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1.
M. Van SLUYS D. VRCIBRADIC M. A. S. ALVES H. G. BERGALLO C. F. D. ROCHA 《Austral ecology》2007,32(3):254-260
Abstract The Atlantic Rainforest originally covered much of the Brazilian coast and is now reduced to approximately only 7% of its original area. Data on abundance distribution and microhabitat characteristics of anuran amphibians living on the forest floor leaf litter in the Atlantic Rainforest are scarce. In this study, we analysed the effect of litter depth and structure on the abundance and species richness of leaf‐litter frogs in an area of Atlantic Rainforest at Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, south‐eastern Brazil. We performed monthly samples (nocturnal and diurnal) from August 1996 to October 1997 using small (2 m × 1 m) plots. We sampled 234 plots, totalling 468 m2 of forest leaf litter. We estimated leaf‐litter depth and the proportion of leaves in the plot and tested their effect on the total abundance of frogs and species richness using multiple regression analysis. We found 185 frogs from eight species: Brachycephalus (=Psyllophryne) didactylus (Izecksohn, 1971) (Brachycephalidae), Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus Jiménez de la Espada 1871 (Bufonidae), Adenomera marmorata Steindachner 1867, Eleutherodactylus parvus (Girard 1853), Eleutherodactylus guentheri (Steindachner 1864), Eleutherodactylus binotatus (Spix 1824) and Zachaenus parvulus (Girard 1853) (Leptodactylidae), and Chiasmocleis sp. (Microhylidae). Brachycephalus didactylus was the most abundant species, with 91 individuals, whereas Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus was the rarest, with two individuals. Mean litter depth and the proportion of leaves in the leaf litter were significantly related to frog abundance (R2 = 0.17; F2,107 = 10.779; P = 0.0001) and species richness (R2 = 0.11; F2,107 = 6.375; P = 0.002) indicating that microhabitat characteristics may affect local distribution and abundance of frogs in the forest floor. 相似文献
2.
Ectoparasites collected from wild mammals of Ilha Grande, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are listed. The most frequent species of mammal was Proechimys dimidiatus (Gunther, 1877); Gigantolaelaps oudemansi Fonseca, 1939 and Polygenis lakoi Guimar?es, 1948 were the predominant species of acari and fleas, respectively. 相似文献
3.
Rejan Rodrigues Guedes-Bruni Ary Gomes da Silva Waldir Mantovani 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2009,18(2):387-403
Rare species are one of the principal components of the species richness and diversity encountered in Dense Ombrophilous Tropical
Forests. This study sought to analyze the rare canopy species within the Atlantic Coastal Forest in Rio de Janeiro State,
Brazil. Six different communities were examined: Dense Ombrophilous alluvial Forest; Dense sub-montane Ombrophilous Forest;
Dense Montane Ombrophilous in Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira. In each area the vegetation was sampled within forty
10 × 25 m plots alternately distributed along a linear transect. All trees with DBH (1.3 m above ground level) ≥5 cm were
sampled. The canopy was characterized using the allometric relationship between diameter and height, and included all trees
with BDH ≥10 cm and height ≥10 m. A total of 64 families, 206 genera, and 542 species were sampled, of which 297 (54.8%) represented
rare species (less than one individual per hectare). The percentage of rare species varied from 34 to 50% in each of the different
communities sampled. A majority of these rare trees belonged to the Rosidae, and a smaller proportion to the Dilleniidae.
It was concluded that there was no apparent pattern to rarity among families, that rarity was probably derived from a number
of processes (such as gap formation), and that a great majority of the rare species sampled were consistently rare. This indicates
that the restricted geographic distribution and high degree of endemism of many arboreal taxa justifies the conservation of
even small fragments of Atlantic Forest. 相似文献
4.
Cátia Callado Sebastião da Silva Neto Fábio Scarano Cecília Costa 《Trees - Structure and Function》2001,15(8):492-497
The periodicity of growth ring formation was studied in Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC, Tabebuia umbellata (Sond.) Sandwith, Symphonia globulifera L., and Alchornea sidifolia Müll. Arg. in a swamp forest within the Atlantic Rain Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Mechanical wounds of the vascular cambium allowed cyclic growth to be observed, and the position of latewood relative to the wounds was analysed. Radial growth was correlated with phenology, temperature, precipitation, photoperiod, flooding regime, and endogenous rhythms. All species showed annual growth rings; however, there were different patterns of radial growth. Phenology was an important factor influencing the activity of the vascular cambium. The period of leaf abscission was correlated with the formation of latewood in three of the species studied, but it occurred at different times for each species. Flooding was a determinant of periodic growth in T. cassinoides; photoperiod was indirectly responsible for radial growth rhythm in T. umbellata, and endogenous rhythms accounted for the radial growth rhythm of S. globulifera and A. sidifolia. 相似文献
5.
Souza NA Andrade-Coêlho CA Vilela ML Rangel EF 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2001,96(3):319-324
During two consecutive years, studies on the sand fly fauna in Po?o das Antas and Fazenda Bom Retiro, two Atlantic Rain Forest Reserves from the State of Rio de Janeiro, were performed using Shannon traps, CDC light traps and human bait collections. Eleven species were identified; Lutzomyia longipalpis, L. migonei, L. edwardsi, L. intermedia, L. whitmani, L. fischeri, L. shannoni, L. ayrozai, L. hirsuta, L. monticola and L. misionensis (first occurrence in the State of Rio de Janeiro). L. intermedia and L. whitmani were the predominant anthropophilic species around houses, while L. hirsuta predominated in the forest. 相似文献
6.
A multimetric index based on benthic macroinvertebrates for evaluation of Atlantic Forest streams at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Darcilio F. Baptista Daniel F. Buss Mariana Egler Alexandre Giovanelli Mariana P. Silveira Jorge L. Nessimian 《Hydrobiologia》2007,575(1):83-94
This study describes the application of a protocol for biological assessment of water quality at first to third order streams
at Serra dos órg?os, an area covered by Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Major impacts in the region are domestic
effluents and deforestation. Our main objective is to establish biocriteria for the establishment of the Serra dos órg?os
Multimetric Index (SOMI) based on benthic macroinvertebrates. We used data from previous studies, sampled by experienced biologists,
from 1999 through 2002. The benthic macroinvertebrate community was sampled in 12 reference sites and seven impaired sites
in three river basins: Guapimirim, Macaé and Grande, all from the same bioregion. From the 22 tested metrics, 6 were included
in the SOMI (% Diptera, % Coleoptera, Family Taxa, EPT Taxa, BMWP-CETEC and % Shredders). Scores (5, 3 or 1) were developed
for these metrics to allow for aggregation into the index. Seven intermediately impaired sites were used for evaluating the
applicability of the multimetric index. We concluded that the SOMI is a robust easy-to-apply tool for biomonitoring programs
in the Serra dos órg?os region, south-east Brazil.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at and is accessible for authorised users.
Handling editor: D. Dudgeon 相似文献
7.
Renata Bortolasse Miguel Paulo Cesar Peiter Hermano de Albuquerque José Rodrigues Coura Patrícia Ganzenmüller Moza Anielle de Pina Costa Patricia Brasil Martha Cecília Suárez-Mutis 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2014,109(5):634-640
The lethality of malaria in the extra-Amazonian region is more than 70 times higher
than in Amazonia itself. Recently, several studies have shown that autochthonous
malaria is not a rare event in the Brazilian southeastern states in the Atlantic
Forest biome. Information about autochthonous malaria in the state of Rio de Janeiro
(RJ) is scarce. This study aims to assess malaria cases reported to the Health
Surveillance System of the State of Rio de Janeiro between 2000-2010. An average of
90 cases per year had parasitological malaria confirmation by thick smear. The number
of malaria notifications due to Plasmodium falciparum increased over
time. Imported cases reported during the period studied were spread among 51% of the
municipalities (counties) of the state. Only 35 cases (4.3%) were autochthonous,
which represents an average of 3.8 new cases per year. Eleven municipalities reported
autochthonous cases; within these, six could be characterised as areas of residual or
new foci of malaria from the Atlantic Forest system. The other 28 municipalities
could become receptive for transmission reintroduction. Cases occurred during all
periods of the year, but 62.9% of cases were in the first semester of each year.
Assessing vulnerability and receptivity conditions and vector ecology is imperative
to establish the real risk of malaria reintroduction in RJ. 相似文献
8.
Capone D Wanke B Monteiro PC Lazéra MS de Noronha Andrade G do Valle AC Moreno AM Londero AT 《Mycopathologia》1999,145(2):75-79
Three cases of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis affecting aged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are reported.
They had a history of recurrent episodes of respiratory infection and presented radiological lung lesions inducing a misdiagnosis
of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis of the adults. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis, suggested by the immunodiffusion test and
the detection of yeastlike cells in smeared and stained sputum, was confirmed by the isolation and identification of Histoplasma
capsulatum var. capsulatum in selective media. The treatment was carried out with amphothericin B and ketoconazole or itraconazole.
Clinical, radiologic, mycologic and serologic improvement was obtained in all the patients. However, relapses occurred within
a period of 1 to 18 months after the interruption of the treatment. Mycological diagnosis and the difficulties observed in
the tretament were discussed. In addition data on the epidemiology of histoplasmosis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
were presented.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Christina W. C. Branco Betina Kozlowsky-Suzuki Susana José De Paggi 《Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment》2013,48(3):255-265
Abstract A four-year study of species composition of the zooplankton community was conducted at Lagoa Comprida, a Brazilian coastal lagoon. Forty-two species of rotifers were recorded and illustrated. All rotifer species, except Lecane boettgeri Koste, 1986 and Macrochaetus kostei, José de Paggi, Branco &; Kozlowsky-Suzuki, 2000, have already been found in other areas of Brazil. Some factors, which probably favored the dominant richness and density of rotifers in the zooplankton community, are discussed. 相似文献
10.
11.
We studied some parameters of the parasitism by the mite Hannemonia sp. on the endemic frog Hylodes phyllodes in the Atlantic Forest of Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Prevalence, mean abundance, mean intensity and total intensity of infestation, body regions infected, and host sexual differences in parasitism rate of the larvae of Hannemania sp. on individuals of H. phyllodes were assessed. Prevalence was 86.5% (N = 37; total of 1,745 larvae of Hannemania sp) for male hosts and 91.7% (N = 12; total of 330 larvae) for female hosts, with no significant difference between the sexes. Overall prevalence of Hannemania sp. on H. phyllodes was 87.7%. Mean intensity of infestation in males (54.5 +/- 42.5; range 1-173 larvae) was higher than in females (29.9 +/- 47.6; range 1-166). We conclude that the rates of intensity, abundance, and prevalence of Hannemania larvae parasitizing Hylodes phyllodes at Ilha Grande were considerably high, suggesting that this species of anuran constitutes a relevant host for this mite species to complete its life-cycle in the area. Differences between males and females in infestation rates probably reflect their differential use of space in the forest. 相似文献
12.
Pacheco AG Durovni B Cavalcante SC Lauria LM Moore RD Moulton LH Chaisson RE Golub JE 《PloS one》2008,3(9):e3132
Background
We studied the incidence of tuberculosis, AIDS, AIDS deaths and AIDS-TB co-infection at the population level in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil where universal and free access to combination antiretroviral therapy has been available since 1997.Methodology/Principal Findings
This was a retrospective surveillance database match of Rio de Janeiro databases from 1995–2004. Proportions of tuberculosis occurring within 30 days and between 30 days and 1 year after AIDS diagnosis were determined. Generalized additive models fitted with cubic splines with appropriate estimating methods were used to describe rates and proportions over time. Overall, 90,806 tuberculosis cases and 16,891 AIDS cases were reported; 3,125 tuberculosis cases within 1 year of AIDS diagnosis were detected. Tuberculosis notification rates decreased after 1997 from a fitted rate (fR per 100,000) of 166.5 to 138.8 in 2004. AIDS incidence rates increased 26% between 1995 and 1998 (30.7 to 38.7) followed by a 33.3% decrease to 25.8 in 2004. AIDS mortality rates decreased dramatically after antiretroviral therapy was introduced between 1995 (27.5) and 1999 (13.4). The fitted proportion (fP) of patients with tuberculosis diagnosed within one year of AIDS decreased from 1995 (24.4%) to1998 (15.2%), remaining stable since. Seventy-five percent of tuberculosis diagnoses after an AIDS diagnosis occurred within 30 days of AIDS diagnosis.Conclusions/Significance
Our results suggest that while combination ART should be considered an essential component of the response to the HIV and HIV/tuberculosis epidemics, it may not be sufficient alone to prevent progression from latent TB to active disease among HIV-infected populations. When tuberculosis is diagnosed prior to or at the same time as AIDS and ART has not yet been initiated, then ART is ineffective as a tuberculosis prevention strategy for these patients. Earlier HIV/AIDS diagnosis and ART initiation may reduce TB incidence in HIV/AIDS patients. More specific interventions will be required if HIV-related tuberculosis incidence is to continue to decline. 相似文献13.
E F Rangel N A Souza E D Wermelinger A C Azevedo A F Barbosa C A Andrade 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》1986,81(3):347-349
In Vargem Grande, an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in State of Rio de Janeiro, where Lutzomyia intermedia had been found infected with Leishmania braziliensis, we performed a series of captures of sandflies to increase the knowledge on their behaviour. The following species were found among 8,671 sandflies collected: L. intermedia, L. migonei, L. longipalpis, L. lanei, L. fischeri, L. firmatoi, L. monticola, L. schreiberi, L. whitmani, L. pelloni, L. barrettoi e L. (Pi) sp. Inside houses and outdoors close to the houses, on human bait and in light traps, the predominant species was L. intermedia, followed by L. migonei, both being more numerous between 9 and 11 p.m. than from 6 to 8 p.m. In a plantation, L. migonei was predominant. In simultaneous captures on man and dog as baits, L. intermedia was more frequent on the former, L. migonei on the latter. 相似文献
14.
The present work reports the length–weight relationships (LWR) for 20 fish species from the Guandu River basin, Southeastern, Brazil, a lotic system that supplies most of the water for Rio de Janeiro Municipality and nearby cities. Length–weight relationships for nine of these species were unknown to Fishbase, and new maximum lengths are given for eight of the species. 相似文献
15.
In an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro State where a mule had been found infected, a systematic search among equines was performed, resulting in the detection of Leishmania parasites in skin lesions of 30.8% of the animals, which included horses and mules. The eventual role of equines in the epidemiology of the human disease is being investigated. 相似文献
16.
17.
Fabio A. Vitta 《Brittonia》2002,54(2):120-123
Trilepis tenuis is described from the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. It differs from the other four species ofTrilepis in its delicate habit and combined features of the contraligules and fructifications. 相似文献
18.
R M Nogueira M P Miagostovich H G Schatzmayr F B dos Santos E S de Araújo A M de Filippis R V de Souza S M Zagne C Nicolai M Baran G Teixeira Filho 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》1999,94(3):297-304
This paper presents epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical data on 12 years of dengue virus activity in the State of Rio de Janeiro from the time the disease was first confirmed virologically in April 1986 through April 1998. DEN-1 and DEN-2 viruses are the serotypes circulating in the state and were responsible for the epidemics reported during the last 12 years. The results published here show both the impact of dengue virus infections on the population and laboratory advances that have improved dengue diagnosis. 相似文献
19.
Jáder da C. Cardoso Marcia Bicudo de Paula Aristides Fernandes Edmilson dos Santos Marco Antônio Barreto de Almeida Daltro Fernandes da Fonseca Maria Anice Mureb Sallum 《Journal of vector ecology》2011,36(1):175-186
Mosquito diversity was determined in an area located on the southern limit of the Atlantic Forest on the north coast of Rio Grande of Sul State. Our major objective was to verify the composition, diversity, and temporal distribution of the mosquito fauna, and the influence of temperature and rainfall. Samplings were performed monthly between December, 2006 and December, 2008, in three biotopes: forest, urban area, and transition area, using CDC light traps and a Nasci vacuum. A total of 2,376 specimens was collected, from which 1,766 (74.32%) were identified as 55 different species belonging to ten genera. Culex lygrus, Aedes serratus, and Aedes nubilus were dominant (eudominant) and constant throughout samplings. The forest environment presented the highest species dominance (DS=0.20), while the transition area showed the highest values of diversity (H'=2.55) and evenness (J'=0.85). These two environments were the most similar, according to the Morisita‐Horn Index (IM‐H=0.35). Bootstrap estimates showed that 87.3% of the species occurring in the region were detected. The seasonal pattern showed a greater abundance of mosquitoes between May and October, indicating the period to intensify entomological surveillance in that area. 相似文献
20.
Marcos Callisto A Serpa-Filho S J de Oliveira F A Esteves 《Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment》2013,48(1):51-53
In Imboacica Lagoon, near Rio de Janeiro, chironomid larvae of the genera Endochironomus Kieffer, Goeldichironomus Fittkau, Polypedilum Kieffer and Monopelopia Fittkau occurred on senescent, submerged leaves of Typha domingensis. 相似文献