结果显示,转基因油菜的超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量在淹涝前后的变幅显著低于对照。对淹水后的农艺性状进行调查,转vgb基因的油菜相比较对照抗涝性明显得到增强,证明vgb基因在油菜中的表达对油菜的抗涝性具有显著作用。     

Transgenic tobacco plants expressingBoRS1 gene fromBrassica oleracea var.acephala show enhanced tolerance to water stress

Water stress is by far the leading environmental stress limiting crop yields worldwide. Genetic engineering techniques hold great promise for developing crop cultivars with high tolerance to water stress. In this study, theBrassica oleracea var.acephala BoRS1 gene was transferred into tobacco throughAgrobacterium- mediated leaf disc transformation. The transgenic status and transgene expression of the transgenic plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, Southern hybridization and semi-quantitative one step RT-PCR analysis respectively. Subsequently, the growth status under water stress, and physiological responses to water stress of transgenic tobacco were studied. The results showed that the transgenic plants exhibited better growth status under water stress condition compared to the untransformed control plants. In physiological assessment of water tolerance, transgenic plants showed more dry matter accumulation and maintained significantly higher levels of leaf chlorophyll content along with increasing levels of water stress than the untransformed control plants. This study shows thatBoRS1 is a candidate gene in the engineering of crops for enhanced water stress tolerance.     

A male sterility-associated cytotoxic protein ORF288 in Brassica juncea causes aborted pollen development

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenomenon in higher plants, and several studies have established that this maternally inherited defect is often associated with a mitochondrial mutant. Approximately 10 chimeric genes have been identified as being associated with corresponding CMS systems in the family Brassicaceae, but there is little direct evidence that these genes cause male sterility. In this study, a novel chimeric gene (named orf288) was found to be located downstream of the atp6 gene and co-transcribed with this gene in the hau CMS sterile line. Western blotting analysis showed that this predicted open reading frame (ORF) was translated in the mitochondria of male-sterile plants. Furthermore, the growth of Escherichia coli was significantly repressed in the presence of ORF288, which indicated that this protein is toxic to the E. coli host cells. To confirm further the function of orf288 in male sterility, the gene was fused to a mitochondrial-targeting pre-sequence under the control of the Arabidopsis APETALA3 promoter and introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. Almost 80% of transgenic plants with orf288 failed to develop anthers. It was also found that the independent expression of orf288 caused male sterility in transgenic plants, even without the transit pre-sequence. Furthermore, transient expression of orf288 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a fused protein in A. thaliana protoplasts showed that ORF288 was able to anchor to mitochondria even without the external mitochondrial-targeting peptide. These observations provide important evidence that orf288 is responsible for the male sterility of hau CMS in Brassica juncea.     

HAL1 mediate salt adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana

INTRODUCTIONSalinity is a major environmental stress that isa substantial constraint to crop production both fordry land and irrigated agriculture. The detrimental impact of this stress is perpetuated and exacerbated by management practices used to facilitatehigh-output crop production. To overcome theselimitations and improve production efficiency in theface of a burgeoning world population, more salt tolerant crops must be developed. In contrast with traditional breeding, the direct ill…