Assessing overmedication: biology,philosophy and common sense

Overmedication is nowadays a serious problem in health care due to influences from the pharmaceutical industry and agencies responsible for regulation. The situation has indeed become appalling in psychiatry, where both theories and treatments have deteriorated under the impact of the industry. The overmedication problem is associated with biased biology in medicine. Adequate biological approaches would indicate that drug therapies must yield to diet therapies, particularly treatments involving omega-3 fatty acids, in many cases. To the extent that philosophy of science adapts to mainstream medicine in analyses of the current situation, it may reinforce the existing bias. To redress imbalances in health care, we ultimately have to rely on common sense.     

Olfaction and the common chemical sense: some psychophysical contrasts.

Three experiments explored the olfactory and the common chemical attributes of sensations produced by various concentrations of n-butyl alcohol. These two attributes combine in an almost-linear fashion to produce the overall perceived intensity of the stimulus. Common chemical intensity makes only a small contribution to overall magnitude at low concentrations, but its proportional contribution increases with concentration. In like manner, speed of response (i.e., reciprocal of reaction time) to the common chemical attribute increases more rapidly than that to odor. Nevertheless, odor always makes its appearance sooner than the common chemical attribute, even when the two attributes are matched in perceived magnitude. Repeated inhalations cause odor intensity to decrease slightly but cause common chemical intensity to increase dramatically. The results obtained from the normal subjects studied here agree with those obtained from subjects with unilateral destruction of the trigeminal nerve.     

Constructing common sense: Language and ethnicity in Ukrainian public discourse

Immigrant integration policies are commonly assumed to be shaped by traditional understandings of citizenship and belonging. Accordingly, such policy frameworks are considered path-dependent and thus stable over time. The recent surge of radical right anti-immigrant parties in many Western European countries challenges this stability-thesis. Several scholars contend that this change in the party political landscape caused an illiberal turn, resulting in more restrictive integration policies. This paper tests whether integration policies are indeed challenged by radical right parties, or whether they remain path-dependent policy frameworks, using subnational comparative analysis. The results of our cross-sectional regression analysis over twenty six Swiss cantons reveal that cantonal integration policies reflect clear patterns of regional citizenship culture, suggesting that they remain stable policy frameworks. By contrast, the considerable electoral success of the right populist Swiss People's Party (SVP) over the last two decades did not directly result in more restrictive cantonal integration policies.     

We rely on the common sense of young people

The principles of the primary prophylaxis, analogous to the program "Harm Reduction", are presented. The basis for placing this work on broad footing was the rapid assessment of the situation with the use of narcotic drugs in the city (the number of users exceeded 10,000 per 238,000 inhabitants) with a tendency towards a sharp decrease of the age of the users (9-13 years). The experience of work on the training of medical personnel, directly contacting with blood and thus considered to be a risk group, taking into account risky professional behavior (potentially dangerous), was accumulated. The training activities among students of medical schools proved to be effective. They became the best volunteers and leaders among young people. Adolescents aged 14-18 years were enlisted as volunteers: they worked in different places usually attended by young people and invited drug addicts to the anonymous examination room. The role of local mass media in educating the public on of the problems of the prevention of HIV infection is discussed. As a result, the activation of the youth movement in support of the program "Anti-AIDS" and an increase in the number of people in target groups coming to the anonymous examination room are noted.     

Stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and comorbidities: evidence and common sense

Netherlands Heart Journal -     

Too much common sense,not enough critical thinking!

This paper explores two different views about common sense—those of Clifford Geertz and Antonio Gramsci. It examines their presuppositions, assesses their utility for archaeologists, and considers the implications of current common-sense explanations of the past. It points out that common sense is both historical. Yesterday’s common sense sometimes morphs into today’s good sense or scientific truth. Today’s common sense or scientific truth often becomes tomorrow’s false consciousness or folklore. Common sense is also relational. Groups with different positionalities in hierarchically organized societies may have widely divergent views about what is common sense. Finally, it raises the question of why particular “common sense” explanations of the present—buttressed with claims that they are rooted historically in a fixed, unchanging human nature and morality—are repeatedly resurrected by fundamentalists and conservatives in both hemispheres to justify political arguments and to reassert or impose or particular power relations.     

Darwin's legacy: why biology is not physics, or why evolution has not become a common sense

Cosmology and evolution together have enabled us to look deep into the past and comprehend evolution-from the big bang to the cosmos, from molecules to humans. Here, I compare the nature of theories in biology and physics and ask why physical theories get accepted by the public without necessarily comprehending them but biological theories do not. Darwin's theory of natural selection, utterly simple in its premises but profound in its consequences, is not accepted widely. Organized religions, and creationists in particularly, have been the major critic of evolution, but not all opposition to evolution comes from organized religions. A great many people, between evolutionary biologists on one hand and creationists on the other, many academics included, who may not be logically opposed to evolution nevertheless do not accept it. This is because the process of and the evidence for evolution are invisible to a nonspecialist, or the theory may look too simple to explain complex traits to some, or because people compare evolution against God and find evolutionary explanations threatening to their beliefs. Considering how evolution affects our lives, including health and the environment to give just two examples, a basic course in evolution should become a required component of all our college and university educational systems.