滇西北老君山的大型真菌分布及新记录种

报道滇西北老君山172种大型真菌,其中有63种食用菌,40种药用菌,7个中国新记录种和20个云南新记录种,并对中国新记录种进行了简要描述,分析了这些种类与特定的植被、海拔、生境的关系。     

藏仔猪粪便真菌菌群多样性分析

为探究西藏地区藏仔猪粪便中真菌菌群结构,本研究采用ITS1序列分析新生藏仔猪和断奶藏仔猪新鲜粪便中真菌的多样性。结果表明：从5头新生藏仔猪新鲜粪便中,共鉴定出5个门、13个纲、 25个目、33个科和38个属的真菌;从5头断奶藏仔猪新鲜粪便中,共鉴定出5个门、12个纲、20个目、24个科和28个属的真菌。子囊菌门和担子菌门为优势门,占门级分类的86.35%;布勒担菌科、虫草科、丛赤壳科、曲霉科、丝孢酵母菌科、肉杯菌科、酵母菌科和毕赤酵母菌科为优势科,占科级分类的54.38%。随着藏仔猪的生长,其粪便中真菌菌群的数量和优势真菌的相对丰度均发生变化,这说明不同生长发育阶段会影响藏仔猪粪便中真菌的多样性。     

中国地衣生真菌初步名录

该文是关于中国地衣生真菌汇编的首次报道,其中也包括新近采集的种类。名录中汇编了27种,其中9种为中国新记录种,包括5个中国新记录属的代表：Ampullifera,Intralichen,Marchandiomyces,Phaeosporobolus,和Stigmidium。文中还包括一个新组合种：Stigmidium cupulare (syn,Pharcidia supularis)。     

西藏真菌增补

报道在西藏亚东、林芝等地区采集到的西藏新记录真菌34种。其中包括担子菌22种,子囊菌7种和粘菌5种。凭证标本存放在吉林农业大学真菌标本室(HJAU).     

藏羚羊和藏野驴粪便真菌多样性比较研究

为探究西藏地区反刍动物(藏羚羊)和单胃草食动物(藏野驴)粪便中真菌群落结构,本研究采用ITS1区高通量测序方法分析西藏羌塘国家自然保护区藏羚羊和藏野驴新鲜粪便中真菌的多样性.结果表明:从5头藏羚羊新鲜粪便中共鉴定出5个门、15个纲、32个目、45个科和56个属的真菌;从5头藏野驴新鲜粪便中共鉴定出3个门、10个纲、18...     

中国山西省大型木材腐朽菌多样性研究（英文）

2004–2016年对山西省8个保护区和森林公园天然林中的木材腐朽菌进行了真菌资源调查,共采集木生真菌标本1 000余号,基于对这些标本的研究,鉴定出木生真菌160种,分属于77个属,38个种为山西省首次报道。此外Antrodiella onychoides和Phlebiopsis pilatii为中国新记录种,本文提供了这2个种的详细描述、ITS序列和n LSU序列。     

培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便微生物多样性分析

【背景】培菌白蚁是属于白蚁科的一类与鸡枞菌属真菌共生的高等白蚁,其与体内肠道微生物和体外菌圃微生物形成三维共生体系。【目的】分析培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便的微生物多样性,并与肠道微生物进行比较。【方法】通过Illumina MiSeq高通量测序方法对培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便样品进行细菌16S rRNA基因和真菌ITS测序分析。【结果】高通量测序获得培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便样品细菌和真菌的有效序列和OTU数目。5个样品细菌OTU数目在90-199之间,而真菌OTU在10-58之间,细菌的种类多样性明显大于真菌。不论是细菌还是真菌,粪便样品的OTU数目多于菌圃样品。经物种分类分析,菌圃样品主要优势细菌是变形菌门(Proteobacteria),其相对含量超过82.4%;其次是拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);粪便样品中优势细菌为拟杆菌门,其次是变形菌门,粪便优势菌属为别样杆菌属和营发酵单胞菌属,这与培菌白蚁肠道菌多样性组成一致。培菌白蚁菌圃和粪便样品共生真菌主要为担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和子囊菌门(Ascomycota)。菌圃优势真菌为鸡枞菌属(Termi...     

中国黑文衣属地衣资料补编(英文)

报道了中国黑文衣属(Phaeographis)地衣3个中国新记录种:树形黑文衣(P.dendroids)、平盘黑文衣(P.platycarpa)和龙爪黑文衣(P.tortuosa)。文中对其进行了形态学、解剖学以及化学特征描述,并提供了特征照片。研究标本存放于HMAS-L。本文是对黑文衣属地衣研究及其地衣志编写的重要补充。     

银杏内生真菌多样性研究(英文)

采用组织块分离法,从中国福建、江苏、贵州三省银杏Ginkgo biloba的根、茎、叶、树皮组织中分离内生真菌,利用形态学与ITS rDNA序列分析相结合的方法对所分离的菌株进行鉴定。结果表明从根、茎、叶和树皮分离出175株内生真菌,归为47类,每一类取代表菌株进行ITS测序及系统分析,分别属于子囊菌门的8个目,即Eurotiales、Hypocreales、Xylariales、Trichosphaeriales、Glomerellales、Diaporthales、Botryosphaeriales、Pleosporales,11科,16属。其中刺盘孢属Colletotrichum(19.75%)、链格孢属Alternaria(19.15%)、镰孢菌属Fusarium(10.64%)和拟茎点霉属Phomopsis(10.64%)为优势菌群;并且新丛赤壳属Neonectria和生赤壳属Bionectria为首次从银杏中分离出。Shannon-Wiener指数(H=2.4192)和Simpson指数(1-D=0.8856)的计算结果反应出所获得的银杏内生真菌菌群具有较高的多样性。     

四川黄龙沟优势兰科植物菌根真菌多样性及其季节变化

在自然条件下,兰科菌根真菌对兰花的种子萌发和植株生长都是必不可少的。为了解高原兰科植物菌根真菌的多样性状况及其季节性变化规律,选取了四川黄龙沟的两种生境中生长的8种优势兰科植物,分别于植株的萌芽期(4月份)、生长期(7月份)和果期(9月份)采集营养根进行菌根真菌的多样性研究。其中,黄花杓兰(Cypripedium flavum)、少花鹤顶兰(Phaiusdelavayi)、二叶匍茎兰(Galearis diantha)和广布小蝶兰(Ponerorchis chusua)分布在开阔生境;筒距兰(Tipularia szechuanica)、小花舌唇兰(Platanthera minutiflora)、珊瑚兰(Corallorhiza trifida)和尖唇鸟巢兰(Neottia acuminate)则分布在密林生境。通过对分离所得的50个菌株进行形态观察和ITS序列测定相结合的鉴定,共获得菌根真菌41种。对担子菌和子囊菌分别进行的系统发育树构建结果显示,子囊菌为优势种类(35种),以柔膜菌目(Helotiales)、炭角菌目(Xylariales)和肉座菌目(Hypocreales)内的种类为主,担子菌则以胶膜菌(Tulasnellaceaesp.)为主。在8种兰科植物中,二叶匐茎兰表现出极高的专一性,其菌根真菌均属于Hypocrea。其余兰科植物的菌根真菌分别属于不同的科,专一性相对较低。物种丰富度和Simpson多样性指数分析结果表明,密林生境的兰科植物的菌根真菌多样性在各生长季节基本高于开阔生境。此外,两种生境的优势兰科植物的菌根真菌物种多样性随生长季节转变所呈现的变化规律是相似的:萌发期和生长期的多样性均较高,峰值出现在生长期,到果期时则大幅下降。这与高原兰科植物的生长特性及营养供求规律基本相符。     

Production of Hydrophobins from fungi

Hydrophobins (HPs) are industrially important surface active, amphipathic proteins produced by fungi. There are many applications reported for HPs in the literature notably as, agents for enhancing bioavailability of water insoluble drugs, food stabilizers, antifouling agents for biomedical devices like catheters, fusion partner for recombinant proteins for purification, low friction coatings on biomaterials, immobilizing enzymes in biosensors, etc. However, there are limitations for industrial scale production of HPs. Various methods have been reported for their production e.g. use of wild fungi from natural hydrophobic environments, use of modified bioreactors for submerged and solid state fermentation and recombinant homologous as well as heterologous microbes. Knowing the industrial importance of HPs many reviews have been published focusing on technical and medical applications of these proteins; however there is no comprehensive overview of HP production in the literature. This review summarizes the efforts made to improve yields of HPs by various bioprocesses and also highlights the strategies designed to overcome problems of low yield of HPs.     

Fungi colonizing hair-baits from three coastal beaches of Mexico

The abundance of hair-bait colonizing fungi was investigated on the beaches of Caracoles, Mocambo, and lcacos, located on the coasts of the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and Pacific Ocean, respectively. On each beach a sample of sandy soil was collected. The samples were analyzed by two selective isolation methods for keratinophilic fungi resulting in a total of 544 occurrences. A total of 17 species was found, of which 4 were ascomycetes and 13 hyphomycetes.Gymnascella dankaliensis andAspergillus terreus were the most abundant.Arthroderma curreyi andChrysosporium tropicum were found in low percentages in this survey. From the three beaches sampled, Icacos beach, on the Pacific Ocean coast had the highest number of isolated species.     

Alicean taxonomy–small characters made large

MOORE, R. T., 1989. Alicean taxonomy–small characters made large. The examination of fungal cytology using electron microscopy is detailed, using examples from the major taxonomic groups. In the higher fungi, differences in the ultrastructure of ascomycete and basidiomycete septa, and within the latter group, those of the Basidiomycota and Ustomycota, are discussed.     

Effects of a great cormorant colony on wood-inhabiting fungal communities in a coastal Scots pine forest

We studied the changes in the wood-inhabiting fungal communities on dead wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) under varying duration and intensity of cormorant nesting. The activities of the birds created large amounts of dead wood, changed wood chemistry and altered stand characteristics. Analyses based on records of fruiting structures of fungi showed that fungal communities in the cormorant colony differed from communities in unaffected forest. Ornithogenic factors impacted least on generalist species and promoted the occurrence of fungi uncharacteristic of coniferous wood or wood in general. The rate of ornithogenic change was rapid: a shift in fungal assemblages was evident by the third year of expansion of the bird colony into unaffected forest. It featured the disappearance of tremelloid fungi, a decline of corticioid fungi and an increase of hyphomycetoid fungi. The proportion of coniferous wood specialists decreased and that of generalists increased. It is expected that the changes in fungal communities will persist until the forest is fully regenerated.     

Endophytes dominate fungal communities in six-year-old veteranisation wounds in living oak trunks

Old trees are rare in the landscape, as are many of their associated species. Veteranisation is a method by which attempts are made to create microhabitats, otherwise found only in old trees, in younger trees at an earlier stage than would occur naturally. Here, we analysed the early fungal succession in 6 y-old veteranisation wounds in ca. 100 y old living oak trunks by DNA-barcoding of the wood at eight sites in Sweden and Norway. We hypothesised basidiomycetes would be most abundant, and exposed sapwood and heartwood would select for different communities. We identified 686 fungal taxa, mainly ascomycetes, with a large overlap in species composition and surprisingly similar species richness, i.e. 325 vs. 308–360, between intact and different types of damaged wood, respectively. Endophytes continued to be present and common in damaged wood. The results demonstrate that damage to sapwood and heartwood partly select for different fungi and that 6 y is too early to evaluate if veteranisation can positively favour fungi of conservation interest.     

长白山主要食药用木腐真菌多样性及其保育

木腐真菌是真菌多样性的一个重要组成部分 ,它在人类生活和自然生态系统中发挥着特殊的作用 ,在开发利用此类真菌的同时应对它们的保育引起足够重视。真菌多样性的保育有 2种方式 ,即以保护栖息环境为主的就地保育和以菌种保藏、人工驯化为主的异地保育。长白山地区木腐菌的异地保育研究虽然取得了一定的成绩 ,但在就地保育措施方面仍缺乏经验。     

Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from Lentinus lepideus

Several sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, mainly of the cadinane skeleton, have been identified in cultures of the brown rot fungus Lentinus lepideus. The main compounds are δ-cadinene, α- and γ-muurolene.     

Sesquiterpene alcohols from Lentinus lepideus

Several sesquiterpene alcohols, mainly possessing a 4,10-dimethyl-7-isopropyldecaline skeleton (cadinols, muurolols, cubenols), have been identified from synthetic liquid cultures of the brown rot fungus Lentinus lepideus. Besides these, trans,trans-farnesol and the bicyclofarnesol drimenol have been found.