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1.
Les insectes butineurs de Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae) ont été étudiés durant les floraisons de 2001 et de 2002 dans la région de Constantine (est algérien). Les observations ont montré que la majorité des visiteurs de la plante sont des hyménoptères apoïdes. Apis mellifera L., Ceratina cucurbitina Rossi, Megachile leachella Curtis et M. pilidens Alfken sont les espèces les plus fréquentes sur les fleurs. Les proportions de visites des abeilles sont plus élevées sur les fleurs staminées que sur les fleurs pistilées. En moyenne, les quatre espèces ont visité entre 6 et 8 fleurs par minute et leurs durées de visite sur les fleurs pistilées sont significativement plus lentes en comparaison avec les fleurs staminées. 相似文献
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Introduced honeybees have become well established throughout Australia and concerns have been raised about their impact on the native flora and fauna. Such concerns include the possible depletion of nectar resources by honeybees to the detriment of native animals and the ability of honeybees to pollinate Australian plants. The foraging patterns and resource utilization of honeybees (Apis mellifera) and native insects on flowers of yellow Mallee (Eucalyptus costata) (Behr & F. Muell, ex F. Muell.) were studied in Wyperfeld National Park during spring 1994. Seventy-four insect species visited the flowers with the most prevalent being honeybees, native bees (Lasioglossum and Hylaeus) and ants (Iridiomyrmex). Honeybees began foraging at lower temperatures than native bees and hence had initial access to the nectar supply that was primarily produced overnight by E. costata. However, the majority (90%) of early morning visits to flowers by honeybees involved the collection of pollen. Honeybees did not forage for nectar in substantial numbers until after native insects were active. Despite both consumption and evaporation, nectar supplies remained available at midday and at one site remained available for consumption at dusk. Honeybees regularly made contact with the receptive stigmata while foraging for pollen and hence had pollen loads consisting of numerous E. costata grains present on their body. These activities are indicative of the behaviour required by insects to facilitate pollination. Given the unique morphology of many native flowers and the contrasting findings from studies to date, it is critical that generalisations about the effect of honeybees in the Australian environment are not made from studies on a limited number of native plant species. 相似文献
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Júlia R. Riguette Henrique R. C. Pereira Juliétty A. Tesch Ary G. Silva 《Ecology and evolution》2018,8(15):7667-7672
The buzzing foraging behavior of female bees for pollen harvesting called the attention of early pollination biologists. Flower types that demand this buzzing behavior comprise about 20,000 species of different and phylogenetically unrelated plant taxa, suggesting that it had independently evolved many times among the flowering plants. Between the late 1970s and early 1980s, theoretical papers had modeled the energetics of buzz pollination, but, up to this moment, no hypothesis was experimentally tested concerning the theoretical basis of the energetics of buzz pollination. We present a cost‐effective and simple apparatus, including a digital and highly accurate frequency generator, and a device for the transference of buzz‐frequency energy to the receptive floral unity. The receptive floral unities may comprise the entire or partial androecium, or the tubular corolla, or, in some cases, the whole flower. This apparatus can be easily used in both laboratory and field conditions of research, as natural air currents are avoided, and the response of pollen liberation can be quantitatively measured by pollen grain counts that can be captured by adhesion in slide poured with an isosmotic lactate–glycerol media. The maximum displacement of the hardwire beam/claw system was 0.1170 ± 0.0006 mm @ 150 Hz; 0.021 ± 0.003 mm @ 250 Hz; 0.010 ± 0.001 mm @ 350 Hz; 0.0058 ± 0.0001 mm @ 450 Hz; and 0.0082 ± 0.0005 mm @ 550 Hz. Hypothesis contrasting frequency emission and pollen liberation measured as pollen grain counts may be tested in a species flower type by simple linear regression if pollen counts are normally distributed, or ordinal logistic regression, with non‐normal counts. The comparison among different flower‐type requirements can be tested through appropriate statistical methods for both normally and non‐normally distributed pollen grain counts. 相似文献
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Georgios Nakas Maria Lazarina Taxiarchoula-Tzoanna Chtenelli Stefanos Sgardelis Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos Jelle Devalez Theodora Petanidou 《Ecological Entomology》2024,49(1):41-53
- Fire is a common worldwide disturbance that affected the evolution of life and shaped plant and animal diversity; this is especially applicable in the Mediterranean.
- In this study, we explore the response to fire of two eusocial bee species of Halictidae, namely, Lasioglossum marginatum (Brullé, 1832) and Lasioglossum malachurum (Kirby, 1802), as to their population number, body size and pollination specialisation.
- The study was carried out on Chios Island, Greece, during the first 3 years after a wildfire (2013–2015). Fire effect was examined from a spatial viewpoint by comparing unburnt with burnt sites and from a temporal one by comparing populations among different postfire years.
- We found that L. malachurum populations increased with time after fire, while they were more abundant in the burnt sites during the second postfire year. In contrast, L. marginatum populations decreased in both burnt and unburnt sites, which suggests that the decline was not an effect of the fire alone.
- Insect body size differed among years for both species, with L. marginatum individuals being smaller in the burnt sites compared to the unburnt, albeit only in the first postfire year. Finally, both species show high partner fidelity but to different plant partners.
- Our results underscore the importance of studies focusing on the effects of a disturbance at the intraspecific level. However long-term monitoring is required, especially in the context of the global pollinator crisis and the more frequent and severe wildfires as an effect of climate change.
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芍药的访花昆虫和传粉昆虫 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
20 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年对内蒙古赤峰市高格斯台罕乌拉自然保护区内野生芍药 (PaeonialactifloraPall.)和内蒙古农校芍药园内栽培品种芍药的访花昆虫进行调查 ,经整理鉴定有 2 9种 ,自然保护区内芍药的访花昆虫种类有 1 7种 ,芍药园内的访花昆虫有 1 7种。根据传粉行为和数量的比较确定了自然保护区内主要传粉昆虫为丽斑芫菁、黄胫宽花天牛、黑胫宽花天牛、短毛斑金龟、饥星花金龟、白星花金龟和大淡脉隧蜂 ;芍药园内的主要传粉昆虫为意大利蜜蜂、棕边管食蚜蝇、长尾管食蚜蝇、大淡脉隧蜂、灰带管食蚜蝇和小淡脉隧蜂。 相似文献
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蜜蜂Apisspp.是一种社会性昆虫。社会性昆虫在对它们群体自身数量和巢穴环境的调节方面表现出明显的稳态特点,Emerson将这种稳态调节称为社会性稳态。蜂群中花粉的储存量就具有稳态的特点。蜂群的花粉采集行为是由蜂群对花粉的需要决定的。关于蜜蜂花粉采集行为的调控机制,目前的研究主要集中于是哪些信息以及蜂群是如何识别这些信息从而调控其采粉行为,主要形成了直接识别和间接识别2种假说。对这2种假说进行综述。 相似文献
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Reducing geitonogamy (pollen transfer among flowers within the same plant) has been suggested as a major selective force for plants with multiple flowers. The occurrence of geitonogamy is generally different among flowers within inflorescences; however, no researchers have examined whether plants enlarge their display size without increasing the possibility of geitonogamy by presenting more flowers at positions where they are less likely to be geitonogamously pollinated. We observed that bumblebee pollinators foraged upward within the tower‐shaped inflorescences of protandrous Megacodon stylophorus (C. B. Clarke) Harry Sm. Because M. stylophorus did not strictly bloom bottom‐up, there were substantial frequencies of geitonogamous pollination resulting from upward and horizontal pollen transfer. Although there was a strong correlation between total numbers of flowers plants produced and numbers of flowers presented on single days, proportions of flowers possibly geitonogamously pollinated were weakly correlated with total numbers of flowers. This might have been because plants with more resources enlarged their display size by producing more flowers on lower floors where flowers had a low probability of being geitonogamously pollinated. This study shows that the tower‐shaped inflorescences of M. stylophorus enlarge their size without more cost of geitonogamous mating, suggesting that geitonogamy acts as an important selective agent in the evolution of inflorescence architectures. 相似文献
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小峰熊蜂访花偏爱性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
传粉昆虫在访花时,通常会表现出对某一类型花的偏爱性。本研究利用人工制作的大小、颜色、形态和气味不同的9种类型的花来研究小峰熊蜂Bombus hypocrita的访花偏爱性。结果表明：当增加花的大小、形态、气味等附加特征数时,小峰熊蜂的偏爱性程度与花朵附加特征数有显著相关性（P<0.01）。当花朵颜色由2种增加到4种,熊蜂对紫色花的偏爱性程度降低,但花朵颜色的种类与小峰熊蜂的访花偏爱性没有相关性（P>0.05）,花颜色的种类对熊蜂访紫色花的偏爱性影响不大。大小为5 cm的紫花被访次数（108±9次）明显高于大小为3 cm的紫花被访次数（40±4次）（P<0.01）,说明熊蜂明显喜欢访大花瓣的紫花。完全盛开的紫花被访次数（129±13次）显著高于刚绽放的花被访次数（26±3次）（P<0.01）,说明熊蜂喜欢访盛开的紫花。柠檬味的紫花被访次数（63±8次）明显低于草莓味的紫色花被访次数（88±2次）（P<0.05）,说明熊蜂喜欢访草莓味的花朵。 相似文献
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The superiority of bumblebees to honeybees as pollinators: insect visits to raspberry flowers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract.
- 1 The behaviour and activity patterns of Apis mellifera and of five species of Bombus were analysed in relation to climatic variables and nectar quality on three varieties of unsprayed cultivated raspberry (Rubus idaeus) in eastern Scotland.
- 2 Stages of floral morphology and reward were similar for the three varieties: young flowers offered both nectar and pollen, but medium and old flowers offered nectar only, in diminishing quantities.
- 3 A wide range of insects visited raspberry flowers, but bees were dominant, bumblebees being responsible for about 60% of all visits and honeybees making up most of the remaining percentage. All bees had substantial pollen deposited on their bodies during visits, though few specifically collected it.
- 4 Bombus spp. were found to favour young (receptive) flowers strongly, especially early in the morning when pollen was most abundant: whilst Apis visited unselectively. Bumblebees also foraged over substantially longer periods of the day, and in poorer weather, some being present at most times of observation; and they foraged more quickly in terms of flower visits per minute.
- 5 Bombus carried more pollen on their bodies than Apis, and also deposited more pollen on raspberry stigmas, with B.lapidarius and B.terrestris being particularly effective and also being the most abundant species. All bumblebees also foraged over a longer range, moving between canes and rows more frequently than did honeybees.
- 6 Bumblebees are therefore likely to be substantially more important as pollinators of raspberries than are honeybees, especially as raspberries though moderately self-fertile may exhibit metaxenia. Reasons why Bombus may be the preferred pollinator in most sites of raspberry cultivation are discussed, together with implications for present and future growers.
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PENG LI YI-BO LUO YIN-XIA DENG YONG KOU 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2008,156(4):491-499
The pollination ecology of Cypripedium henryi Rolfe, a slipper orchid endemic to west China, was investigated, and its floral shape, size, colour, and scent were analysed. Examination of the breeding system suggests that the flowers are self-compatible, but need pollen vectors for successful reproduction. The flower is rewardless; over 15 insects belonging to Araneida, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera were recorded as flower visitors, but most only alighted or rested on the flower. In the total 32 h of observations over 2 years, female Lasioglossum bees were found to be the most frequent visitors and the only pollinators. They showed a high visitation frequency and, surprisingly, re-visited the same flowers frequently. Cypripedium henryi probably attracts pollinators visiting the flowers through general food deception (odour components, colour, false nectar guides), as well as special structures (slippery labellum, slippery staminode). Although three Lasioglossum species visited the flowers, only L. sauterum Fan et Ebmer was found with pollen. Lasioglossum flavohirtum Ebmer was large and climbed out from the entrance. Morphologically, L. sichuanense Fan et Ebmer could be considered as a potential pollinator, but the collected specimens were found to have no pollen of C. henryi on their bodies. It was speculated that the particular floral scent of C. henryi discouraged the entrance of L. sichuanense bees. Lasioglossum sauterum was matched morphologically to the flower, but not all of the visitations resulted in effective pollinations, as some flowers of C. henryi were frequently re-visited and the pollen mass had been taken away by bees on previous visitations. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2008, 156 , 491–499. 相似文献
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唐立;王欢;张琪;徐希莲;阎雄飞;曲焱焱 《昆虫学报》2025,68(3):300-310
【目的】意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica和地熊蜂Bombus terrestris是设施甜樱桃Prunus avium授粉应用最广泛的两个蜂种;二者的生物学特性和采集行为差异较大。本研究旨在在设施甜樱桃上观察比较这两个蜂种的采集行为与授粉效果差异;为更好利用两个蜂种服务于设施樱桃授粉提供依据。【方法】2023年2月在北京市顺义区双河果园中对意大利蜜蜂和地熊蜂在甜樱桃初花期和盛花期的晴天和阴天的采集行为进行监测;评价二者对设施甜樱桃的授粉效果;同时监测设施环境下的温度、相对湿度和光照强度的动态变化;分析采集频次(出巢频次和携粉巢归频次)与环境因子的关系。【结果】在晴天和阴天;意大利蜜蜂和地熊蜂的出巢频次和携粉归巢频次均与温度呈现正相关;在阴天二者的出巢频次和携粉归巢频次与相对湿度呈现负相关。意大利蜜蜂的采集行为比地熊蜂更容易受到光照强度的影响;在晴天和阴天出巢频次和携粉归巢频次与光照强度均表现出显著相关性;而地熊蜂只有在阴天的出巢频次和携粉归巢频次与光照强度呈现显著正相关。两种蜂在晴天的采集高峰分别为11:00-12:00和14:00-15:00;在阴天分别为14:00-15:00和15:00-16:00。意大利蜜蜂和地熊蜂在甜樱桃盛花期的出巢频次和携粉归巢频次均高于初花期。意大利蜜蜂的每分钟访花数量在全天各时间段均低于地熊蜂;单朵花访问时间高于地熊蜂。两种蜂授粉后的甜樱桃坐果率、单果重、果实生长速率和果形指数方面无显著差异。【结论】意大利蜜蜂和地熊蜂均可作为设施甜樱桃的高效传粉媒介;可根据授粉期天气情况选择适宜的蜂种;或调整设施环境条件;以达到最佳的授粉效果。 相似文献
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Bradley D. Ohlinger Roger Schürch Mary R. Silliman Taylor N. Steele Margaret J. Couvillon 《Biology letters》2022,18(8)
Much like human consumers, honeybees adjust their behaviours based on resources'' supply and demand. For both, interactions occur in fluctuating conditions. Honeybees weigh the cost of flight against the benefit of nectar and pollen, which are nutritionally distinct resources that serve different purposes: bees collect nectar continuously to build large honey stores for overwintering, but they collect pollen intermittently to build modest stores for brood production periods. Therefore, nectar foraging can be considered a supply-driven process, whereas pollen foraging is demand-driven. Here we compared the foraging distances, communicated by waggle dances and serving as a proxy for cost, for nectar and pollen in three ecologically distinct landscapes in Virginia. We found that honeybees foraged for nectar at distances 14% further than for pollen across all three sites (n = 6224 dances, p < 0.001). Specific temporal dynamics reveal that monthly nectar foraging occurs at greater distances compared with pollen foraging 85% of the time. Our results strongly suggest that honeybee foraging cost dynamics are consistent with nectar supply-driven and pollen demand-driven processes. 相似文献
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Lisa J. Evans Brian T. Cutting Mateusz Jochym Milena A. Janke Crystal Felman Sarah Cross Marine Jacob Mark Goodwin 《Ecology and evolution》2019,9(10):5708-5719
The widespread use of protective covers in horticulture represents a novel landscape‐level change, presenting the challenges for crop pollination. Honeybees (Apis mellifera L) are pollinators of many crops, but their behavior can be affected by conditions under covers. To determine how netting crop covers can affect honeybee foraging dynamics, colony health, and pollination services, we assessed the performance of 52 nucleus honeybee colonies in five covered and six uncovered kiwifruit orchards. Colony strength was estimated pre‐ and postintroduction, and the foraging of individual bees (including pollen, nectar, and naïve foragers) was monitored in a subset of the hives fitted with RFID readers. Simultaneously, we evaluated pollination effectiveness by measuring flower visitation rates and the number of seeds produced after single honeybee visits. Honeybee colonies under cover exhibited both an acute loss of foragers and changes in the behavior of successful foragers. Under cover, bees were roughly three times less likely to return after their first trip outside the hive. Consequently, the number of adult bees in hives declined at a faster rate in these orchards, with colonies losing on average 1,057 ± 274 of their bees in under two weeks. Bees that did forage under cover completed fewer trips provisioning their colony, failing to reenter after a few short‐duration trips. These effects are likely to have implications for colony health and productivity. We also found that bee density (bees/thousand flowers) and visitation rates to flowers were lower under cover; however, we did not detect a resultant change in pollination. Our findings highlight the need for environment‐specific management techniques for pollinators. Improving honeybee orientation under covers and increasing our understanding of the effects of covers on bee nutrition and brood rearing should be primary objectives for maintaining colonies and potentially improving pollination in these systems. 相似文献
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明亮熊蜂和意大利蜜蜂在温室桃园的访花行为和传粉生态学比较 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
2004—2006年连续3年应用明亮熊蜂和意大利蜜蜂在北京为温室桃园传粉,对其访花行为和传粉生态学进行研究.结果表明：两种蜂都可以替代人工掸花为温室桃园提供有效的传粉服务.两种蜂的访花行为和传粉效果不同,明亮熊蜂偏爱于采集花粉,主要以震动翅膀的方式来使花粉释放和传播,而意大利蜜蜂偏爱于采集花蜜,主要以身体接触的方式来粘附和传播花粉;明亮熊蜂的活动起点温度低、日工作时间长、访花速度快,在低温条件下比意大利蜜蜂的传粉效果好;意大利蜜蜂的趋光性强,飞撞温室塑料薄膜的现象严重,受温度和光照条件的影响较大,对温室环境的适应性较差. 相似文献
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H. Charles J. Godfray Tjeerd Blacquière Linda M. Field Rosemary S. Hails Gillian Petrokofsky Simon G. Potts Nigel E. Raine Adam J. Vanbergen Angela R. McLean 《Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society》2014,281(1786)
There is evidence that in Europe and North America many species of pollinators are in decline, both in abundance and distribution. Although there is a long list of potential causes of this decline, there is concern that neonicotinoid insecticides, in particular through their use as seed treatments are, at least in part, responsible. This paper describes a project that set out to summarize the natural science evidence base relevant to neonicotinoid insecticides and insect pollinators in as policy-neutral terms as possible. A series of evidence statements are listed and categorized according to the nature of the underlying information. The evidence summary forms the appendix to this paper and an annotated bibliography is provided in the electronic supplementary material. 相似文献
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HANS BÄNZIGER HAIQIN SUN YI-BO LUO 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2005,148(3):251-264
Cypripedium guttatum was studied in north-west Yunnan at 3490 m a.s.l. The flowers are rewardless 'kettle traps'. The structure of the lip, where pollinators are temporarily kept prisoner, and the method of their capture, are unusual in being Paphiopedilum - rather than Cypripedium -like. The deceptive orchid does not mimic any of the diverse flowers concurrently blooming in the habitat, all being visited by the polylectic pollinators of C. guttatum , viz . Lasioglossum virideglaucum, L. clypeinitens and L. sauterum , besides two additional probable pollinators and four non-pollinating visitors (all Halictidae; three new species). The bees got caught when they tried to climb onto the staminode and their forelegs slid down its slippery downward ridges, causing them to tumble to the pouch bottom. To leave, they had to climb a tunnel leading past the stigma to the anthers where a pollen smear was acquired while extruding themselves from the narrow exit. The similarities with myiophylous Paphiopedilum are discussed in view of the possibility that they may foreshadow evolutionary transitions between melittophily and myiophily found in slipper orchids. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 148 , 251–264. 相似文献
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Abstract. 1. The western honeybee, Apis mellifera, has been introduced to many parts of the world and is sometimes purported to be detrimental to native bees because it reduces their food base. It is seldom viewed in this light in Europe; however, when beekeepers maintain very high bee densities, the species could also be displacing insects in its native European range by reducing the resource base. 2. In England, populations of bumblebees (Bombus Latr. Hym.) have been decreasing both in terms of diversity and abundance, mainly because of a loss of habitat resulting from agricultural intensification. The impact of competition from other flower feeders is largely unknown. 3. Nineteen dry lowland heaths in southern England were sampled once for honeybees and bumblebees. Honeybee abundance varied from 4 to 81 bees per 100 m2 (mean = 30.89, median = 23), whereas bumblebees varied from 2 to 17 individuals per 100 m2 (mean = 8.26, median = 7), belonging to between one and five species. There was a negative association between honeybee and bumblebee abundance but there was no apparent relationship between honeybee abundance and bumblebee diversity. 4. The Bray–Curtis coefficient was used to compare the similarity in honeybee and bumblebee floral host breadth at these 19 sites. The coefficient was negatively associated with honeybee abundance: thus where honeybees were most abundant, bumblebees were fewer and/or foraged on different flower species. 5. Foraging host breadth was also examined at four heathlands over a field season (April to September). No association between honeybee abundance and foraging host breadth was found for short‐tongued bees, although there was some evidence for a change in floral host breadth for long‐tongued bees. 6. It is concluded that the impact of honeybees on bumblebees is complex. Although competition between the two species cannot be ruled out, it is perhaps equally likely that bumblebees decline in response to other factors, and that honeybees move independently of this decline. 相似文献