共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 828 毫秒
1.
目的分析实验兔脚皮炎发病率与相对湿度的相关性及脚皮炎实验兔对热原筛选实验合格率的影响。方法将2006、2007年实验室相对湿度记录、实验兔脚皮炎记录及热原筛选实验记录进行汇总统计,并对数据进行生物学分析。结果实验室相对湿度超过70%时,可导致实验兔脚皮炎发病率的升高,二者存在显著相关性(P〈0.01);有脚皮炎的实验兔可降低筛选实验的合格率,二者存在显著相关性(P〈0.01);实验兔基础体温的高低,对筛选合格率有显著影响(P〈0.0001)。结论实验兔的脚皮炎发病率与环境相对湿度有显著的正相关性,当实验室相对湿度超过实验兔适宜湿度范围时,可导致其脚皮炎的发病率上升;有脚皮炎的实验兔与无脚皮炎的实验免相比,可显著降低热原筛选实验的合格率。 相似文献
2.
《四川动物》2013,(5)
蟾蜍随机分为室温干燥、室温保湿、低温保湿和低温冬眠组,观察禁食蟾蜍在不同温度和湿度条件下的生存时间、体重变化、心脏活动、腓肠肌收缩功能和坐骨神经干动作电位,探寻能够延长禁食蟾蜍生存时间和机体生理功能维持时间的途径。结果显示,室温干燥组蟾蜍体重自实验第1 d起显著性下降(P<0.01),其它组无显著性变化。室温干燥、室温保湿、低温保湿和低温冬眠组蟾蜍的累计死亡率分别为100%(第6 d)、45.83%(第26 d)、16.67%(第36 d)、0%。除室温保湿组蟾蜍的心脏舒缩幅度自实验第20 d起下降之外(P<0.05),其它组的心肌舒缩幅度和心率无显著性变化。室温干燥组蟾蜍的腓肠肌收缩幅度自实验第1 d开始下降,第4 d起有显著性差异(P<0.05),低温保湿组在第27 d也显著性下降(P<0.05),其他组未发生显著性变化。各组蟾蜍坐骨神经干动作电位未发生显著性改变。充足的湿度和适当降温,尤其保持冬眠,能够延长禁食蟾蜍的生存时间和机体生理功能维持时间。 相似文献
3.
温湿度对中华通草蛉越冬成虫存活的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
室内研究了不同温湿度对中华通草蛉 (Chrysoperla sinica)越冬成虫存活的影响。试验采用因子二次正交旋转组合设计的要求安排 ,研究了越冬成虫在不同的温度组合条件下储存不同时间后的存活率 ,并得到了在不同时间后 ,成虫存活率与温湿度间的二次回归模型。结果表明 ,在试验条件下 ,越冬成虫存活的最佳条件组合是温度为 5℃和相对湿度为 75 % ,此条件下储存90 d的越冬成虫存活率达 85 %以上 ;温度对成虫存活率的影响最大 ,湿度次之 ,温湿度的交互作用最不重要。利用温湿度与存活率之间的回归方程 ,分析并得出了适宜于越冬中华通草蛉成虫存活的条件为温度 5~ 9℃ ,相对湿度 70 %~ 85 % ,温度和湿度过高或过低均不利于成虫的存活 相似文献
4.
目的 改良包埋操作细节,以期提升包埋质量。方法 比较采用不同包埋模具温度、不同第一次注蜡量、冷台添加水与否、不同加盖包埋底盒方式、不同二次注蜡角度在组织包埋合格率、撬出蜡块甲级率、HE切片组织结构完整性、细胞显示效果、免疫组织化学染色效果的差异。结果 通过预热包埋模具至70℃、减少第一次注蜡量、在冷台上加入少量的水、待模具侧壁的石蜡稍凝固后再加盖包埋底盒、二次注蜡时将包埋模具连同包埋盒倾斜10°~25°等条件可显著提高包埋合格率、蜡块质量甲级率、切片组织结构完整性、细胞显示效果和免疫组化染色优良率。结论 通过在包埋过程中延缓或加速石蜡凝固,控制注蜡量、调整注蜡角度等可显著提升包埋质量。 相似文献
5.
基于常压室温等离子体技术的金藻诱变筛选方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以高生长速率或高油脂含量藻株为目标,以湛江等鞭金藻为例,报道了一种基于常压室温等离子体技术的微藻诱变及快速分级筛选方法。即以叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fv/Fm大于0.68的金藻为出发藻株、以致死率90%为阈值确定最适诱变电流为1.4~1.5A,诱变时间为24~30s。分别在室温常光及胁迫条件(高温常光和高光室温)下,按照孔板至摇瓶至反应器三级培养进行筛选。在孔板培养过程中以比生长速度结合尼罗红荧光强度变化实现高通量初筛,最终在反应器培养中进行提取验证,并以候选藻株为出发进行二次诱变筛选。结果表明,室温常光条件诱变株筛出率为0.7%,胁迫条件筛出率为0.9%;一次诱变诱变株筛出率为0.6%,二次诱变筛出率为1.2%;二次诱变和胁迫条件筛出率更高,更易得到性状变化的诱变株。 相似文献
6.
铜负荷饲养兔肝、肾组织含铜量和组织病理学观察 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
探讨了新西兰兔在不同剂量铜负荷饮食时肝、肾组织含铜量和组织病理的改变。30只新西兰兔分为5组,对照组(第1组)给与正常饲料,每天每公斤体重120g,铜负荷组(第2、3、4、5组)给予含铜的饲料,铜剂量分别为每天每公斤体重01、1、10、20mg,其余饲料用正常饲料补足。每周测体重1次,每10d抽空腹静脉血1次查血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及血清铜,每半个月肝穿刺肝组织查铜一次,并做肝组织HE染色光镜下检查。实验结束时,耳静脉注射空气处死动物,取肝、肾组织块作病理检查及组织铜离子含量测定。5个月饲养期内,实验组血清ALT及血清铜离子含量与对照组相比差异无显著性,但组织中的铜离子含量随饲料含铜量的增加而增加。实验组肝组织铜离子含量与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<005),其中最大剂量组与对照组相比差异有极显著性(P<0001)。肾组织铜离子含量中,第4、5组与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<005)。病理检查中,第2、3组肝脏病理改变轻微,第4、5组有较明显的坏死病变。作者认为新西兰兔对铜的耐受性较好,较大剂量、较长时间服用有较好的安全性,可用于铜实验动物模型的建立,但进食剂量过大(含铜20mgkg体重·d以上),短期内可引起严重的肝肾器官病变。 相似文献
7.
作者于1959年曾探討过微量元素的鈷、鋅、銅单独加喂对安哥拉幼兔生长的影响;曾証明:在定量飼喂上述三种元素的条件下,无論对兔体体重增长、絨毛生长速度,都有較为显著的影响,且以鈷、鋅二种元素的效果較好。同时,江永成等也进行了鈷、錳、硼三元素对安哥拉幼兔生长的影响,其結果表明:在定量飼喂三元素的条件下,兔的体重和絨毛产量也有較为显著的 相似文献
8.
检测了第四军医大学实验动物中心提供的 2 6只成年健康新西兰白兔的骨髓像 ,对国内不同品种兔骨髓像资料加以补充和丰富。1 材料和方法 按照施新猷所著医学动物实验方法中健康兔的判断标准 ,取 2 6只健康新西兰白兔 ,年龄 8~ 18个月 ,体重1 85~ 3 4 5kg。常规 3 %戊巴比妥钠 ( 3 0mg kg)腹腔内麻醉 ,剪去术区毛发 ,无菌条件下在每只兔左侧胫骨前内侧骨面距胫骨平台 (即胫骨近侧关节面 ) 0 8~ 1 5cm范围内用骨穿针穿刺抽取 0 2~ 0 4ml不抗凝骨髓 ,立即涂片 3张做瑞氏染色 ,油镜下计数 5 0 0个有核细胞 ,并鉴定细胞种类及… 相似文献
9.
亚高温下不同空气湿度对番茄光合作用和物质积累的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究亚高温下不同空气湿度对番茄植株光合作用及物质积累的影响,本试验利用人工气候室,在11:00—15:00平均温度为33℃的亚高温条件下,设置3个空气相对湿度处理,分别为70%~80%(高湿)、50%~60%(中湿)和不加湿的30%~40%(低湿)。结果表明:在处理25d时,高湿处理番茄叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率显著高于低湿处理,而低湿处理果实空洞率比高湿处理高18.4%(P<0.05);在33℃亚高温条件下,70%~80%的相对湿度有利于光合作用的增强和果实品质的提高。 相似文献
10.
目的观察四氧嘧啶(alloxan,ALX)与链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导新西兰兔1型糖尿病模型的差异,探讨建模的最佳方法。方法 70只新西兰兔分为3组:实验组56只,又随机分为ALX和STZ两组,每组28只,采用两次给药,第一次剂量为100 mg/kg,48 h后第二次给药,剂量为120 mg/kg;对照组C组14只,相同方法给予等量生理盐水。每组给药后于不同时间监测空腹血糖、尿糖、尿酮、空腹体重、饮水量、排尿量、渗透压及电解质变化情况。结果一周后ALX组和STZ组成模率分别为71.43%和64.26%,死亡率分别为25%和17.86%,两组之间比较成模率及死亡率均无明显统计学差异(P0.05);两组之间血糖浓度差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ALX与STZ分两次给药均可诱导稳定的兔1型糖尿病模型,从成模率、死亡率及建模成本综合考虑,ALX是建立兔1型糖尿病模型的优先选择。 相似文献
11.
Daniel S. Moran Kent B. Pandolf Antonios Vitalis Yuval Heled Richard Parker Richard R. Gonzalez 《Journal of thermal biology》2004,29(7-8):535-538
The environmental stress index (ESI), constructed from ambient temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation, was further evaluated from databases collected in Israel and New Zealand. High correlations were found between ESI and WBGT (R2=0.959 and R2=0.973 for Israel and New Zealand, respectively). However, for the New Zealand database, residuals were not distributed symmetrically around the zero line, which might be due to the difference in the global radiation spectrum. The ultraviolet radiation measurements were significantly higher in New Zealand than in Israel. As a consequence, a correction factor might be needed for ESI to be used in the southern hemisphere. 相似文献
12.
Enrica Ciucci Pamela Calussi Ersilia Menesini Alessandra Mattei Martina Petralli Simone Orlandini 《International journal of biometeorology》2013,57(6):845-856
This study analyzes the effect of weather variables, such as solar radiation, indoor and outdoor air temperature, relative humidity and time spent outdoor, on the behavior of 2-year-old children and their affects across different seasons: winter, spring and summer. Participants were a group of 61 children (33 males and 28 females) attending four day-care centers in Florence (Central Italy). Mean age of children at the beginning of the study was 24.1 months (SD?=?3.6). We used multilevel linear analyses to account for the hierarchical structure of our data. The study analyzed the following behavioral variables: Activity Level, Attentional Focusing, Frustration, and Aggression. Results showed a different impact of some weather variables on children’s behavior across seasons, indicating that the weather variable that affects children’s behavior is usually the one that shows extreme values during the studied seasons, such as air temperature and relative humidity in winter and summer. Studying children and their reactions to weather conditions could have potentially wide-reaching implications for parenting and teaching practices, as well as for researchers studying social relationships development. 相似文献
13.
14.
Pathogenicity of Pasteurella multocida A:3 in Flemish giant and New Zealand white rabbits. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pasteurella multocida A:3 was isolated during an outbreak of pasteurellosis in Flemish Giant (FG) rabbits. Since New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits housed in the same room were not as severely affected as FG rabbits, experimental inoculation was undertaken to determine if FG rabbits were more susceptible than NZW rabbits to pasteurellosis induced by this isolate. Rabbits of each breed were inoculated with P. multocida A:3 and observed for 3 weeks. Four of 5 FG rabbits developed severe clinical disease on days 6, 9, 12 and 14 after inoculation; whereas, the one affected NZW rabbit became ill 14 days after inoculation. All rabbits with clinical disease developed fibrinosuppurative pleuritis, pyothorax and pneumonia which was more severe in FG than NZW rabbits. At necropsy, P. multocida A:3 was isolated from multiple sites of the diseased rabbits. No significant difference (P = 0.099) in the prevalence of lesions between the two breeds was found; however, the score of pneumonia and pleuritis was 3 times greater in FG rabbits than NZW rabbits. 相似文献
15.
The red palm weevil(RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) is spreading worldwide and severely harming many palm species. However, most studies on RPW focused on insect biology, and little information is available about the plant response to the attack. In the present experiment, we used metabolomics to study the alteration of the leaf metabolome of Phoenix canariensis at initial(1st stage) or advanced(2nd stage)attack by RPW compared with healthy(unattacked) plants.The leaf metabolome significantly varied among treatments. At the 1st stage of attack, plants showed a reprogramming of carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism; in contrast, peptides and lipid metabolic pathways underwent more changes during the 2nd than 1st stage of attack. Enrichment metabolomics analysis indicated that RPW attack mostly affected a particular group of compounds rather than rearranging plant metabolic pathways. Some compounds selectively affected during the 1st rather than 2nd stage(e.g. phenylalanine; tryptophan; cellobiose;xylose; quinate; xylonite; idonate; and iso-threonate; cellobiotol and arbutine) are upstream events in the phenylpropanoid,terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. These compounds could be designated as potential markers of initial RPW attack. However,further investigation is needed to determine efficient early screening methods of RPW attack based on the concentrations of these molecules. 相似文献
16.
PAUL R. FITZGERALD 《The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology》1972,19(2):332-334
SYNOPSIS. New Zealand White rabbits were fed monensin (Coban® Premix) or amprolium in pelleted feed as a prophylaxis against infection with Eimeria stiedai. Rabbits receiving monensin at 0.005, 0.01, or 0.02% concentrations in the feed did not become infected but ate only small amounts of pellets when the drug concentration was 0.02%. All rabbits given 0.02% amprolium in pelleted feed developed severe infections. Rabbits on "limited" (8 gm pellets per day) diets were susceptible to infection. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this study was to compare the chromosomal aneuploidy rate between transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits derived from the F4 generation. Chromosomal analysis was carried out on bone marrow samples of New Zealand White transgenic (carrying human factor VIII gene) and non-transgenic rabbits (F4 generation) each having a different genetic background (female no. 1-3-5 line I and female no. 1-9-7 line II). C-metaphase plates were obtained from the bone marrow lymphocytes synchronized by the addition of 0.25 microg/ml colcemide. No significant difference in chromosomal aneuploidy between transgenic (61%) and non-transgenic (51.27%) rabbits of line I was observed. A higher but non-significant aneuploidy rate between transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits was found in line II, on the other hand a significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in diploidy rate. In conclusion, chromosomal aneuploidy rates in this experiment were higher than published previously in other reports. 相似文献
18.
Modelling the potential geographic distribution of invasive ant species in New Zealand 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Darren F. Ward 《Biological invasions》2007,9(6):723-735
Despite their economic and environmental impacts, there have been relatively few attempts to model the distribution of invasive
ant species. In this study, the potential distribution of six invasive ant species in New Zealand are modelled using three
fundamentally different methods (BIOCLIM, DOMAIN, MAXENT). Species records were obtained from museum collections in New Zealand.
There was a significant relationship between the length of time an exotic species had been present in New Zealand and its
geographic range. This is the first time such a time lag has been described for exotic ant species, and shows there is a considerable
time lag in their spread. For example, it has taken many species several decades (40–60 years) to obtain a distribution of
17–25% of New Zealand regions. For all six species, BIOCLIM performed poorly compared to the other two modelling methods.
BIOCLIM had lower AUC scores and higher omission error, suggesting BIOCLIM models under-predicted the potential distribution
of each species. Omission error was significantly higher between models fitted with all 19 climate variables compared to those
models with fewer climate variables for BIOCLIM, but not DOMAIN or MAXENT. Widespread species had a greater commission error.
A number of regions in New Zealand are predicted to be climatically suitable for the six species modelled, particularly coastal
and lowland areas of both the North and South Islands. 相似文献
19.
Importations of biological control agents for insect pests and weeds in New Zealand are summarized and factors contributing to the relative success of the programmes are examined. The establishment rate of 30.9% is similar to that achieved worldwide, but is significantly lower than the rate achieved in the island habitat of Hawaii. The pioneering role of New Zealand in biological control is shown by the high proportion of programmes first attempted in this country. Although this novelty has not reduced the establishment rate, introductions against endemic species have not succeeded. Size of release was not a dominant feature in the establishment of agents. Complete or substantial success is recorded for 17 of the 70 target pests, with a relatively high success rate in forestry programmes. Examples of the influence of climate matching and competitive exclusion are also discussed. Changing practices and attitudes to the introduction of biological control agents are documented to show the increasing emphasis on specialists. No adverse effects of introductions are reported. The challenge to practitioners and regulators is to develop systems to evaluate conflicts of interest and develop workable mechanisms to determine which biological control agents are suitable for release. 相似文献