冠状病毒HcoV-229E S1蛋白的原核表达及鉴定

目的克隆表达冠状病毒HcoV-229E S1基因片段,表达S1蛋白。方法合成冠状病毒HcoV-229ES1蛋白特异性基因片段并克隆入pET21a原核表达载体,转化BL21（DE3）菌,经IPTG高效诱导表达得到重组蛋白,用金属螯合亲和层析纯化,并通过Western blot对表达的重组蛋白进行鉴定。结果获得了主要以包涵体形式存在的目的蛋白,Western blot鉴定其为S1基因片段蛋白。结论成功构建了HcoV-229E S1蛋白的表达载体,并在BL21（DE3）中得到了高效表达,为下一步表达蛋白免疫原性及疫苗抗病毒保护性测定打下了基础。     

SARS-CoV N蛋白与人冠状病毒HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E的交叉反应表位及特异表位的确定

为确定SARS-CoV N蛋白的特异抗原表位,对3种人冠状病毒SARS-CoV、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E N蛋白之间的交叉免疫反应进行了系统研究。构建了分别表达SARS-CoV、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E N蛋白的重组痘苗病毒,并制备了相应的小鼠免疫血清。用间接免疫荧光方法,检测了3种N蛋白的表达及其与3种冠状病毒免疫动物血清和SARS病人恢复期血清之间的反应。与此同时,用Western blot方法分析了原核表达的39个不同区段的SARS-CoV N蛋白与3种冠状病毒动物免疫血清和SARS病人恢复期血清之间的交叉反应性。免疫荧光检测结果表明,SARS-CoV、HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E3种病毒的N蛋白在重组痘苗病毒感染的HeLa细胞中均可以特异表达;3种N蛋白之间存在明显交叉免疫反应。Western blot结果显示,SARS-CoV N蛋白的表位主要位于30~60aa、170~184aa、301~320aa和360~422aa;与HCoV-OC43的交叉反应表位主要位于30~60aa、90~120aa、204~214aa和320~360aa;与HCoV-229E的交叉反应表位主要位于30~60aa、150~160aa和301~360aa。含SARS-CoV N蛋白特异表位的重组肽N155b(60~214aa)和N185(30~214aa)只与SARS病人恢复期血清和灭活SARS-CoV免疫小鼠的血清反应,而不与灭活HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E免疫的山羊血清产生交叉反应。上述结果为使用SARS-CoV N蛋白抗原进行特异诊断试剂的研究,提供了重要的实验依据。     

SARS-CoV-2重组S1和S蛋白疫苗诱导保护性免疫的研究*

目的:评价新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)重组S1蛋白和S蛋白疫苗对SARS-CoV-2的免疫保护效果。方法:将SARS-CoV-2重组S1蛋白和S蛋白分别联合氢氧化铝佐剂以0.1 μg/只、1 μg/只、5 μg/只、10 μg/只不同剂量接种6~8周BALB/c纯系健康雌性小鼠。第二次免疫后采血通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中IgG抗体效价,通过假病毒中和试验比较免疫小鼠血清对SARS-CoV-2野生型株(WT)、英国株(B.1.1.7)、巴西株(P.1)、印度株(B.1.617.2)、Mu毒株(B.1.621)和南非株(501Y.V2-1)六种假病毒毒株中和活性效价,取脾细胞通过酶联免疫斑点技术(ELISpot)检测免疫小鼠的细胞免疫水平。结果:SARS-CoV-2重组S和S1蛋白都能诱导小鼠产生较强的IgG抗体水平。免疫S1蛋白的小鼠血清对SARS-CoV-2野生型株、英国株、巴西株有明显的中和活性,免疫S蛋白的小鼠血清除了对SARS-CoV-2野生型株、英国株、巴西株有明显中和活性之外,对印度株也有明显的中和活性,两种蛋白质免疫的小鼠血清均对野生型株中和效果最强。S蛋白免疫的小鼠脾细胞能够显著诱导出γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白介素-4(IL-4)的产生。S蛋白诱导产生的IgG抗体、中和抗体、细胞免疫水平均高于S1。结论:SARS-CoV-2重组S蛋白疫苗能够诱导产生较强的保护性免疫应答。     

犬冠状病毒S蛋白主要抗原区基因片断的表达及免疫原性

应用Pichia pastoris酵母表达了犬冠状病毒大熊猫野毒株(CCV DXMV)S蛋白主要抗原区基因片断。用特异性引物扩增出CCV DXMV株S1基因片断,并将其克隆到pGEM-T载体中得到pTS1。用KpnI和Notl双酶切pTS1回收目的基因S1定向克隆到pPICZCαA中,构建出重组质粒pPICZCαAS1。将pPICZCαASl用SacI内切酶线性化后,电转化感受态GS115酵母细胞,用PCR法筛选阳性重组子。用1％的甲醇诱导重组酵母菌,取培养物上清进行重组蛋白的检测。结果重组酵母菌培养物上清用SDS-PAGE电泳可检测到相对分子量为106kDa大小的重组蛋白,Westem-blot证实该重组蛋白可以与CCV多克隆抗体发生特异性血清学反应。凝胶薄层扫描分析表明,3株重组酵母菌在1％甲醇诱导144h后,重组蛋白S1表达量约占培养物上清总蛋白量的6．6-8．6％左右。用重组蛋白S1免疫BALB／C小鼠3次后,小鼠血清CCV中和抗体可达1：8-1：16,表明重组S1蛋白具有一定的免疫原性。     

冠状病毒S蛋白的结构和功能

冠状病毒S蛋白具有受体结合活性和膜融合活性,在组织嗜性、细胞融合和毒力等方面具有重要作用。本综述了S蛋白的一般结构特征及其与细胞受体和膜融合的关系,并介绍了最近发现的SARS病毒S蛋白与其他冠状病毒的异同。     

冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白与延伸因子-1α的相互作用

目的:分析SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)核衣壳蛋白(N蛋白)和229E冠状病毒(HCoV-229E)核衣壳蛋白与细胞延伸因子(EF)-1α的相互作用、翻译抑制效应及与多核细胞形成的关系。方法:构建、表达及纯化SARS-N蛋白和229E-N蛋白的GST融合蛋白,用GST-pull down方法分析其与过表达的EF-1α及内源EF-1α之间的相互作用;构建和表达SARS-N蛋白和229E-N蛋白的GFP融合表达载体,转染293T细胞,通过共聚焦显微镜分析SARS-N蛋白和229E-N蛋白的亚细胞定位及多核细胞的形成;在293T细胞中过表达SARS-N蛋白或229E-N蛋白,通过Co-IP分析其与EF-1α的相互作用。分别在细胞内和体外翻译系统中分析二者抑制报告基因翻译的程度。结果:SARS-N蛋白和229E-N蛋白都定位于细胞质,并不像其他冠状病毒的N蛋白那样定位到细胞核;二者都能诱导形成多核细胞,但229E-N蛋白导致细胞形成多核细胞的时间要晚;二者都能与EF-1α相互作用并且共定位于细胞质,二者都能导致EF-1α形成多聚体;二者在细胞内及细胞外对报告基因都有抑制翻译效应。结论:SARS冠状病毒和229E冠状病毒的核衣壳蛋白均定位于细胞胞质,可与EF-1α相互作用,导致EF-1α形成多聚体,抑制报告基因翻译及导致细胞形成多核。     

犬冠状病毒S蛋白主要抗原区基因片断的表达及免疫原性

应用Pichiapastoris酵母表达了犬冠状病毒大熊猫野毒株(CCV DXMV)S蛋白主要抗原区基因片断.用特异性引物扩增出CCVDXMV株S1基因片断,并将其克隆到pGEM-T载体中得到pTS1.用KpnI和NotI双酶切pTS1回收目的基因S1定向克隆到pPICZαA中,构建出重组质粒pPICZ αAS1.将pPICZαAS1用SacI内切酶线性化后,电转化感受态GS115酵母细胞,用PCR法筛选阳性重组子.用1%的甲醇诱导重组酵母菌,取培养物上清进行重组蛋白的检测.结果重组酵母菌培养物上清用SDS-PAGE电泳可检测到相对分子量为106kDa大小的重组蛋白,Western-blot证实该重组蛋白可以与CCV多克隆抗体发生特异性血清学反应.凝胶薄层扫描分析表明,3株重组酵母菌在1%甲醇诱导144h后,重组蛋白S1表达量约占培养物上清总蛋白量的6.6-8.6%左右.用重组蛋白S1免疫BALB/C小鼠3次后,小鼠血清CCV中和抗体可达18-116,表明重组S1蛋白具有一定的免疫原性.     

SARS冠状病毒E蛋白基因的克隆与表达

E蛋白是存在于SARS病毒表面的一个小分子蛋白,在病毒的出芽过程中有重要的作用。为建立一种检测SARS病毒抗原的新方法,将E蛋白全基因序列分段合成,用连接酶连接后插入pET—GST载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21进行融合表达,结果得以成功表达GST-E融合蛋白;为SARS病毒致病机理研究和疫苗及诊断试剂的研制打下了基础。     

SARS冠状病毒S蛋白片段2的表达纯化与多克隆抗体的制备

采用RT-PCR技术从SARS冠状病毒基因组扩增编码S蛋白的S2基因片段(第2170到2814位碱基),克隆到pMD18-T载体并测序.用限制性内切酶消化后,S2基因亚克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-2,转化大肠杆菌JM109,筛选鉴定阳性菌落.扩增培养含pGEX-S2质粒的JM109大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导,超声破菌,GSH-Sepharose亲和层析纯化目的蛋白,Western-blot检测SARS患者血清可以识别纯化的蛋白.用此蛋白免疫NIH小鼠,获得了高滴度抗GST-S2抗体的血清,为进一步研究SARS冠状病毒的亚单位疫苗奠定基础.     

Characterization of HCoV-229E fusion core: implications for structure basis of coronavirus membrane fusion

Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a member of group I coronaviruses, has been identified as one of the major viral agents causing respiratory tract diseases in humans for nearly 40 years. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of the membrane fusion mediated by the spike (S) protein of HCoV-229E remains elusive. Here, we report, for the first time, a rationally designed fusion core of HCoV-229E (HR1-SGGRGG-HR2), which was in vitro produced in GST prokaryotic expression system. Multiple lines of experimental data including gel-filtration, chemical cross-linking, and circular diagram (CD) demonstrated that the HCoV-229E fusion core possesses the typical properties of the trimer of coiled-coil heterodimer (six alpha-helix bundle). 3D structure modeling presents its most-likely structure, similar to those of coronaviruses that have been well-documented. Collectively, HCoV-229E S protein belongs to the type I fusion protein, which is characterized by the existence of two heptad-repeat regions (HR1 and HR2), furthermore, the available knowledge concerning HCoV-229E fusion core may make it possible to design small molecule or polypeptide drugs targeting the membrane fusion, a crucial step of HCoV-229E infection.     

Functional interrogation of a SARS-CoV-2 host protein interactome identifies unique and shared coronavirus host factors

1. Download : Download high-res image (201KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

普通冠状病毒229E株的分子流行病学分析

目的明确哈尔滨地区普通冠状病毒229E(Human Coronavirus-229E,HCOV-229E)株的流行和变异情况及其与SARS-CoV的异同,为进一步掌握该地区常见上呼吸道病毒的流行规律及预防,乃至疫苗的制备打下基础。方法利用RT—PCR法对2003年上半年采集的部分发热病人血清及血细胞进行筛选,同时采用基因测序、序列分析等手段对扩增的HCOV-229E N gene片断进行蛋白和基因分析。结果55例标本中HCOV-229E RNA阳性病例5例,占9．09％;测序结果看出哈尔滨地区检出229E株N基因的序列与已公布的HCOV-229E Ngene(295—802)序列完全相同,所测片断为HCOV-229E N gene的部分序列。该基因与猪流行性腹泻病毒、犬冠状病毒、TGEV及猫感染性腹膜炎病毒有一定同源性;但与已公布的SARS-CoV N gene序列比较,相似性小于1％。结论(1)该地区发热病人普通冠状病毒229E株阳性率为9．09％;(2)哈尔滨地区流行的HCOVN基因无变异发生;(3)HCOV-229E与猪流行性腹泻病毒、犬冠状病毒、TGEV和猫感染性腹膜炎病毒有一定的同源性;(4)哈尔滨地区HCOV-229E N gene与SARS-CoV N gene相似性小于1％。     

Variable oligomerization modes in coronavirus non-structural protein 9

Non-structural protein 9 (Nsp9) of coronaviruses is believed to bind single-stranded RNA in the viral replication complex. The crystal structure of Nsp9 of human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E reveals a novel disulfide-linked homodimer, which is very different from the previously reported Nsp9 dimer of SARS coronavirus. In contrast, the structure of the Cys69Ala mutant of HCoV-229E Nsp9 shows the same dimer organization as the SARS-CoV protein. In the crystal, the wild-type HCoV-229E protein forms a trimer of dimers, whereas the mutant and SARS-CoV Nsp9 are organized in rod-like polymers. Chemical cross-linking suggests similar modes of aggregation in solution. In zone-interference gel electrophoresis assays and surface plasmon resonance experiments, the HCoV-229E wild-type protein is found to bind oligonucleotides with relatively high affinity, whereas binding by the Cys69Ala and Cys69Ser mutants is observed only for the longest oligonucleotides. The corresponding mutations in SARS-CoV Nsp9 do not hamper nucleic acid binding. From the crystal structures, a model for single-stranded RNA binding by Nsp9 is deduced. We propose that both forms of the Nsp9 dimer are biologically relevant; the occurrence of the disulfide-bonded form may be correlated with oxidative stress induced in the host cell by the viral infection.     

Structural characterization of the RNase E S1 domain and identification of its oligonucleotide-binding and dimerization interfaces

S1 domains occur in four of the major enzymes of mRNA decay in Escherichia coli: RNase E, PNPase, RNase II, and RNase G. Here, we report the structure of the S1 domain of RNase E, determined by both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. The RNase E S1 domain adopts an OB-fold, very similar to that found with PNPase and the major cold shock proteins, in which flexible loops are appended to a well-ordered five-stranded beta-barrel core. Within the crystal lattice, the protein forms a dimer stabilized primarily by intermolecular hydrophobic packing. Consistent with this observation, light-scattering, chemical crosslinking, and NMR spectroscopic measurements confirm that the isolated RNase E S1 domain undergoes a specific monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution with a K(D) value in the millimolar range. The substitution of glycine 66 with serine dramatically destabilizes the folded structure of this domain, thereby providing an explanation for the temperature-sensitive phenotype associated with this mutation in full-length RNase E. Based on amide chemical shift perturbation mapping, the binding surface for a single-stranded DNA dodecamer (K(D)=160(+/-40)microM) was identified as a groove of positive electrostatic potential containing several exposed aromatic side-chains. This surface, which corresponds to the conserved ligand-binding cleft found in numerous OB-fold proteins, lies distal to the dimerization interface, such that two independent oligonucleotide-binding sites can exist in the dimeric form of the RNase E S1 domain. Based on these data, we propose that the S1 domain serves a dual role of dimerization to aid in the formation of the tetrameric quaternary structure of RNase E as described by Callaghan et al. in 2003 and of substrate binding to facilitate RNA hydrolysis by the adjacent catalytic domains within this multimeric enzyme.     

SARS病毒S蛋白三维结构预测

蛋白质结构类型识别方法可以在没有序列同源性的蛋白质之间检测有没有结构相似性。利用蛋白质结构类型识别方法预测了SARS病毒S蛋白N端区域的结构。模建的SARS病毒S蛋白N端区域是一个全折叠的结构。     

The roles of interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in antigen-specific immune responses

Despite evidence that interleukin (IL)-1 promotes the proliferation of some T helper 2 (Th2) cell clones in vitro, the physiological role of IL-1 in the regulation of antigen-specific immune responses remains undefined. Using a liposome-DNA delivery system, we transiently expressed IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) to suppress IL-1 functions at the site of the antigen-specific primary immune response. Our data indicate, for the first time, that IL-1Ra downregulates antigen-specific IL-4 and IgE responses, with concomitant enhancement of interferon- and IgG2a responses in vivo. In addition, IL-1 can promote Th2 development in an IL-4-independent manner in vitro. Thus, the balance between endogenous IL-1 and IL-1Ra during the primary immune response can be an important factor in determining the antigen-specific effector function of T cells.     

Structure,receptor recognition,and antigenicity of the human coronavirus CCoV-HuPn-2018 spike glycoprotein

1. Download : Download high-res image (275KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image