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1.
This paper examines the biosemiotic approach to the study of life processes by fashioning a series of questions that any worthwhile
semiotic study of life should ask. These questions can be understood simultaneously as: (1) questions that distinguish a semiotic
biology from a non-semiotic (i.e., reductionist–physicalist) one; (2) questions that any student in biosemiotics should ask
when doing a case study; and (3) still currently unanswered questions of biosemiotics. In addition, some examples of previously
undertaken biosemiotic case studies are examined so as to suggest a broad picture of how such a biosemiotic approach to biology
might be done.
相似文献
Donald FavareauEmail: |
2.
Karel Kleisner 《Biosemiotics》2008,1(2):207-219
This paper develops the ideas of the Swiss zoologist Adolf Portmann or, more precisely, his concept of organic self-representation,
wherein Portmann considered the outer surface of living organisms as a specific organ that serves in a self-representational
role. This idea is taken as a starting point from which to elaborate Portman’s ideas, so as to make them compatible with the
theoretical framework of biosemiotics. Today, despite the many theories that help us understand aposematism, camouflage, deception
and other phenomena related to the category of mimicry, there still is a need for a general theory of self-representation
that would re-synthesize evolutionary, morphogenetic and semiotic aspects of the surface of organisms. Here, Adolf Portmann’s
concept of self-representation is considered as an important step towards the biosemiotics of animal form.
相似文献
Karel KleisnerEmail: |
3.
The object of our paper is to examine how wine-related knowledge and practices play an important role in determining the respective
flavour experiences of novice wine drinkers and sommeliers. We defend the idea that sensation is informed by knowledge, as
it circulates in a cultural environment. Biosemiotics has developed appropriate concepts helping us understand how the same
wine can generate diverging experiences. Within a biosemiotic framework, we consider wine flavours as relational, semiosic
experiences produced by the convergence of sensory-discriminative, motivational-affective and cognitive-evaluative factors.
Drawing from fundamental biosemiotics we argue that these factors vary according to the creature and its simultaneously biological
and cultural umwelt. We conclude by examining a series of empirical studies consolidating the idea that sensation is informed by knowledge and
language.
相似文献
Pierre-Louis PatoineEmail: |
4.
This article is a discussion of the critical remarks raised by Kristian Bankov in a notion called Bankov’s razor, about some
foundational elements of the biosemiotic paradigm. The elaborated form of the “razor” includes three main questions on biosemiotic
ideas, namely: 1) the philosophical grounds of the biosemiotic discourse, 2) the scientific output of biosemiotics, and 3)
the ethical consequences of some biosemiotic presumptions (this latter, given its scopes and extension, is left for a future
occasion). Such questions are commented and challenged by Dario Martinelli, from a point of view that is primarily that of
the zoosemiotician, therefore an insider of biosemiotics. In order to set the readers’ expectations in the right direction,
it shall perhaps be fair to inform them that the style of the article is rather sui generis, and can hardly be classified
within the genre of academic essays. Tones and terminology are more reminiscent of a philosophical pamphlet written in dialogical
form. Hopefully, this choice will not compromise the scientific content of the article.
相似文献
Kristian BankovEmail: |
5.
Event-related brain potentials (ERP) are important neural correlates of cognitive processes. In the domain of language processing,
the N400 and P600 reflect lexical-semantic integration and syntactic processing problems, respectively. We suggest an interpretation
of these markers in terms of dynamical system theory and present two nonlinear dynamical models for syntactic computations
where different processing strategies correspond to functionally different regions in the system’s phase space.
相似文献
Peter beim GrabenEmail: |
6.
Debates over adaptationism can be clarified and partially resolved by careful consideration of the ‘grain’ at which evolutionary
processes are described. The framework of ‘adaptive landscapes’ can be used to illustrate and facilitate this investigation.
We argue that natural selection may have special status at an intermediate grain of analysis of evolutionary processes. The
cases of sickle-cell disease and genomic imprinting are used as case studies.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
7.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
8.
9.
A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
10.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
11.
12.
13.
Philip Richard Sullivan 《Biology & philosophy》2009,24(1):65-79
This paper demonstrates that the human visual system, the primary sensory conduit for primates, processes ambient energy in
a way that obligatorily constructs the objects that we ineluctably perceive. And since our perceptual apparatus processes
information only in terms of objects (along with the properties and movements of objects), we are limited in our ability to comprehend ‘what
is’ when we move beyond our ordinary world of midsize objects—as, for example, when we address the micro microworld of quantum
physics.
相似文献
Philip Richard SullivanEmail: |
14.
Douglas Medin Norbert Ross Douglas Cox Scott Atran 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(3):315-329
There is a continuing controversy over Native American fishing and hunting rights. We show that Native American (Menominee)
and European American fish experts have a common knowledge base and share values and attitudes associated with fishing practices
(though organized around different ethical principles). Nonetheless, perceived group differences are dramatic (especially European American perceptions of Native Americans). Cultural differences in models
of nature and associated inference processes appear to mediate these stereotypes and may hold the key to reducing intergroup
conflict over resources.
相似文献
Douglas MedinEmail: |
15.
Viraj Bhat Manish Parashar Hua Liu Nagarajan Kandasamy Mohit Khandekar Scott Klasky Sherif Abdelwahed 《Cluster computing》2007,10(4):365-383
Efficient and robust data streaming services are a critical requirement of emerging Grid applications, which are based on
seamless interactions and coupling between geographically distributed application components. Furthermore the dynamism of
Grid environments and applications requires that these services be able to continually manage and optimize their operation
based on system state and application requirements. This paper presents a design and implementation of such a self-managing
data-streaming service based on online control strategies. A Grid-based fusion workflow scenario is used to evaluate the service
and demonstrate its feasibility and performance.
相似文献
Sherif AbdelwahedEmail: |
16.
The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
This paper focuses on evolution as a unifying theme in biology education. Our aim is to argue that the different topics taught
in secondary school biology classes should be enriched with and linked together by means of accounts of the history of life.
We named this approach a “natural history perspective” on biology education. An essential aspect of the natural history perspective
is the claim that evolutionary history forms the context for the development of an understanding of evolutionary processes.
While there are some indications that a natural history perspective can function as a context for understanding micro-evolutionary
processes, more research is called for.
相似文献
Esther M. van DijkEmail: |
18.
19.
The influence of sodium and potassium dynamics on excitability,seizures, and the stability of persistent states: I. Single neuron dynamics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
John R. CressmanJr. Ghanim Ullah Jokubas Ziburkus Steven J. Schiff Ernest Barreto 《Journal of computational neuroscience》2009,26(2):159-170
In these companion papers, we study how the interrelated dynamics of sodium and potassium affect the excitability of neurons,
the occurrence of seizures, and the stability of persistent states of activity. In this first paper, we construct a mathematical
model consisting of a single conductance-based neuron together with intra- and extracellular ion concentration dynamics. We
formulate a reduction of this model that permits a detailed bifurcation analysis, and show that the reduced model is a reasonable
approximation of the full model. We find that competition between intrinsic neuronal currents, sodium-potassium pumps, glia,
and diffusion can produce very slow and large-amplitude oscillations in ion concentrations similar to what is seen physiologically
in seizures. Using the reduced model, we identify the dynamical mechanisms that give rise to these phenomena. These models
reveal several experimentally testable predictions. Our work emphasizes the critical role of ion concentration homeostasis
in the proper functioning of neurons, and points to important fundamental processes that may underlie pathological states
such as epilepsy.
相似文献
John R. Cressman Jr.Email: |
20.
Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
相似文献
Terry HarmerEmail: |