C02倍增对渗透胁迫下小麦叶片抗氧化酶类及细胞程序性死亡的影响

经渗透胁迫后,CO2倍增条件下小麦叶片的SOD、POX和CAT的活性均显著高于对照,上升或稳定时期较长;在渗透胁迫后期MDA含量和电解质泄露率增加较慢,显著低于对照;H2O2含量一直高于对照但进行PEG胁迫后增长较慢。CO2倍增条件下,小麦细胞出现DNA梯的时间较晚而且持续的时间较长,DNA梯出现时抗氧化酶和H2O2处于相对稳定状态。结果表明在渗透胁迫下CO2倍增使小麦的抗氧化能力增强从而减轻了对细胞膜和DNA的损伤,并且干旱条件下小麦的细胞程序性死亡可能是由于细胞内氧化过强所致。     

CO2倍增对渗透胁迫下小麦叶片抗氧化酶类及细胞程序性死亡的影响

经渗透胁迫后,ＣＯ２倍增条件下小麦叶片的ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＸ和ＣＡＴ的活性均显著高于对照,上升或稳定时期较长;在渗透胁迫后期ＭＤＡ含量和电解质泄露率增加较慢,显著低于对照;Ｈ２Ｏ２含量一直高于对照但进行ＰＥＧ胁迫后增长较慢。ＣＯ２倍增条件下,小麦细胞出现ＤＮＡ梯的时间较晚而且持续时间较长,ＤＮＡ梯出现时抗氧化酶和Ｈ２Ｏ２处于相对稳定状态。结果表明在渗透胁迫下ＣＯ２倍增使小麦的抗氧化能力增强从而减轻了对细     

H2O2胁迫锻炼对小麦幼苗抗旱性的影响

12 d龄的春小麦幼苗在1 mmol·L-1 及10 mmol·L-1 H2O2的胁迫锻炼过程中,质膜透性增大,O-·及H2O2含量增多,CAT活性升高,叶绿素含量降低,低浓度H2O2胁迫使SOD活性上升,高浓度时却使其活性下降.经过H2O2胁迫锻炼后的小麦遭受干旱胁迫时,叶绿素含量、SOD活性、CAT活性均高于对照组,而质膜透性、O-·及H2O2含量却低于对照组.表明H2O2胁迫锻炼,提高了小麦幼苗的抗氧化能力,增强了其抗旱性.     

CO2浓度倍增对干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗膜脂过氧化及抗氧化系统的影响

为了探明CO2浓度倍增对干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗氧化损伤的缓解机理,为未来大气CO2浓度升高或温室CO2施肥以及干旱、半干旱地区水分亏缺等逆境胁迫下黄瓜的优质高效栽培提供理论依据和技术参数,以温室专用黄瓜品种津优1号(Cucumissativus L.var.Jinyou No.1)为试材,采用裂区设计,主区因素为CO2浓度处理,设2个CO2浓度水平:大气CO2浓度(≈380μmol/mol,表示为Ambient[CO2])和倍增CO2浓度((760±20)μmol/mol,表示为Doubled[CO2]);裂区因素为水分处理,用PEG6000模拟根际干旱胁迫,设3个水分处理水平:对照(营养液,表示为C)、中度干旱胁迫(含5%PEG6000的营养液,相当于水势ψw=-0.05MPa,表示为M)和重度干旱胁迫(含10%PEG6000的营养液,相当于水势ψw=-0.15MPa,表示为S),研究了CO2浓度倍增对干旱胁迫条件下黄瓜幼苗叶片渗透调节物质含量、膜脂过氧化及抗氧化系统的影响,结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫导致黄瓜幼苗活性氧积累,质膜透性增大,丙二醛含量升高,同时幼苗叶片脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白质和可溶性总糖含量显著增加,抗氧化酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR)显著提高,抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量显著升高;(2)CO2浓度倍增不仅有利于促进干旱胁迫条件下黄瓜叶片渗透调节物质的积累,而且能够促进干旱胁迫条件下黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR)活性的表达,减轻干旱胁迫下活性氧的积累,使膜脂过氧化程度下降,质膜相对透性降低,丙二醛含量减少,对防止植物的氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。综上所述,推测温室CO2施肥或未来CO2浓度升高可在一定程度上增强黄瓜幼苗的抗旱性和缓解干旱胁迫的负效应。     

外源H2O2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生理指标的影响

以‘郑麦-004’小麦幼苗为供试材料,采用Hoagland营养液培养方法,通过添加H2O2的清除剂过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸(ASA),研究0.05μmol/L外源H2O2处理对150mmol/L NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗生长和抗氧化系统活性的影响,探讨低浓度外源H2O2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗伤害的防护作用及其生理机制。结果显示:外源H2O2能缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制效应,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧自由基(O2.-)的产生速率,使小麦幼苗的株高、根长和干重均显著增加,并能提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、CAT、抗坏血酸氧化酶(APX)等保护酶活性和抗氧化物质谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量;而H2O2清除剂(CAT和AsA)能够逆转外源H2O2对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长的促进作用。研究表明,低浓度外源H2O2处理能促进小麦幼苗中的酶类和非酶类抗氧化剂的产生,减少脂质过氧化物的含量,提高小麦幼苗的耐盐性。     

镉胁迫下绿豆和箭舌豌豆幼苗的抗氧化反应

采用溶液培养法对Cd2 胁迫下绿豆和箭舌豌豆幼苗叶组织内的抗氧化酶活性、活性氧和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及细胞电解质泄漏率的变化进行了研究。结果显示,随着Cd2 胁迫浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,2种作物叶组织内的MDA含量和细胞电解质泄漏率明显增加;在胁迫期间,二者的过氧化氢(H2O2)和超氧阴离子(O2.-)的含量以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高并在不同的时间达到高峰后再下降的趋势。与箭舌豌豆相比,Cd2 胁迫下的绿豆幼苗叶组织的MDA含量、电解质泄漏率及H2O2和O2.-的积累量较高,CAT、SOD和APX的活性较低。研究表明,Cd2 胁迫下箭舌豌豆的抗氧化能力高于绿豆的抗氧化能力。     

H_2O_2胁迫锻炼对小麦幼苗抗旱性的影响

12 d龄的春小麦幼苗在 1 mmol· L- 1及 1 0 mmol· L- 1H2 O2 的胁迫锻炼过程中 ,质膜透性增大 ,O- · 及 H2 O2 含量增多 ,CAT活性升高 ,叶绿素含量降低 ,低浓度 H2 O2 胁迫使SOD活性上升 ,高浓度时却使其活性下降。经过 H2 O2 胁迫锻炼后的小麦遭受干旱胁迫时 ,叶绿素含量、SOD活性、CAT活性均高于对照组 ,而质膜透性、O- · 及 H2 O2 含量却低于对照组。表明 H2 O2 胁迫锻炼 ,提高了小麦幼苗的抗氧化能力 ,增强了其抗旱性     

CO2浓度倍增对城市银杏(Ginkgo biloba)叶片膜脂过氧化与抗氧化酶活性的影响

以生长在沈阳市区内的银杏为试材,使用开顶箱模拟法对倍增CO2浓度（700μmolmol-1）和正常空气CO2浓度（≈350μmolmol-1）条件下银杏生长参数,超氧阴离子自由基（O2^-.）产生速率,丙二醛（MDA）含量,抗坏血酸（ASA）含量,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）及谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性动态变化进行分析,探讨高浓度CO2对银杏膜脂过氧化与抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在短期（60d）内CO2浓度倍增使银杏细胞内O2^-.产生速率与H2O2含量减少,而ASA含量与SOD、APX、GR活性升高。与对照相比,大多数测定显示出显著差别。但较长期（70d以上）CO2浓度倍增处理则使试验结果发生逆转,活性氧O2-.产生速率略有升高,SOD、APX、GR活性略有下降,ASA含量仍略高于对照（但与对照相比差异并不显著）,长期CO2浓度倍增处理可能使试验结果发生逆转。     

CO_2浓度升高对干旱胁迫下小麦光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响

在CO2 浓度分别为 35 0 μmol·mol-1和倍增浓度 (70 0 μmol·mol-1)的两个开顶式生长室内 ,研究了干旱胁迫下小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .)光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的变化 .结果表明 ,CO2 浓度升高显著提高了小麦的净光合速率 ,降低了蒸腾速率 ,提高了气孔阻力和水分利用效率 .倍增CO2 浓度明显提高了SOD、POD及CAT酶活性 ,增强了小麦的抗氧化保护能力和抗旱性 .     

两种生态型芦苇胚性悬浮培养物对渗透胁迫的生理响应Ⅱ.抗氧化酶类活性的变化

渗透胁迫处理下,沙丘芦苇和沼泽芦苇培养细胞的H2O2含量变化不大,MDA含量随时间延长而降低.抗氧化酶中,沙丘芦苇的SOD、CAT、POD和APx的活力均显著高于沼泽芦苇,显示出比沼泽芦苇更强的ROS清除能力.胁迫初期(O.5 h～1 d)沙丘芦苇细胞中主要表现出SOD、CAT活力的提高,胁迫2 d后4种酶活力均明显被诱导.两种生态型芦苇的PEG适应性培养物APx及SOD酶活力显著提高,POD活性仅沼泽芦苇中升高.提示SOD、CAT主要参与沙丘芦苇在渗透胁迫下的短期响应,而APx与长期响应有关.     

渗透胁迫对黑麦幼苗活性氧和抗氧化酶活性的影响

用20%聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)研究了渗透胁迫对黑麦(Secale cereale L.)幼苗活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)和主要抗氧化酶—— 超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase, APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(glutathione reductase, GR)活性的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, PEG处理明显提高了叶子和根中丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)的含量、ROS的水平和以上4种抗氧化酶的活性。渗透胁迫下,叶子和根中MDA和ROS水平变化的规律基本相似, 但抗氧化酶活性在2种器官中表现不完全相同, 叶子中CAT的活性在对照和处理中无显著差异, 但在根中差异明显, 表明叶子中SOD、APX和GR在植物应答渗透胁迫中起重要作用, 而根中这4种抗氧化酶都参与植物对胁迫的反应。GR活性随PEG处理变化幅度显著高于其它抗氧化酶, 表明GR在黑麦应答渗透胁迫中所起作用可能强于其它抗氧化酶。     

不同CO2浓度下渗透胁迫对小麦膜伤害的影响

研究了常规CO     

Abscisic acid-regulated responses of aba2-1 under osmotic stress: the abscisic acid-inducible antioxidant defence system and reactive oxygen species production

We investigated the interaction among abscisic acid (ABA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defence system in the transduction of osmotic stress signalling using Arabidopsis thaliana WT (Columbia ecotype, WT) and an ABA-deficient mutant (aba2-1). For this, 50 μm ABA and osmotic stress, induced with 40% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG8000; -0.7 MPa), were applied to WT and aba2-1 for 6, 12 or 24 h. Time course analysis was undertaken for determination of total/isoenzyme activity of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), NADPH oxidase (NOX; EC 1.6.3.1) activity; scavenging activity of the hydroxyl radical (OH˙), hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2) ); endogenous ABA and malondialdehyde (MDA). The highest H(2) O(2) and MDA content was found in PEG-treated groups of both genotypes, but with more in aba2-1. ABA treatment under stress reduced the accumulation of H(2) O(2) and MDA, while it promoted activity of SOD, CAT and APX. APX activity was higher than CAT activity in ABA-treated WT and aba2-1, indicating a protective role of APX rather than CAT during osmotic stress-induced oxidative damage. Treatment with ABA also significantly induced increased NOX activity. Oxidative damage was lower in ABA-treated seedlings of both genotypes, which was associated with greater activity of SOD (Mn-SOD1 and 2 and Fe-SOD isoenzymes), CAT and APX in these seedlings after 24 h of stress. These results suggest that osmotic stress effects were overcome by ABA treatment because of increased SOD, CAT, APX and NOX.     

Copper-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in Arabidopsis thaliana

Content of reactive oxygen species (ROS): O2*-, H2O2 and OH* as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) were studied in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia, treated with Cu excess (0, 5, 25, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 300 microM). After 7 days of Cu action ROS content and the activity of SOD and POX increased, while CAT activity decreased in comparison with control. Activities of SOD, POX and CAT were correlated both with Cu concentration (0-75 microM) in the growth medium and with OH* content in leaves. Close correlation was also found between OH* content and Cu concentration. Oxidative stress in A. thaliana under Cu treatment expressed in elevated content of O2*-, H2O2 and OH* in leaves. To overcome it very active the dismutase- and peroxidase-related (and not catalase-related, as in other plants) ROS scavenging system operated in A. thaliana. Visual symptoms of phytotoxicity: chlorosis, necrosis and violet colouring of leaves as well as a reduction of shoot biomass occurred in plants.     

外源一氧化氮对渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化的缓解作用

采用15%的聚乙二醇-6000(PEG-6000)对扬麦158三叶一心期的幼苗根部进行轻度渗透胁迫处理,并通过添加不同浓度的一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)供体硝普钠(sodium nitropussidi,SNP)和相应的对照(BO-3/NO-2),研究外源NO处理对渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化作用的影响.结果发现,0.1 nnol/L的SNP能降低渗透胁迫造成的小麦幼苗叶片脂氧合酶(lipoxygenase,LOX)活性的提高,降低超氧阴离子(O-2)的产生速率和质膜相对透性的增加以及丙二醛(MDA)和H2O2的累积;0.1 mmol/L的SNP还能够诱导超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,加速脯氨酸(Pro)的累积,而0.5mmo1/L的SNP和0.1mmo1/L的NO3/NO2(对照)处理的效果则不明显.上述结果表明低浓度NO对渗透胁迫造成的膜脂过氧化有明显的缓解效应.     

渗透胁迫下稻苗中铁催化的膜脂过氧化作用

在－０．７ＭＰａ渗透胁迫下,水稻幼苗体内和Ｈ２Ｏ２大量产生,Ｆｅ２＋积累,膜脂过氧化作用加剧。水稻幼苗体内Ｆｅ２＋含量与膜脂过氧化产物ＭＤＡ含量呈极显著的正相关。外源Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ｈ２Ｏ２、Ｆｅ２＋＋Ｈ２Ｏ２、ＤＤＴＣ均能刺激膜脂过氧化作用,而铁离子的螯合剂ＤＴＰＡ则有缓解作用。ＯＨ的清除剂苯甲酸钠和甘露醇能明显地抑制渗透胁迫下Ｆｅ２＋催化的膜脂过氧化作用。这都表明渗透胁迫下水稻幼苗体内铁诱导的膜脂过氧化作用主要是由于其催化Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ型Ｈａｂｅｒ－Ｗｅｉｓｓ反应形成ＯＨ所致。     

外源ATP对盐胁迫下油菜幼苗生长的影响

研究了外源ATP处理对盐胁迫下油菜幼苗生长的影响,探讨了过氧化氢(H₂O₂)和钙离子(Ca²⁺)作为信号分子在ATP对油菜幼苗耐盐性调控过程中的作用。结果表明:与单独Na Cl处理相比,ATP+Na Cl处理降低了油菜幼苗死细胞数量、ROS(■和H₂O₂)含量、离子(Ca²⁺、Na⁺、Cl^-)含量、MDA含量及Na⁺/K⁺比和相对电导率,增加了叶片中叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)活性,提高了抗氧化酶基因(CAT、SOD、APX、GR)、NADPH氧化酶基因(RBOHD、RBOHF)、P5CS1基因、MAPK激酶基因(MAPK3、MAPK6)、耐盐基因(NHX1、SOS1)转录;与ATP+Na Cl处理相比,ATP+Na Cl+抑制剂(DPI、DMTU和EGTA)处理下油菜幼苗中相对电导率、MDA、叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量和抗...     

Antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde, and total phenolic content of PEG-induced hyperhydric leaves in sugar beet tissue culture

Hyperhydricity is a physiological abnormality that frequently affects shoots that are vegetatively propagated in vitro. In this study, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Felicita) shoot tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. We observed that higher concentrations of PEG 6000 and longer exposure (up to 4 wk) resulted in increasing levels of hyperhydration as well as browning and/or blackening of tissues in culture. A comparison of hyperhydric shoots with controls on the 28th day showed a marked increase in the content of water, phenolics, and malondialdehyde (MDA), which was positively correlated with an increase in the accumulation of PEG 6000. Selected antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) also increased in hyperhydric shoots, especially at lower concentrations of PEG 6000. Regression analysis indicated that strong linear relationships exist between SOD–APX (R ²?=?0.932), SOD–CAT (R ²?=?0.753), SOD–total phenolic content (R ²?=?0.966), APX–PPO (R ²?=?0.842), APX–total phenolic content (R ²?=?0.904), POX–CAT (R ²?=?0.751), and CAT–total phenolic content (R ²?=?0.806). Despite the correlation between different antioxidant enzymes and between the antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds, was not able to prevent ROS damage in hyperhydric shoots. The negative correlation between SOD–MDA, POX–MDA, CAT–MDA, and MDA–total phenolics also indicated an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities, yet the increase in these antioxidant compound contents did not prevent lipid peroxidation of in vitro propagated beet shoots.     

Respective and interactive effects of doubled CO2 and O3 concentration on membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidative ability of soybean

Effects of doubled CO2 and O3 concentration on Soybean were studied in open-top chambers (OTC). Under doubled CO2 concentration, grain yield and biomass increased, the SOD activity, vitamin C (Vc) and carotenoid (Car) content also increased; Superoxide (O2-.) generating rate decreased, relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly declined.But under doubled O3 concentration, the SOD activity, Vc and Car contents declined, resulting in imbalance of activated-oxygen production, enhanced O2-. generating rate and accelerated process of lipid peroxidation and increase in MDA content and ion leakage of leaves. The final result was decreased grain yield and plant biomass. Interactive effects of doubled CO2 and O3 concentrations on soybean were mostly counteractive. However, the beneficial effects of concentration-doubled CO2 are more than compensate the negative effects imposed by doubled O3, and the latter in its turn partly counteracted the positive effects of the former.     

Effects of salicylic acid and salinity on apoplastic antioxidant enzymes in two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) and salinity on the activity of apoplastic antioxidant enzymes were studied in the leaves of two wheat (Triticum aestivam L.) cultivars: salt-tolerant (Gerek-79) and salt-sensitive (Bezostaya). The leaves of 10-d-old seedlings grown at nutrient solution with 0 (control), 250 or 500 mM NaCl were sprayed with 0.01 or 0.1 mM SA. Then, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the fresh leaves obtained from 15-d-old seedlings. The NaCl applications increased CAT and SOD activities in both cultivars, compared to those of untreated control plants. In addition, the NaCl increased POX activity in the salt-tolerant while decreased in the salt-sensitive cultivar. In control plants of the both cultivars, 0.1 mM SA increased CAT activity, while 0.01 mM SA slightly decreased it. SA treatments also stimulated SOD and POX activity in the salt-tolerant cultivar but significantly decreased POX activity and had no effect on SOD activity in the saltsensitive cultivar. Under salinity, the SA treatments significantly inhibited CAT activity, whereas increased POX activity. The increases in POX activity caused by SA were more pronounced in the salt-tolerant than in the salt-sensitive cultivar. SOD activity was increased by 0.01 mM SA in the salt-tolerant while increased by 0.1 mM SA treatment in the salt-sensitive cultivar.