共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 128 毫秒
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通过形态学及化学研究,结合nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,该文报道了茶渍属(Lecanora Ach.)和石蕊属(Cladonia P. Browne)地衣4中国新记录种:莱氏茶渍(Lecanora layana Lendemer)、白头山茶渍(L. baekdudaeganensis B. G. Lee&Hur)、伪银茶渍(L. pseudargentata Lumbsch)和草皮石蕊[Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) P. Gaertn., B. Mey&Scherb.]。该文对这些物种的分类学特征进行了详细描述,并与相似种进行了对比,同时提供了各种的地理分布图和形态图。这为中国茶渍属和石蕊属地衣物种多样性及资源利用提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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本文报道石蕊科的两种地衣植物的化学成分。我们从地衣植物林石蕊(Cladonia arbusculd),雀石蕊(Cladonia stellaris)中分离鉴定了松萝酸(Usnicacid)、黑茶渍素(Atranorin)、珠光酸(Perlatolic acid)和四个相应的单芳环衍生物:赤星衣酸(Haematornmic acid)、赤星衣酸乙酯(Uthyl haematommate)、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-6-正成基苯甲酸(2-hriroxy-4-methoxy-6-n-pentylbenzoic acid)、2,4-二羟基-6-正戊基苯甲酸(2.4-dihydroxy-6-n-pentylbenzoic acid)。上述资料,对开发利用这种植物提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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地衣是宁夏贺兰山东麓荒漠草原区一类重要的生物资源,地衣结皮的形成为该区域景观的稳定作出了重要的贡献。该研究于2014~2019年在贺兰山东麓荒漠草原区开展了地衣的野外调查,利用表型特征和DNA序列分析且对采集的500余份标本进行了物种的鉴定,并分析了其物种组成及地理成分。结果显示:(1)共鉴定地衣19科41属74种,其中中国新记录25种,新种2个(待发表),新记录属11个,宁夏新记录56种。(2)研究区地衣物种区系地理成分以北温带成分为主(33.78%),其他主要区系成分包括欧亚成分和世界广布成分等,具有明显的北温带成分区系特征。(3)研究区地衣以壳状和鳞状地衣为主(81.1%),生长型体现了地衣对当地气候条件的适应特性。实地调查发现宁夏贺兰山东麓荒漠草原区地衣的生存环境非常脆弱。该研究结果有助于提高对该区域地衣物种多样性的认识并促进其保护。 相似文献
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本文报道了产于中国西南地区的石蕊属地衣一新种:亚厚叶石蕊(Cladoniasubincrassata S.Y.Guo),其主要的次生代谢产物为松萝酸和泽屋菇.文中还从形态、化学和地理分布方面将新种和邻近种厚叶石蕊(Cladonia incrassata)进行了比较. 相似文献
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《Lichenologist (London, England)》2002,34(3):247-257
Abstract:In contrast to virtually all other species of ruminants, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) eat substantial amounts of lichens in winter. Several different species of lichens are eaten and most are highly palatable. The chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility of six species of terricolous lichens commonly eaten by reindeer were measured. Ruminal inoculum was obtained in winter from six free-ranging reindeer that had been grazing on natural pastures in northern Norway. Analysis of the plant parts recovered from their rumens confirmed that the animals had been eating a mixed diet that included both lichens and vascular plants. The chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility of the different species of lichens varied considerably between species and genera. Cetraria islandica, C. nivalis andCladonia arbuscula were highly digestible [69–77% dry matter (DM)], Stereocaulon paschale was poorly digestible (43% DM), whereas Cladonia stellaris and C. gracilis had an intermediate digestibility (56–57% DM). Mixing Cladonia stellaris with vascular plants (50:50) had no effect on the in vitro digestibility of the combined substrates. The in vitro digestibility of Cladonia stellaris in inoculum from two captive reindeer which had had no access to lichens was very low (10% DM). This shows that the source of inoculum used for digestibility trials has a major effect on the apparent digestibility of the substrates. Evidently, the extent to which reindeer are able to utilize lichens depends on the species that are selected and on what the animals have been eating recently. 相似文献
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The hydration of selected lichens ( Cladonia mitis , Cladonia bellidiflora , Cetraria islandica , Parmelia saxatilis , and Xanthoria parietina ) was investigated using gravimetry and proton magnetic free induction decays (FIDs).
The hydration from gaseous phase and dehydration to gaseous phase showed first-order kinetics. The amount of water which was non-removable in the air-dry state (relative humidity p / p0 =9%) did not depend significantly on the lichen species and was found to be 5·6±1·0% of the d. wt.
The proton FID Gaussian component from the solid matrix of thallus structure, and two (or, depending on lichen species, one averaged) liquid signals coming from water tightly bound on the surface of thallus solid matrix and from loosely bound or free water, were recorded. The bound-water component was distinguished by its motional properties and by its proximity to endogenous paramagnetic centres present in solid matrix (presumably PS II reaction centres of the photobiont). Mild dehydration (from gaseous phase) could completely remove the loosely bound water fraction, leaving the system below the water percolation threshold and below the water clustering point, emphasizing the passivity of lichen response to desiccation shock. In the species in which the one average liquid component was recorded, bound water behaved similarly.
The hydration at which free water pool vanishes (Δ M / m0 ) and the relative (scaled to water) proton densities of solid matrix of lichen (β) were evaluated for all lichens investigated. 相似文献
The hydration from gaseous phase and dehydration to gaseous phase showed first-order kinetics. The amount of water which was non-removable in the air-dry state (relative humidity p / p
The proton FID Gaussian component from the solid matrix of thallus structure, and two (or, depending on lichen species, one averaged) liquid signals coming from water tightly bound on the surface of thallus solid matrix and from loosely bound or free water, were recorded. The bound-water component was distinguished by its motional properties and by its proximity to endogenous paramagnetic centres present in solid matrix (presumably PS II reaction centres of the photobiont). Mild dehydration (from gaseous phase) could completely remove the loosely bound water fraction, leaving the system below the water percolation threshold and below the water clustering point, emphasizing the passivity of lichen response to desiccation shock. In the species in which the one average liquid component was recorded, bound water behaved similarly.
The hydration at which free water pool vanishes (Δ M / m
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Antimicrobial features of acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of lichens of Cladonia furcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla were investigated by two different methods at the same time. Testing of antimicrobial activities of extracts from five species
of lichens was performed by disc diffusion test in relation to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal organisms,
and through determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by Broth Tube Dilution method. The obtained results indicated
that acetone and methanol extracts of all investigated lichens in different concentrations manifested selective antibacterial
and antifungal activity. That activity was more evident in relation to Gram-positive, than Gram-negative bacteria and fungal
organisms. Acetone and methanol extracts of lichens Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms, most of all of lichens Cladonia furcata and Parmelia caperata. Although, the methanol extracts were generally the most active against the test organisms, the lowest MIC value was measured
for acetone extract of species Cladonia furcata 0.39 mg/mL in relation to bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Aqueous extracts of investigated lichens were inactive against all tested organisms. 相似文献
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地衣是低等植物的重要类群,为菌藻共生体,全世界已知有500多属26 000余种,中国有232属1 766种.我国历代本草记载药用地衣约200种,著名的有石蕊、松萝等,秦岭太白山有药用地衣37种,其中常用13种.其主要成分为地衣多糖和地衣酸,具有抗肿瘤、抗辐射及抗菌等生物活性,太白山药用地衣是陕西民间中草药的重要组成部分,具有一定的开发应用潜力. 相似文献
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本文报导了中国新记录Cladtna stygta和Cladonta maxima,对生长于越南的新种Cladonta ntttda进行了描述。中国过去记载的Cladtna tmshaugu和Cladonta subfurcata是根据错误的鉴定,应从中国地衣志中排除。Cladonta gractlts subsp turbtnata在中国许多省分都很常见。 相似文献
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The aim of the research is to explore the overall in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenol content, reduction power and
antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of the lichens Cetraria pinastri, Cladonia digitata, Cladonia fimbriata, Fulgensia fulgens, Ochrolechia parella and Parmelia crinita. The methanol extract of the Cetraria pinastri showed a strong antioxidant activity, whereas the extracts of the species Fulgenesi fulgens, Cladonia fimbriata and Parmelia crinita showed the moderate one and the extract of the species Ochrolechia parella and Cladonia digitata the weak one. The methanol extract of the lichen Cetraria pinastri had the biggest total phenol content (32.9 mg/g of the dry extract). A certain correlation was established between the antioxidant
activity and the total phenol content for the researched lichen extracts. The work also explores the antimicrobial activity
of the methanol extracts of the mentioned species of lichens against six bacterial and eleven fungi species by the disc-diffusion
method and by establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The methanol extracts of the lichens Cetraria pinastri and Parmelia crinita showed the strongest both antibacterial and antifungal activity against most of the tested microorganisms. These researches
suggest that the lichens Cetraria prunastri can be used as new sources of the natural antioxidants and the substances with antimicrobial features. 相似文献
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Yeast abundance and species diversity in the lichens collected at the Kindo Peninsula (Karelia) were studied. A total of 14 lichen species analyzed belonged to the genera Bryoria, Cladonia, Hypogymnia, Icmadophila, Nephroma, Peltigera, and Ramalina. Abundance of cultured yeasts in lichens was intermediate between soil and phyllosphere. The average yeast number on lichens was ~2.5 × 103 CFU/g, while it exceeded 8 × 103 CFU/g on plants and reached only 1 × 103 CFU/g in soil. Yeast population of different parts of Cladonia lichens was found to vary significantly in abundance, species diversity, and community structure. The highest yeast abundance and diversity were revealed in the growth zone. Fifteen yeast species were isolated from lichens, including 6 basidiomycetous and 9 ascomycetous ones. Unlike soils and plants, yeast population of lichens consisted mainly of ascomycetous species, with predominance of Candida sphagnicola and anamorphous yeasts of the genus Dothiora. These results show that yeasts from different taxonomic and ecological groups are a necessary component of lichens; conditions favoring the preservation and development of specific yeast communities differing from the typical soil and phyllosphere yeast complexes are formed in the lichens of northern taiga forests. 相似文献
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对新疆喀纳斯自然保护区和巴音布鲁克草原的地衣进行了分类学研究,发现一个中国新记录属(木刻衣属Xylographa(Fr.)Fr.)及属下新记录种(平行木刻衣Xylographa parallela(Ach.)Fr.),详细描述了该新记录地衣种的形态解剖、化学特征和生境,并提供了相关彩色图片。 相似文献