拟南芥漆酶基因AtLAC4参与生长及非生物胁迫响应

植物漆酶基因家族在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中共有17个成员,目前各基因的具体功能尚不十分清楚.该研究利用过量表达的方法初步分析了拟南芥AtLAC4的功能.GUS染色显示AtLAC4在拟南芥的维管组织中有较强的表达,并在叶片排水器中特异表达.AtLAC4过量表达导致植株木质素含量增多、次生壁加厚、植株变小和莲座叶叶柄变短.ABA对AtLAC4的表达具有明显的诱导作用,AtLAC4过量表达植株对外源ABA敏感;干旱处理后,AtLAC4过量表达植株的耐旱能力比野生型明显增强.以上结果表明,AtLAC4基因在调控植物生长发育及非生物胁迫响应中具有重要作用.     

The Role of Salicylic Acid Signal in Plant Growth,Development and Abiotic Stress

In nature, plants are constantly affected by adverse conditions. Unlike animals, plants can resist these adverse stresses only by insisting on their original positions. Stress can be divided into biological stress and abiotic stress, abiotic stress directly affects the growth, development and yield of plants, it spans all developmental stages from seed germination to senescence. In order to adapt to changing environment, plants have evolved well-developed mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signals and enable optimal growth response. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important endogenous signal molecule in plants, which not only regulate some plant growth and development processes, but also plays an important part in plant stress resistance. Much work about salicylic acid has been done on the immunity of plants to pathogens, and the synthesis and signal transduction of SA are clearly understood, its function in plant growth, development and abiotic stress is also well learned, we systemically summarized the multiple function of SA signal in non-pathogen-related response, such review should help us understand the common but essential function of SA signal in modulating plant growth, development and abiotic stress.     

Plant RABs: Role in Development and in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses

Endosomal trafficking plays an integral role in various eukaryotic cellular activities and is vital for higher-order functions in multicellular organisms. RAB GTPases are important proteins that influence various aspects of membrane traffic, which consequently influence many cellular functions and responses. Compared to yeast and mammals, plants have evolved a unique set of plant-specific RABs that play a significant role in their development. RABs form the largest family of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, and are divided into eight sub-families named RAB1, RAB2, RAB5, RAB6, RAB7, RAB8, RAB11 and RAB18. Recent studies on different species suggest that RAB proteins play crucial roles in intracellular trafficking and cytokinesis, in autophagy, plant microbe interactions and in biotic and abiotic stress responses. This review recaptures and summarizes the roles of RABs in plant cell functions and in enhancing plant survival under stress conditions.     

BRs在植物响应非生物胁迫中的作用

油菜素甾体(brassinosteroids,BRs)是植物界普遍存在的一类多羟基化的植物甾体激素,不仅调节植物的生长发育过程,还参与植物对生物和非生物胁迫的响应.概述了BRs的生物合成途径以及信号转导途径,重点阐述了BRs参与非生物胁迫应答的分子机制,展望了BRs未来的研究方向,为深入理解BRs介导的非生物胁迫调控网...     

赤霉素调节植物对非生物逆境的耐性

赤霉素（GAs）是一类重要的植物激素,调控植物生长发育的诸多方面．最近的研究表明,GA也参与对生物与非生物胁迫的响应,然而GA参与非生物胁迫响应的遗传学证据及其机制有待于进一步研究．本实验室前期研究证明,水稻EullfELONGATEDUPPERMOSTINTERNODE）通过一个新的生化途径降解体内的活性赤霉素分子,并参与调控水稻对病原菌的基础抗病性．本研究发现,euil突变体对盐胁迫能力降低,而超表达EUll基因的水稻和拟南芥耐盐性显著提高．进一步研究发现,积累高含量赤霉素的水稻euil突变体对脱落酸（ABA）的敏感性下降,而赤霉素缺失的EUll超表达转基因水稻和拟南芥均改变了对于ABA的敏感性．EUll基因的转录受逆境诱导,其功能缺失与超表达调控了逆境标志基因的表达．综上推测,GA可能是通过影响ABA的信号途径从而改变了植物对非生物胁迫的响应．     

Involvement of Histone Modifications in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses

As sessile organisms, plants encounter various environmental stimuli including abiotic stresses during their lifecycle. To survive under adverse conditions, plants have evolved intricate mechanisms to ...     

Root Defense in Salicylic Acid-Altering Arabidopsis Plants in Responses to Cadmium Stress

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - The regulatory role of salicylic acid (SA) has been extensively reported in plants subjected to cadmium (Cd) stress. However, the underlying mechanisms still...     

植物microRNAs在植物发育和非生物胁迫响应中的作用

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源的长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,其通过对靶基因mRNA进行切割或翻译抑制调节mRNA的表达,在植物中起到重要的作用.主要介绍了植物miRNAs的特征、合成和作用机制,综述了miRNAs在植物生长发育和非生物胁迫响应中的作用.     

类受体蛋白激酶与植物非生物胁迫应答

类受体蛋白激酶(receptor-like protein kinase,RLK)是植物信号转导网络中的重要成员,参与介导生长、发育以及逆境胁迫应答等多种细胞代谢过程．在植物细胞中已发现和克隆了富含亮氨酸重复区型(LRR)、凝集素型(lectin-like)和细胞壁相联型(WAK)等不同的RLK亚家族．这些RLK能够感受多种发育和外界环境胁迫信号, 并在植物对非生物胁迫的响应过程中发挥重要的调控作用．本文结合当今国内外研究进展,简述植物RLK的典型结构域特征,详细介绍多种RLK在植物逆境信号识别与转导中发挥的作用,同时对RLK在非生物胁迫应答中的具体作用机制进行了探讨．     

microRNA参与植物次生代谢与非生物胁迫的调控

微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)为广泛存在于真核生物中的约16 ～ 29个核苷酸长度的内源非编码单链RNA分子,在植物中参与细胞增殖、分化、代谢、器官形成以及抵御盐、温度、干旱、重金属胁迫等方面的调节.植物miRNA主要通过对靶基因降解或抑制靶基因的表达,影响植物的生长发育.目前对miRNA的产生与调控方式的研...     

Allantoin: Emerging Role in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter - Allantoin is an intermediate product of purine catabolic pathway that helps in nitrogen mobilization in plants. It is ubiquitously present in the plant...     

拟南芥AMP1负调控植物对高盐胁迫的反应

高盐胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育及农作物产量,因此鉴定盐胁迫响应相关基因至关重要。拟南芥的AMP1编码一个推测的谷氨酸羧肽酶,参与植物的生长发育、光形态建成与种子休眠。研究证明了AMP1的一个新功能,它的缺失提高了缺失突变体amp1的抗高盐胁迫的能力,研究证明amp1突变体的强抗高盐胁迫表型一方面是由于在高盐胁迫下amp1突变体比野生型中积累了更多的甜菜碱和脯氨酸降低了突变体细胞的水势,另一方面高盐胁迫条件下amp1突变体中高盐胁迫响应的下游基因RD29A,以及AHA3的表达量也高于野生型,后者可促进Na+的外排;高盐条件能够对植物造成氧化胁迫,研究发现AMP1的缺失还上调了抗氧化相关基因ZAT10/12的表达量,进而降低了在高盐胁迫条件下amp1突变体内过氧化物的积累水平,减轻对细胞的损伤和生长的抑制,这些都提高了amp1突变体的抗高盐胁迫的能力。以上结果证明在拟南芥中AMP1负调控植物对高盐胁迫的反应过程。     

水杨酸与植物抗非生物胁迫

本文综述了水杨酸在诱导植物抗（耐）非生物胁迫如重金属、臭氧、紫外辐射、过冷、热激、水分亏缺和盐胁迫等方面的进展,并探讨了水杨酸作用的分子、生理机制。     

植物抗非生物胁迫microRNA研究进展

非生物胁迫是导致全球作物减产的重要因素,在植物应对非生物胁迫的生命反应中,编码蛋白的基因起到了非常重要的作用。随着研究的不断深入,发现microRNA(miRNA)在植物抗非生物胁迫中发挥着非常重要的作用。microRNA是一类非编码的RNA,长度约22~24 nt,通过作用于靶基因的mRNA进行调控。miRNA可以在植物应对多种非生物胁迫中发挥作用,如过氧化、营养缺乏、盐碱、干旱及其他机械胁迫等。我们基于目前的研究进展,着重介绍了miRNA的生物合成、作用机制,及其在多种非生物胁迫中的作用。     

水杨酸与植物抗非生物胁迫

本文综述了水杨酸在诱导植物抗（耐）非生物胁迫如重金属、自氧、紫外辐射、过冷、热激、水分亏缺和盐胁迫等方面的进展,并探讨了水杨酸作用的分子、生理机制。     

一氧化氮(NO)在植物逆境响应中的作用

简要介绍了有关一氧化氮(NO)在植物非生物胁迫响应中生理作用的研究现状,并对与这一问题相关的研究趋势作了分析和讨论.