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Amphetamine is more effective than methamphetamine at raising dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex. The current study tested the hypothesis that norepinephrine transporters are involved in this difference. Using microdialysis, dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin were measured in the rat prefrontal cortex after administration of methamphetamine or amphetamine, with and without perfusion of desipramine. Amphetamine raised norepinephrine levels more than methamphetamine did. Desipramine raised dopamine and serotonin levels but did not alter metabolite levels. Desipramine attenuated the increase in dopamine by amphetamine while increasing the dopamine released by methamphetamine. These data suggest that methamphetamine and amphetamine differ in altering prefrontal cortical dopamine levels and in interacting with norepinephrine transporters. It is proposed that amphetamine releases dopamine in the prefrontal cortex primarily through norepinephrine transporters, whereas methamphetamine interacts minimally with norepinephrine transporters. 相似文献
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内侧前额叶与社会认知 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
早期的研究表明杏仁核、前额叶、颞上沟、前扣带回等与人类的社会认知活动有关;随着多种新技术的应用。越来越多的研究发现其它一些脑区结构(如岛叶、基底节、白质等)也与社会认知和行为有关。本文综述了内侧前额叶在社会认知中的作用,重点介绍了内侧前额叶在心灵理论、情绪认知、社会推理与决策、道德判断、自我认知等社会认知活动中的作用。未来研究希望能从整体和动态上认识内侧前额叶在社会认知活动中的作用。 相似文献
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Paul A. Garris Leonard B. Collins Sara R. Jones R. Mark Wightman 《Journal of neurochemistry》1993,61(2):637-647
Abstract: The measurement of evoked extracellular dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex by using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with carbon-fiber microelectrodes was established and release characteristics of mesoprefrontal dopamine neurons were examined in vivo in anesthetized rats. Despite the sparse dopaminergic innervation and the presence of more dense noradrenergic and serotonergic innervations overall in the medial prefrontal cortex, the measurement of extracellular dopamine was achieved by selective recording in dopamine-rich terminal fields and selective activation of ascending dopamine neurons. This was confirmed by electrochemical, pharmacological, and anatomical evidence. An increased release capacity for mesoprefrontal dopamine neurons was also demonstrated by the slower decay of the evoked dopamine response after inhibition of catecholamine synthesis and the maintenance of the evoked dopamine response at higher levels in the medial prefrontal cortex compared with the striatum during supraphysiological stimulation. 相似文献
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《Cell reports》2020,30(1):164-172.e4
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内侧膝状体神经元接受来自离皮层系统的兴奋和抑制两种神经调节.听觉刺激诱发的内膝体神经元起始反应后会伴随着一段长时抑制.在可自由活动的大鼠上研究了内膝体神经元的听反应后抑制现象.利用植入电极阵列技术,记录了大鼠在睡眠过程中的脑电、肌电以及内膝体神经元胞外放电活动,发现在睡眠的快速眼动时期和非快速眼动时期内膝体神经元存在着听反应后抑制现象,并发现这种抑制更多地出现在非快速眼动睡眠期.在睡眠过程中,丘脑网状核听觉分区的失活会导致内膝体神经元的听反应后抑制消失或减弱.因此,我们推测丘脑网状核神经元参与了内膝体神经元在睡眠中的听反应后抑制,它在非快速眼动睡眠中对内膝体施加了更强的抑制作用. 相似文献
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Umino Asami Iwama Hisayuki Umino Masakazu Shimazu Dai Kiuchi Yuji Nishikawa Toru 《Neurochemical research》2022,47(9):2728-2740
Neurochemical Research - d-Serine has been shown to play an important role in the expression and control of a variety of brain functions by acting as the endogenous coagonist for the... 相似文献
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Aggressive behavior is widely observed throughout the animal kingdom because of its adaptiveness for social animals. However, when aggressive behavior exceeds the species-typical level, it is no longer adaptive, so there should be a mechanism to control excessive aggression to keep it within the adaptive range. Using optogenetics, we demonstrate that activation of excitatory neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but not the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inhibits inter-male aggression in mice. At the same time, optogenetic silencing of mPFC neurons causes an escalation of aggressive behavior both quantitatively and qualitatively. Activation of the mPFC suppresses aggressive bursts and reduces the intensity of aggressive behavior, but does not change the duration of the aggressive bursts. Our findings suggest that mPFC activity has an inhibitory role in the initiation and execution, but not the termination, of aggressive behavior, and maintains such behavior within the adaptive range. 相似文献
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Nicholas A. Donnelly Tahl Holtzman P. Dylan Rich Alejo J. Nevado-Holgado Anushka B. P. Fernando Gert Van Dijck Tobias Holzhammer Oliver Paul Patrick Ruther Ole Paulsen Trevor W. Robbins Jeffrey W. Dalley 《PloS one》2014,9(10)
Actions expressed prematurely without regard for their consequences are considered impulsive. Such behaviour is governed by a network of brain regions including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcb) and is prevalent in disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and drug addiction. However, little is known of the relationship between neural activity in these regions and specific forms of impulsive behaviour. In the present study we investigated local field potential (LFP) oscillations in distinct sub-regions of the PFC and NAcb on a 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), which measures sustained, spatially-divided visual attention and action restraint. The main findings show that power in gamma frequency (50–60 Hz) LFP oscillations transiently increases in the PFC and NAcb during both the anticipation of a cue signalling the spatial location of a nose-poke response and again following correct responses. Gamma oscillations were coupled to low-frequency delta oscillations in both regions; this coupling strengthened specifically when an error response was made. Theta (7–9 Hz) LFP power in the PFC and NAcb increased during the waiting period and was also related to response outcome. Additionally, both gamma and theta power were significantly affected by upcoming premature responses as rats waited for the visual cue to respond. In a subgroup of rats showing persistently high levels of impulsivity we found that impulsivity was associated with increased error signals following a nose-poke response, as well as reduced signals of previous trial outcome during the waiting period. Collectively, these in-vivo neurophysiological findings further implicate the PFC and NAcb in anticipatory impulsive responses and provide evidence that abnormalities in the encoding of rewarding outcomes may underlie trait-like impulsive behaviour. 相似文献
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Many real-life decisions in complex and changing environments are guided by the decision maker’s beliefs, such as her perceived control over decision outcomes (i.e., agency), leading to phenomena like the “illusion of control”. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the “agency” effect on belief-based decisions are not well understood. Using functional imaging and a card guessing game, we revealed that the agency manipulation (i.e., either asking the subjects (SG) or the computer (CG) to guess the location of the winning card) not only affected the size of subjects’ bets, but also their “world model” regarding the outcome dependency. Functional imaging results revealed that the decision-related activation in the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly modulated by agency and previous outcome. Specifically, these PFC regions showed stronger activation when subjects made decisions after losses than after wins under the CG condition, but the pattern was reversed under the SG condition. Furthermore, subjects with high external attribution of negative events were more affected by agency at the behavioral and neural levels. These results suggest that the prefrontal decision-making system can be modulated by abstract beliefs, and are thus vulnerable to factors such as false agency and attribution. 相似文献
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Paul J. Gresch Alan F. Sved Michael J. Zigmond Janet M. Finlay 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,65(1):111-116
Abstract: Noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections converge in the medial prefrontal cortex and there is evidence of an interaction between dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) terminals in this region. We have examined the influence of drugs known to alter extracellular NE on extracellular NE and DA in medial prefrontal cortex using in vivo microdialysis. Local application of the NE uptake inhibitor desipramine (1.0 µM) delivered through a microdialysis probe increased extracellular DA (+149%) as well as NE (+201%) in medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, desipramine potentiated the tail shock-induced increase in both extracellular DA (stress alone, +64%; stress + desipramine, +584%) and NE (stress alone, +55%; stress + desipramine, +443%). In contrast, local application of desipramine did not affect extracellular DA in striatum, indicating that this drug does not influence DA efflux directly. Local application of the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan (0.1 or 5.0 mM) increased extracellular NE and DA in medial prefrontal cortex. Conversely, the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (0.2 mg/kg; i.p.) decreased extracellular NE and DA in medial prefrontal cortex. These results support the hypothesis that NE terminals in medial prefrontal cortex regulate extracellular DA in this region. This regulation may be achieved by mechanisms involving an action of NE on receptors that regulate DA release (heteroreceptor regulation) and/or transport of DA into noradrenergic terminals (heterotransporter regulation). 相似文献
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Higher-order executive tasks such as learning, working memory, and behavioral flexibility depend on the prefrontal cortex
(PFC), the brain region most elaborated in primates. The prominent innervation by serotonin neurons and the dense expression
of serotonergic receptors in the PFC suggest that serotonin is a major modulator of its function. The most abundant serotonin
receptors in the PFC, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A and 5-HT3A receptors, are selectively expressed in distinct populations of pyramidal
neurons and inhibitory interneurons, and play a critical role in modulating cortical activity and neural oscillations (brain
waves). Serotonergic signaling is altered in many psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression, where parallel
changes in receptor expression and brain waves have been observed. Furthermore, many psychiatric drug treatments target serotonergic
receptors in the PFC. Thus, understanding the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in PFC function is of major clinical
importance. Here, we review recent findings concerning the powerful influences of serotonin on single neurons, neural networks,
and cortical circuits in the PFC of the rat, where the effects of serotonin have been most thoroughly studied. 相似文献
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《Cell metabolism》2020,31(2):313-326.e5
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《Cell reports》2020,30(13):4433-4444.e5
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