Relative differentiation of skeletal elements in European corvids

Summary The study compares mensural differences between various species of European corvids in all major skeletal elements. It appears that the greatest differences are found in the bill and mandible, which may reflect adaptations to various foods and feeding methods. Substantiation of this supposition, however, calls for further studies.

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Relative Differenzierung der Skelettelemente bei europäischen Corviden

Zusammenfassung Ein morphometrischer Vergleich europäischer Corviden-Arten nach allen wichtigen Skelettmerkmalen zeigt, dass die größten Unterschiede zwischen den Arten im Ober- und Unterschnabelbau bestehen. Dies wird als Anpassungen an verschiedene Nahrung und Ernährungsmethoden erklärt. Diese Vermutung erfordert jedoch noch weitere Untersuchungen.

     

Bestimmung des Schleimgehaltes myxospermer Diasporen verschiedener Angiospermenfamilien

The mucilage content of structurally differing myxospermatic diaspores from 49 species belonging to 19 families ofAngiospermae has been determined by applying various extraction procedures. The results demonstrate no obvious relationship between the size, mucilage quantity, and the swelling factor of the diaspores studied. Furthermore, mucilage producing structures and structural peculiarities of the mucilages themselves are elaborated.

     

Resistenzphysiologische Grundlagen der evolutiven Kälteakklimatisation von Sproßpflanzen

Gradations in cold resistance of plants with different latitudinal and altitudinal distribution, and the various categories of chilling and freezing resistance are hypothesized to be evolutionary steps of adaptive responses to increasing low temperature stress and annual seasonality. The gradual lowering of the critical phase transition temperature of biomembrane lipids, the capacity of persistent supercooling of tissues, and the development of a dormancy linked freezing-tolerance are considered to be essential mechanisms resulting in improved acclimatation to low temperature climates.

     

Zur Frage der Chlorophyllbildung in Pflanzlichen Tumoren

Summary The formation of chlorophyll and the distribution of the chloroplasts in Bryophyllum tumor tissue has been studied under various conditions of illumination. The results are discussed under the assumption that a relation exists between chlorophyll biogenesis and the occurrence of differentiation processes.

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Zur Frage der Chlorophyllbildung in Pflanzlichen Tumoren

     

Effets de la zearalenone sur la cellule bactérienne

Zearalenone, a macrocyclic lactone, shows a limited antibacterial activity which can be demonstrated in Grampositive spore-forming bacteria. In a sensitive Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner), the mycotoxin disturbs various bacterial metabolisms: physiological damages (decreased growth rate, inhibition of sporulation and enzyme synthesis) and cellular alterations (filamentous forms or snake-cells) are noted. On the other hand, although zearalenone has been found to give a positive response in the presumptive screening test for mutagens measured by DNA-attacking ability on Bacillus subtilis, this mycotoxin failed to demonstrate mutagenicity in routine test using liver homogenate and Salmonella typhimurium strains.

     

Etude hydrobiologique des lagunes du nord de la Tunisie

The various studied lagoons in the north of Tunisia show phytoplankton organisms mainly consisting of diatoms (54 per cent of all observed species) and Dinoflagellates (26 per cent). Many diatoms are saline algae but some are living in fresh and also brackish waters. As for Dinoflagellates, the majority is thriving in lagoons which are always in communication with sea water. However, Ceratium furca is noticed all year long in the brackish lagoons.

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Etude hydrobiologique des lagunes du nord de la Tunisie

     

Zur transspezifischen Variabilität der NADH-Diaphorase der Primaten

Zusammenfassung Die NADH-Diaphorasen in Erythrocyten der Primaten lassen eine transspezifische Variabilität erkennen, die durch Ladungsunterschiede bedingt wird. Mit der Stärkegelelektrophorese können sechs verschiedene Enzym-Varianten differenziert werden. Die Verteilung der verschiedenen NADH-Diaphorase-Phänotypen von 425 subhumanen Primaten wurde ermittelt.

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Transspecific variability of NADH-diaphorases in primates

Summary The NADH-Diaphorases in the erythrocytes of Primates show a transspecific variability, caused by differences in charge. Six kinds of genetically determined enzymes are distinguishable by means of starchgel-electrophoresis. The distribution of the various NADH-Diaphorase phenotypes in 425 subhuman Primates was estimated.

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Direktor: Prof. Dr. Dr. H. Ritter

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Direktor: Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. B. Grzimek

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Mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Zum Verhalten des Wei?maskenbaumhopfes (Phoeniculus bollei) (Bewegungsweise, Nahrungsaufnahme und Sozialverhalten)

Zusammenfassung Phoeniculus bollei klettert wie andere Arten der Familie; an glatten Stämmen nimmt er die Flügel zu Hilfe. Der Schwanz dient weniger beim Klettern als beim Sitzen als Stütze. Bei der Nahrungssuche werden Rinde und Flechten durch Zirkeln mit dem langen, leicht gebogenen Schnabel losgesprengt. Die bisher bekannt gewordenen Funktionen des Zirkelns werden besprochen.Phoeniculus bollei ist sozial, in Ruhe sitzen die Vögel auf Kontakt.

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Behaviour of the Buff-headed Wood-HoopoePhoeniculus bollei

Summary The Buff-headed Wood-Hoopoe climbs, like other members of its family, on smooth trunks using its wings to help. The tail is less important in climbing than as a support when sitting. When searching for food, bark and lichen are opened up by gaping (= Zirkeln) with the long, curved beak. The various functions of Zirkeln known hitherto are reviewed. This Wood-Hoopoe is social and rests in contact with others.

     

Über rudimentäre Polydaktylie bei Bantu-Negern

Zusammenfassung An Stichproben mehrerer Bantupopulationen aus Angola und Südafrika wurden Hautleistenbefunde untersucht, zusammen 1828 Normalpersonen. Unter diesen zeigten 26 ein- oder beidseitig eine rudimentäre Polydaktylie seitlich am V. Finger (1,42%).

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Rudimentary polydactyly in Bantu-Negroes

Summary Samples of various bantu populations of Angola and South Africa were examined dactyloscopically, totalling 1828 normal individuals. Among those, 26 persons showed rudimentary polydactyly aside of the fifth finger on one or both hands (1.42%).

     

Die Alkoholkomponente des Bacteriochlorophyll a aus Rhodospirillum rubrum

Summary The esterifying alcohol of the bacteriochlorophyll a from Rhodospirillum rubrum was shown to be trans-trans-geranylgeraniol. Mass spectra of the corresponding bacteriopheophytins are used to determine the content and ratio of bacteriochlorophyll a_P and bacteriochlorophyll a_Gg in various strains of phototrophic bacteria.     

Contribution à l'étude infrastructurale du système neurosécréteur rétrocérébral chez Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. et F.)

Résumé L'étude infrastructurale des nerfs cardiaques afférents et des nerfs allato-cardiaques qui entrent dans la constitution du système neurosécréteur rétrocérébral de Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. et F.) révèle l'existence des trois types de fibres neurosécrétrices définis dans les corpora cardiaca. Une quatrième catégorie de fibres caractérisées par la présence de vésicules claires existe dans les nerfs allato-cardiaques et dans les corpora allata. L'origine des fibres et l'évolution des grains de neurosécrétion au cours de leur transit sont envisagées.

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Ultrastructural study of the retrocerebral neurosecretory system in Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. et F.)II. Neurosecretory pathways

Summary An ultrastructural study of the nervi corporis cardiaci and nervi corporis allati, which are part of the retrocerebral neurosecretory system of Locusta migratoria migratorioides, reveals the existence of three neurosecretory fiber types. A fourth neurosecretory fibertype with electron lucent vesicles is also present in the nervi corporis allati and in the corpora allata. The fibers are characterized by differences in the size and electron opacity of the neurosecretory granules. The origin of the various neurosecretory fiber types and the evolution of the neurosecretory granules are discussed.

     

Die Resistenz von Dekalin gegenüber mikrobiellem Abbau

Zusammenfassung Es gelang nicht, Dekalin durch mehr als 50 verschiedene Flavobacterium-, Micrococcus-Arthrobacter- und Corynebacterium-Stämme, sowie Stämmen, die aus 250 Bodenproben isoliert worden waren, zu oxidieren. Auch eine Cooxidation des Dekalins war nicht möglich. Mit verschiedenen gaschromatographischen Methoden gelang es nicht, irgendwelche Abbauprodukte festzustellen.

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Resistance of decalin against microbiological oxidation

Summary We succeeded not in oxidizing decalin by more than 50 different strains of Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter and Corynebacterium, as well as by strains, which were isolated from 250 samples of soil. A cooxidation of decalin was not possible also. We were not able to determine any products of decomposition with various gaschromatographical methods.

     

Die Teilung und Verformung des gegliederten Chromatophors vonStigeoclonium stagnatile (Chlorophyceae)

Division and plastic remodelling of the highly differentiated chromatophore inStigeoclonium stagnatile (Hazen)Collins is followed in living cells during their life cycle. In contradistinction to the unicellular algae both processes are separated: During the cell division, when the cell is growing, the highly differentiated chromatophore is simply divided without plastic remodelling and its division is finished before the nuclear division starts. The mode of the chloroplast division is identical with that of other algae. In contrast, during zoospore formation plastic remodelling of the chromatophore takes place: The lobed gutter-shaped chromatophore is transformed into a cup-like one which is adapted to the shape of the zoospore. After the zoospore has changed into a germling the cupshaped chromatophore is turned again into the original lobed gutter-like form of the vegetative cells. The precursory chromatophore division with regard to mitosis as well as the uniform mode of chromatophore division in various algae is stressed.

     

Exkret-Flavonoide bei Höheren Pflanzen arider Gebiete

Flavonoids generally occur in higher plants as water-soluble glycosides. However, lipophilic flavonoid aglycones can be excreted by glandular trichomes or extruded through the cuticle. They are accumulated on the plant surface as constituents of leaf resins or thin epicuticular layers. External flavonoid aglycones are found in various families throughout the higher plants, but appear to be most abundant in theAsteraceae. They occur relatively frequently in plants of (semi-)arid habitats. It is advantageous for chemotaxonomic studies that the structural diversity of exudate flavonoids is normally greater than that of the tissue glycosides in these plants.

Vorgetragen auf der Tagung der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, Wien, September 1984.     

Tubulikörper im Zytoplasma der Spermatiden von Planorbarius corneus L. (Basommatophora)

Zusammenfassung Aggregate regelmäßig undulierender Tubuli im Zytoplasma der Spermatiden von Planorbarius corneus wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Diese Tubulikörper sind nur während der frühen Spermiohistogenese bis zur beginnenden Ausdifferenzierung der Mittelstücke zu beobachten. Sie stehen mit dem endoplasmatischen Retikulum in Verbindung. Unterschiedliche Strukturen werden als Bildmuster verschiedener Schnittebenen desselben dreidimensionalen Gefüges gedeutet. Ähnlich strukturierte, für andere Zellen beschriebene Einschlüsse wurden mit den Tubulikörpern verglichen. Dazu diente ein dreidimensionaler Modellentwurf.

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Tubular bodies in the cytoplasm of spermatids of Planorbarius corneus L. (Basommatophora)

Summary Aggregates of regularly undulating tubules in the cytoplasm of spermatids of Planorbarius corneus have been studied by electron microscopy. Generally, these tubular bodies can be observed in early spermatids until beginning of middle-piece-formation. Some of the tubules are connected with the endoplasmic reticulum. The various electron microscopic patterns may result from different planes of section through the same three-dimensional texture. Similar structured inclusions found in other tissue cells have been compared.

Frau B. Dingerdissen, Abteilung für Elektronenmikroskopie des Physikalischen Instituts, danken wir für technische Assistenz am Elmiskop.     

L'ecosysteme karstique: Dix ans de recherches hydrobiologiques au laboratoire souterrain du C.N.R.S. a moulis (France)

After a brief history of the development of Stygobiology, the author reports on the work of R. Rouch and collaborators on the biology of subterranean karstic waters.The fauna of karstic waters is shown to form a typical ecosystem with stable specific composition and structure. The need for more research on temperate and tropical karstic waters, on synecology of karstic water fauna and on the limits of the various habitats in a given area, is emphasized.

     

Terminale und subterminale Oxidation von n-Alkanen durch Schimmelpilze

Zusammenfassung Der Abbau von n-Alkanen durch cunninghamella echinulata, Absidia glauca und Mucor sp. erfolgt durch monoterminale Oxidation ohne Freisetzung von primären oder sekundären Alkoholen, Ketonen und Aldehyden. Das Fettsäuremuster der cellulären Lipide zeigt eine deutliche Abhängigkeit vom gegebenen n-Alkan. Aspergillus-, Penicillium- und Verticillium-Arten oxidieren n-Alkane subterminal unter Bildung verschiedener isomerer sekundärer Alkohole und Ketone. Das Fettsäuremuster zeigt keine deutliche Abhängigkeit vom gegebenen n-Alkan. —Die Abbauwege werden diskutiert.

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Terminal and subterminal oxidation of n-alkanes by molds

Summary Degradation of n-alkanes by Cunninghamella echinulata, Absidia glauca and Mucor sp. is effected by monoterminal oxidation of the alkane chain and production of a cellular fatty-acid pattern that depends on the given n-alkane. Primary and secondary alcohols, ketones and aldehydes were not excreted in course of the oxidation. Subterminal attack on the alkane chain is found in members of the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium and Verticillium with the concomitant release of various isomeric secondary alcohols and ketones, and production of a cellular fatty-acid pattern which does not clearly depend on the given n-alkane. — The degradation pathways are discussed.

     

Ultrastructure de l'endomètre humain normal

Résumé L'ultrastructure générale des cellules K endométriales est semblable chez l'Homme, le Rat et le Singe. Mais les granulations des cellules K humaines sont plus variées que dans ces deux dernières espèces et ont certains aspects suggérant une fonction catabolique.Etant donné cet aspect catabolique et l'existence connue d'une activité phosphatasique acide de ces cellules contenant de la relaxine, les auteurs suggèrent que les cellules K pourraient être des cellules sécrétantes en involution et ques les cellules sécrétant activement la relaxine pourraient avoir un aspect morphologique quelque peu différent de celui des cellules K.

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Ultrastructure of the normal human endometriumIII. The endometrial granular stroma cells

Summary The general ultrastructure of endometrial granular stroma cells is similar in man, rat, and monkey. But the granulations of human granular stroma cells are more various than in these two last species and have some aspects suggesting a catabolic function.With respect to this catabolic aspect and the previously shown acid-phosphatase activity of these relaxin-containing cells the authors suggest that the granular stroma cells could be involutive secretory cells and that the active relaxin-secretory cells may have some different morphological aspect.

     

Contributions mycologiques pour la connaissance de la spermatosphère des graines en germination

Summary A list of 26 species of microfungi found on seeds of various plants is presented. A new genus of Hypocreaceous Ascomycete is describedViennotidia, which includes two different species. Moreover, the following species are described as new:Phoma cuscutae, Sclerophomina tritici, Sirophoma petroselini andPyrenochaeta spinaciae.     

L'enseignement de la biométéorologie dans les ecoles supérieures

Resume L'auteur soumet à la discussion et à la réflexion une proposition en vue de la réalisation de formes variées d'enseignement spécialisé de biométéorologie et de bioclimatologie dans les Ecoles supérieures. L'auteur discute ensuite les questions biclimatologiques et biométéorologiques fondamentales et appliquées.

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A scheme for the introduction of various forms of specialized education in biometeorology and bioclimatology is submitted for discussion and consideration. Problems of international co-operation in both basis and applied biometeorological and bioclimatological research are discussed.

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Zusammenfassung VorschlÄge für die Einführung einer spezialisierten Ausbildung in Biometeorologie und Bioklimatologie an der Hochschule werden aufgezÄhlt und die Probleme der internationalen Zusammenarbeit in der freien und angewandten Forschung diskutiert.