珍珠菜属新植物

<正> 草本,不芳香,茎柔弱,直立或下部葡匐生长,具棱或有狭翅,长20—40(—50)厘米。叶互生,卵形或卵状椭圆形,长2—6厘米,宽1—3厘米,先端急尖,具锐尖头,基部楔形,下延成柄,全缘或稍波状,干时薄纸质,中脉在上面微凹,背面突起,侧脉及网脉在两面明显;叶柄长5—10毫米,具狭翅。花单生于茎上部叶腋;花梗纤细;长2—3厘米;花萼长3—4毫米,分裂几达基部,裂片5,卵状披针形,宽1—1.2毫米,边缘具紫色细腺点,花冠黄色,基部短合生,裂片5,椭圆形,长约7毫米,宽约4毫米;雄蕊5枚,花丝     

西南缬草属一新种

<正> 多年生草本,高50—150厘米。根状茎粗短、根簇生。稍粗,具浓香,匍枝细长,具对生三裂叶或不裂叶。茎挺直,单生,具纵棱,下部常被粗白毛,向上除节部外渐光滑。基生叶具长柄,羽状3—5裂,或为单叶;茎生叶对生,羽状全裂,顶裂片与侧裂片同形,但较长大,侧生裂片1—4对,椭圆形,长卵形或披针形,长1—6厘米,宽0.5—2厘米,先端渐尖,基部稍下延,边缘具齿,稀全缘或波状,两面被短白毛。伞房状聚伞花序顶生和腋     

安徽半夏属一新种

多年生草本,高可达30厘米。块茎近球形,直径约1.5—3厘米,上部密被棕色叶基纤维,具须根及小块茎。叶1—4(或更多);叶柄深绿色,带紫色斑,长约12—25厘米,粗约0.2—0.3厘米,基部具鞘;叶片3全裂,有时侧裂片基部再2浅裂;中裂片长圆状椭圆形或倒卵状椭圆形,长5—10厘米,宽3—4.5厘米;先端急尖或渐尖(至长尾尖)基部楔形,几     

广西鱼黄草属一新种

<正> 多年生草本。茎细长,匍匐,上部常缠绕,密被长硬毛。叶椭圆形或卵状披针形,长1.8—5厘米,宽0.8—2.5厘米,全缘,顶端锐尖或近圆形,具短尖头,基部近圆形,浅心形或阔楔形,边缘密被及两面疏被长硬毛,背面脉上毛常较密,侧脉每边3—6条,两面凸起,小脉平行横出,在叶面不显,在叶背明显突起;叶柄长3—8毫米,密被长硬毛。花序的苞叶卵形,基部截形,少为浅心形或近圆形。聚伞花序腋生,具花1—3朵,仅1花能育,花序梗长约5毫米;苞片线形,极小,长2—3毫米;花蕾狭卵形,顶端长渐尖;萼片披针形,近等     

湖北牛奶菜属一新种

木质藤本,枝具极稀疏柔毛至无毛。叶对生,椭圆状披针形、长椭圆形或长圆形,长7—15厘米,宽1.5—5厘米,顶端尾尖,基部圆形或宽楔形,上面具极稀疏柔毛至无毛,下面具柔毛至无毛;侧脉6—7对,弧形上,升近边缘网结;叶柄长1.5—2.5厘米,具疏柔毛。伞形花序腋生,着花3—8朵;花序梗长0.5—2厘米,被柔毛;花梗长0.5—     

中国蒿属植物新资料(一)

本种外形近似于大籽蒿A.sieversiana Ehrhard. ex willd.,但本种植株高大、粗壮;茎中部叶大,长10-2厘米,宽6-8厘米,三-二回羽状全裂,裂片规整,每侧具裂片3-4枚,裂片长圆形或椭圆形,每裂片具3-4枚小裂片,常有小裂齿;头状花序大,半球形或近球形,直径5-7毫米,花序托无托毛。     

庐山川续断属的新分类群

多年生草本,高2—3米。主根一条或数条,圆锥状,黄褐色。茎具纵棱6条,棱上疏生钩刺,近花序处较密。基生叶稀疏丛生有长柄,叶片阔倒卵形,长19—23厘米,宽19—26厘米,3深裂,中央裂片最大,阔倒卵形,长14—16厘米,宽8—10厘米,两侧裂片     

紫堇属一新种

新种与椭果紫堇接近,区别是本种叶三回三出全裂,末回裂片较狭,叶柄基部呈宽鞘状,柱头具10乳突。 二年生草本,丛生,高15—30厘半。根茎短,长约1厘米,粗约3毫米,基部具多数纤维状须根,向上发出多茎。茎肉质,淡红色,不分枝或少分枝。基生叶多数,长约15厘米(叶柄长约10厘米,基部具鞘,叶鞘约长15毫米,宽8毫米),叶片三角形,约长5厘米,宽5厘米,羽状三回三出全裂,一回羽片具短柄,二回羽片近无柄,末回裂     

广西苗儿山杜鹃属一新种

<正> 兴安马银花 新种(图) 小乔木,高7米,树皮灰色。小枝近于圆形,中等纤细,当年生小枝紫色或淡紫色,近于无毛,去年生小枝灰色。叶近于革质,长圆形或长圆状椭圆形,长6—9(-11厘米),宽2—3(-4.3厘米),顶端渐尖或罕为突然锐尖,基部近于圆形或钝形,边缘全缘,上面绿色,下面淡绿色,中肋在上面稍凹陷,在下面微凸起,侧脉和小脉通常不明显;叶柄长1—1.5厘米,有稀疏的短柔毛或近于无毛。花单生,花梗长1.5—2厘米,初被稀疏而具腺的刚毛,其后无毛;花萼裂片卵形,淡绿色,长8毫米,宽6毫米,具睫毛,无腺体;花冠紫色,具5裂片,裂片倒卵形,长2.5—8厘米,宽1.8-2厘米;雄蕊5枚,较花冠     

缬草属新分类群

生,微被短柔毛。基生叶和茎下部叶长0.5—1厘米,为长圆状椭圆形,基部有一对小耳状裂片,并下延成叶柄,叶柄长0.5—1.5厘米。茎中上部叶2—3对,长椭圆形,长2—2.5厘米,宽0.8—1.2厘米,羽状分裂,裂片7—11,椭圆形或长圆形,长5—9毫米,宽1.5—3毫米,全缘,钝头。花白色,常杂性,雌花花冠长约3.0毫米,裂片长方状椭圆形,长1.5毫     

Screening of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Artemisia essential oils

The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from aerial parts of seven wild sages from Western Canada – Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia biennis Willd., Artemisia cana Pursh, Artemisia dracunculus L., Artemisia frigida Willd., Artemisia longifolia Nutt. and Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt., was investigated by GC–MS. A total of 110 components were identified accounting for 71.0–98.8% of the oil composition. High contents of 1,8-cineole (21.5–27.6%) and camphor (15.9–37.3%) were found in Artemisia cana, A. frigida, A. longifolia and A. ludoviciana oils. The oil of A. ludoviciana was also characterized by a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes with a 5-ethenyltetrahydro-5-methyl-2-furanyl moiety, of which davanone (11.5%) was the main component identified. A. absinthium oil was characterized by high amounts of myrcene (10.8%), trans-thujone (10.1%) and trans-sabinyl acetate (26.4%). A. biennis yielded an oil rich in (Z)-beta-ocimene (34.7%), (E)-beta-farnesene (40.0%) and the acetylenes (11.0%) (Z)- and (E)-en-yn-dicycloethers. A. dracunculus oil contained predominantly phenylpropanoids such as methyl chavicol (16.2%) and methyl eugenol (35.8%). Artemisia oils had inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis), yeasts (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans), dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum), Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Aspergillus niger. A. biennis oil was the most active against dermatophytes, Cryptococcus neoformans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Aspergillus niger, and A. absinthium oil the most active against Staphylococcus strains. In addition, antioxidant (beta-carotene/linoleate model) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities were determined, and weak activities were found for these oils.     

荒漠生境油蒿根围AM真菌多样性

为了阐明荒漠生境主要植被油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)根围AM真菌多样性, 2007年8月从毛乌素沙地和腾格里沙漠选取榆林、盐池、研究站和沙坡头4个样地, 按0–10、10–20、20–30、30–40、40–50 cm 5个土层采集油蒿根围土壤样品, 研究了油蒿根围AM真菌物种多样性和生态分布。在分离的4属28种AM真菌中, 球囊霉属(Glomus)16种, 无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)7种, 盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)4种, 多孢囊霉属(Diversispora)1种。4个样地的共同优势种为摩西球囊霉(G. mosseae), 共同常见种为双网无梗囊霉(A. bireticulata)和网状球囊霉(G. reticulatum), 共同稀有种为缩球囊霉(G. constrictum)。地球囊霉(G. geosporum)仅出现在盐池, 蜜色无梗囊霉(A. mellea)、帚状球囊霉(G. coremioides)、浅窝无梗囊霉(A. lacunosa)和宽柄球囊霉(G. magnicaule)仅出现在研究站, 黑球囊霉(G. melanosporum)仅出现在榆林。盐池与研究站样地AM真菌种类最多, 榆林样地孢子密度最大, 沙坡头样地种类和孢子密度显著偏低。总体上, 孢子密度、分离频度、相对多度和重要值依Glomus >Acaulospora > Scutellospora> Diversispora呈现显著减小趋势。结果表明, 油蒿与AM真菌之间有良好共生性, 这对进一步利用菌根生物技术维护荒漠生态系统结构的完整性具有重要意义。     

中国东北蒿属光砂蒿的两个新变种

发表了东北产光砂蒿的两个新变种,即疏花光砂蒿(Artemisia oxycephala Kitag. var. sporadantha W. Wang)和金砂蒿(A. oxycephala Kitag. var. aureinitens W. Wang)     

科尔沁草原主要牧草冷蒿和差不嘎蒿的生理生态学特性与竞争机制

一日内冷蒿和差不嘎蒿的光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（E）和水分利用效率（WUE）在早或晚出现了最高值,而其余时间则变化低缓,原因归结于沙地环境因子和植物内部因子的共同作用。冷蒿的Pn和WUE日均值高于差不嘎蒿,E的日均值却低于差不嘎蒿,说明冷蒿在干旱环境下具有较高的物质生产量和节约用水的能力。自然状态下冷蒿各生长季的水势（ψω）和充分膨胀时的渗透势（ψπ^100）远低于差不嘎蒿,水分相对亏缺（RWD）、束缚水含量（BWC)、缚水与自由水的比值（BWC／FWC）元高于差不嘎蒿,表明其具有更强的抗旱性;干旱和旱后复水条件下差不嘎蒿的RWD、BWC和BEW／FWC产生大幅度波动;长期极端干旱条件下两才RWD、EWC和ψω终极植相近;长期淹水对冷蒿生理过程的影响更大些。干旱使两种牧草蛋白质发生分解,脯氨酸和可溶性糖大量累,其中冷蒿的累积量远远超过差不嘎蒿,这种累积特征可能正是两种牧草竞争机制的本质所在。     

陕西艾叶化学成分的研究

通过硅胶、Sephadex LH-20反复柱层析、纯化,从陕西艾叶Artemisia argyi的80％乙醇提取中分离到3个化合物,利用NMR、IR和MS等方法鉴定其结构分别为：正十六烷酸（1）、5,7,4’-三羟基黄酮（2）、2,3,3’-三羟基喹啉（3）。其中化合物2和3为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Insecticidal Activity and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Artemisia sieversiana from China

In our screening program for new agrochemicals from local wild plants, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and A. sieversiana were found to possess insecticidal activity against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. The essential oils of the aerial parts of the two plants were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components of A. lavandulaefolia oil were caryophyllene (15.5%), β‐thujone (13.8%), eucalyptol (13.1%), and β‐farnesene (12.3%), and the principal compounds identified in A. sieversiana oil were eucalyptol (9.2%), geranyl butyrate (9.2%), borneol (7.9%), and camphor (7.9%). The essential oils of A. lavandulaefolia and A. sieversiana possessed fumigant toxicity against S. zeamais adults with LC₅₀ values of 11.2 and 15.0 mg/l air, respectively. Both essential oils also showed contact toxicity against S. zeamais adults with LD₅₀ values of 55.2 and 112.7 μg/adult, respectively.     

旧大陆的蒿属植物

本文报导了亚、欧、非三洲的蒿属(Artemisia Linn.)植物的系统分类、分布及区系地理等。在系统分类与分布项中,作者介绍了各学者研究该属的观点;分亚属、组的特点,亲缘关系及经订正与考证的该属298种、63变种及补遗5种、2变种的正名、异名及其分布地区。在区系地理项中,作者结合古植物孢粉证据,论述了该属的起源中心、冰期前后该属植物在地球上的迁移路线、现代分布中心、分布区密集中心及次生的起源、分化与分布中心等,同时对亚、欧、非三洲蒿属区系分10亚区、28地区成分加以论述。     

黄花蒿对4种受体植物的化感作用研究

采用室内生物测定法,以小麦、燕麦、黄瓜和萝卜为受体,研究了黄花蒿对受体植物的化感作用,结果显示:黄花蒿水浸提液对小麦、燕麦的化感综合效应(SE)为56.29、57.17;其地上部淋溶物对小麦和黄瓜表现为抑制作用,对燕麦和萝卜表现为促进作用;其茎叶挥发物对4种受体植物根长生长有较强的抑制作用;其残体分解物前10d对受体有很强的抑制作用,根系分泌物对小麦和燕麦抑制作用较强,对萝卜和黄瓜表现为促进作用。结果表明,黄花蒿5种不同途径来源的化感物质对4种受体植物都有不同程度的化感作用,且黄花蒿主要是通过地上部淋溶、挥发向环境中释放化感物质,其次是通过根系分泌物对授体植物产生化感作用。     

东北蒿属艾组12种植物核型研究

报道东北蒿属艾组12种植物的染色体数及核型资料,结果如下：宽叶山蒿（Artemisia stolonifera (Maixm.)Komar.)2n=4x=36=28m 4sm(4SAT) 4st(4SAT);野艾蒿（A.lavandulaefolia DC)2n=2x=50=40m 4sm 6st(6SAT); 矮蒿（A.lancea Van.)2n=2x=16=10m 4sm 2st;蒙古蒿（A.mongolica (fisch.ex Bess.)Nakai]2n=2x=16=14m 2st;红足蒿（A.rubripes Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;歧茎蒿（A.igniaria Maixm.)2n=2x=34=28m 2sm 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿（A.integrifolia Linn.)2n=4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿（A.subula 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿（A.integrifolia Linn.)2n＝4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿（A.subulata Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;高岭蒿（A.brachyphylla Kitam.)2n=2x=18=14m 2sm 2st;林文稿[A.uiridissima(Komar.)Pamp.]2n=2x=18=14m 4sm;奄癌（A.keiskeana Miq.)2n=2x=18=16m 2sm;阴地蒿（A.sylvatica Maxim.)2n=2x=16=14m 2sm,核型对称性野艾蒿（A.lavandulaefolia)为2B型,其余均为2A型,依据核型资料对个别种的演化 分类进行了初步探讨。     

Study of artemisinin and sugar accumulation in Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia dracunculus “hairy” root cultures

We studied the effect of genetic transformation on biologically active compound (artemisinin and its co-products (ART) as well as sugars) accumulation in Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia dracunculus “hairy” root cultures. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and mannitol were accumulated in A. vulgaris and A. dracunculus “hairy” root lines. Genetic transformation has led in some cases to the sugar content increasing or appearing of nonrelevant for the control plant carbohydrates. Sucrose content was 1.6 times higher in A. vulgaris “hairy” root lines. Fructose content was found to be 3.4 times higher in A. dracunculus “hairy” root cultures than in the control roots. The accumulation of mannitol was a special feature of the leaves of A. vulgaris and A. dracunculus control roots. A. vulgaris “hairy” root lines differed also in ART accumulation level. The increase of ART content up to 1.02?mg/g DW in comparison with the nontransformed roots (up to 0.687?mg/g DW) was observed. Thus, Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation can be used for obtaining of A. vulgaris and A. dracunculus “hairy” root culture produced ART and sugars in a higher amount than mother plants.