共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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沙冬青属植物具有抗寒、抗旱、抗盐碱等特性,是研究植物逆境胁迫和筛选天然抗逆基因库的理想材料。非生物胁迫是限制沙冬青属植物生长发育及地理分布的重要因素,研究沙冬青属植物响应非生物胁迫的蛋白质组学为发掘其相关抗逆蛋白质及探索抗逆机理奠定基础。通过对近年来国内外利用蛋白质组学技术研究沙冬青属植物应答逆境胁迫的相关成果进行总结归纳,综述沙冬青属植物对低温、干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫响应的蛋白质组学最新研究进展,探讨在非生物胁迫下沙冬青属植物蛋白质水平的动态变化,揭示特定的蛋白质网络以及相关逆境应答机制,并对蛋白质组学技术应用前景进行展望,以期为沙冬青属植物抗逆分子机制更深入、全面的研究提供参考依据。 相似文献
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以新疆乌恰县4个样地新疆沙冬青Ammopiptanthus nanus根围3个土层土壤为研究对象,利用Nested-PCR-DGGE技术,结合DGGE图谱分析、DNA克隆测序及系统发育分析,研究新疆沙冬青AM真菌菌群结构与遗传多样性特征,为新疆沙冬青根围功能菌群研究奠定基础。结果表明,不同样地和土层,AM真菌具有不同DGGE指纹图谱特征,AM真菌丰度、优势度及其多样性指数均有差异,其中上阿图什30–40cm土层AM真菌丰度和多样性指数最高,分别为20和3.48。DGGE条带测序和系统发育分析显示,全部序列归为2属14种,球囊霉属Glomus是其优势属,其中Uncultured Glomus(AB698612)和Uncultured Glomus(AB698616)普遍存在于4样地3个土层,Glomus sp.(FN429104)和Uncultured Glomus(KC797120)是上阿图什30–40cm土层特有种,Glomus sp.(EU332717),Rhizophagus intraradices(FR750206)和Uncultured Glomus(AB698616)是新疆沙冬青根围优势种。G.indicum和Rh.intraradices在形态学鉴定中未出现,说明分子生物学技术对真菌多样性研究起着补充和完善的作用。 相似文献
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孑遗植物沙冬青的研究进展与展望 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
沙冬青源于第三纪,是亚洲中部荒漠地带唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,属于阿拉善-鄂尔多斯生物多样性中心的特有种.沙冬青在对历史环境演变的长期适应过程中,逐渐形成了独特的超旱生结构和抗逆机理,是特种基因片断的稀有载体,在研究古地理、古气候、植物系统发育和荒漠地区生物多样性变化中具有重要的中介意义,也是特种植物化学成分(生物碱和高活性植物抗冻蛋白)研究、提取和转接的珍贵材料.沙冬青四季常绿,抗旱抗寒,防风固沙能力强,是干旱沙区治沙造林和园林绿化中难得的树种.沙冬青种子可提取特种工业用油,枝、叶可入药,能祛风、活血、止痛,外用主治冻疮、慢性风湿性关节炎等. 相似文献
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沙冬青属的细胞学研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
沙冬青属(Ammopiptanthus)植物仅两个种,即蒙古沙冬青(A.mongolicus)和新疆沙冬青(A.nanus),为第三纪残遗种,是中亚荒漠唯一的常绿阔叶植物,因珍稀,临危而被列为国家重点保护植物”。国内外对该属两个种的染色体数目的记载存在着差异。本文对沙冬青属两种植物的染色体数目和核型进行了分析研究,旨在为探讨该属植物的发生和系统发育,以及开展植物多样性保护和合理开发利用积累资料。 相似文献
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沙冬青染色体数目及核型的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文首次报道了沙冬青的染色体数目及核型,沙冬青 Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.)Cheng f.染色体基数目为x＝9,其核型公式为 2n=18=4m十14sm(2SAT)。 相似文献
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基于对乌兰布和沙漠地区植被调查数据,采用物种多样性和种群联结性相结合的分析方法,对珍稀植物沙冬青群落生存状况进行分析评价,以揭示群落稳定性及更新演替趋势。结果表明:(1)研究区沙冬青群落的种类组成比较丰富,与沙冬青伴生的植物共有25种,其中灌木12种,草本植物13种。(2)灌木层物种多样性水平较草本层高,但无论是灌木层还是草本层,固定沙丘生境的沙冬青群落物种多样性均较大,物种均较为丰富;物种均匀度减小是群落草本层多样性下降的主要原因。(3)种间总体联结性测定结果显示,沙冬青群落中灌木层种间有轻微正关联;总体竞争性较弱,表明沙冬青在群落中处于优势地位。(4)从种间联结来看,大多数种对为正联结,或联结性较小且均不显著,说明沙冬青作为该群落的建群种,它的分布和存在似乎不受其他物种的影响或所受影响很小,有独立分布特征;但即使联结性不强的物种也可能有较高的相伴出现机率。研究认为,可通过保护和选择与之正联结较强的物种来保护和建立沙冬青生存环境,以维持沙冬青分布群落的稳定性,最终达到实效保护目的。 相似文献
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濒危植物矮沙冬青的等位酶多样性及居群分化 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用超薄平板微型聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦技术,对珍稀濒危植物矮沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus nanus)6个自然居群的等位酶遗传多样性进行了初步研究。8个酶系统、l9个酶位点的检测结果表明,矮沙冬青具有较低的遗传变异水平。物种水平上的遗传多样性参数为：P=21．05％,A=1．21,Ht=0．040;居群水平上的平均遗传多样性为：P=14．04％,A=1．14(0．04),Ht=0．036(0．018),比长寿命多年生木本的狭域分布种和特有种的多样性水平都低。F-统计量分析显示,矮沙冬青在居群水平(F15=0．129)和总居群水平(FIT=0．202)上都表现为杂合子缺乏;Fsr=0．085表明居群问遗传分化较小,这与居群间较高的遗传一致度(I=0．997)的结果一致。据研究结果推测矮沙冬青进化历史上经历过遗传瓶颈,是造成遗传多样性水平偏低的重要原因。基于研究结果,提出应当重点保护遗传变异相对丰富的何依儿佣克尔(KE)居群,并且可将其作为引种的种源地。 相似文献
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利用16S rDNA RFLP、16S-23S rDNA RFLP和16S rDNA序列分析方法,对分离自宁夏和内蒙古阿拉善地区的沙冬青根瘤菌进行了遗传多样性和系统发育分析.结果表明,分离自不同地区沙冬青根瘤菌的44株测试菌株分别归属于中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)、叶杆菌属 (Phylobacterium)、中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)5个属种.受寄主和地理环境因素的影响,沙冬青根瘤菌具有丰富的遗传多样性. 相似文献
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• Background and Aims The desert legume genus Ammopiptanthuscomprises two currently endangered species, A. mongolicus andA. nanus. Genetic variability and genetic differentiation betweenthe two species and within each species were examined. • Methods Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker datawere obtained and analysed with respect to genetic diversity,structure and gene flow. • Key Results Despite the morphological similarity betweenA. mongolicus and A. nanus, the two species are geneticallydistinct from each other, indicated by 63 % species-specificbands. Low genetic variability was detected for both populationlevel (Shannon indices of diversity Hpop = 0·106, percentageof polymorphic loci P = 18·55 % for A. mongolicus; Hpop= 0·070, P = 12·24 % for A. nanus) and specieslevel (Hsp = 0·1832, P = 39·39 % for A. mongolicus;Hsp = 0·1026, P = 25·89 % for A. nanus). Moderategenetic differentiation was found based on different measures(AMOVA ST and Hickory B) in both A. mongolicus (0·3743–0·3744)and A. nanus (0·2162–0·2369). • Conclusions The significant genetic difference betweenthe two species might be due to a possible vicariant evolutionaryevent from a single common ancestor through the fragmentationof their common ancestor's range. Conservation strategies forthese two endangered species are proposed. 相似文献
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水稻品种多样性遗传分析与稻瘟病控制 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以2个籼型杂交稻——汕优63(A)和汕优22(B)、2个地方糯稻品种——黄壳糯(C)和紫糯(D)和3个粳稻品种——合系41(E)、楚粳12(F)和8126(G)为材料进行抗病基因同源序列(Resistance Gene Analogue,RGA)遗传分析。结果表明,杂交稻品种间以及粳稻品种间的抗性遗传较为相似,其相似系数分别为0．86和0．84。糯稻品种间以及糯稻、杂交稻和粳稻间的抗性遗传差异较大,相似系数为0．45。聚类分析表明,RGA结果与品种的系谱来源相吻合,与品种的田间抗性基本一致。根据品种的抗性遗传差异、农艺性状和经济性状的不同,在云南籼稻区的建水和石屏县以及温暖粳稻区的泸西县分别选用5种(A／C、A／D、B／C、B／D和A／B)和2种(E／C和E／F／G)不同的品种组合进行品种多样性混合间栽控制稻瘟病田间试验,结果表明,抗性遗传差异大(相似性：0．45～0．77)的5个品种混合间栽组合对稻瘟病有极为显著的控制效果,尤其是在混合间栽中高度感病的优质地方稻品种稻瘟病的发病率、病情指数均有极显著的下降,防治效果达54．47％～92．18％;遗传差异较小(相似性：0．84～0．90)的2个混栽组合混栽对稻瘟病的控制效果不明显,稻瘟病的防治效果在15．12％～25．54％。此外,品种抗性遗传和株高差异大的品种组合具有显著的增产效果,与品种净栽相比,平均增产539．0～900．0kg／ha,增幅5．57％-10．38％;品种抗性遗传和株高相似的品种组合没有增产效果。 相似文献
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《Evolutionary Applications》2018,11(8):1305-1321
Functional connectivity, quantified using landscape genetics, can inform conservation through the identification of factors linking genetic structure to landscape mechanisms. We used breeding habitat metrics, landscape attributes, and indices of grouse abundance, to compare fit between structural connectivity and genetic differentiation within five long‐established Sage‐Grouse Management Zones (MZ) I‐V using microsatellite genotypes from 6,844 greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) collected across their 10.7 million‐km2 range. We estimated structural connectivity using a circuit theory‐based approach where we built resistance surfaces using thresholds dividing the landscape into “habitat” and “nonhabitat” and nodes were clusters of sage‐grouse leks (where feather samples were collected using noninvasive techniques). As hypothesized, MZ‐specific habitat metrics were the best predictors of differentiation. To our surprise, inclusion of grouse abundance‐corrected indices did not greatly improve model fit in most MZs. Functional connectivity of breeding habitat was reduced when probability of lek occurrence dropped below 0.25 (MZs I, IV) and 0.5 (II), thresholds lower than those previously identified as required for the formation of breeding leks, which suggests that individuals are willing to travel through undesirable habitat. The individual MZ landscape results suggested terrain roughness and steepness shaped functional connectivity across all MZs. Across respective MZs, sagebrush availability (<10%–30%; II, IV, V), tree canopy cover (>10%; I, II, IV), and cultivation (>25%; I, II, IV, V) each reduced movement beyond their respective thresholds. Model validations confirmed variation in predictive ability across MZs with top resistance surfaces better predicting gene flow than geographic distance alone, especially in cases of low and high differentiation among lek groups. The resultant resistance maps we produced spatially depict the strength and redundancy of range‐wide gene flow and can help direct conservation actions to maintain and restore functional connectivity for sage‐grouse. 相似文献
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Callegari-Jacques SM Crossetti SG Kohlrausch FB Salzano FM Tsuneto LT Petzl-Erler ML Hill K Hurtado AM Hutz MH 《American journal of physical anthropology》2007,134(2):190-197
New frequencies for the beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes are presented for the Aché (N = 82 individuals), Guarani (N = 76), and Kaingang (N = 54), three Native South American populations that live in an area between parallels 20 degrees S and 30 degrees S not covered by previous studies at this locus. The haplotype frequencies obtained for the three populations are within the interval observed for 28 other Native American populations. The Aché show much less haplotypes (five) than the other two populations (9-10), the haplotype prevalences being more similar to those of the Guarani than to the Kaingang. The Native American total heterozygosity was about half (0.41) that obtained for the African populations (0.71), but was not much different from those obtained for other continents. A geographical pattern was disclosed in South America by mapping the frequencies of the most common haplotype (haplotype 2), and by means of spatial correlation analysis. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise F(ST) data suggest three distinct sectors for the genetic landscape of Native South America: the Andes, the Center/Southeast region, and the Amazon. 相似文献
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Dan‐Dan Wei Wang He Ning Lang Ze‐Qing Miao Lin‐Fan Xiao Wei Dou Jin‐Jun Wang 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2019,102(3)
Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is considered to be a highly invasive and destructive agricultural pest due to its strong dispersal and adaptive capacity. Rapid development of insecticide resistance poses a serious threat to the sustainable control of this pest. Here, the resistance mechanisms and invasion pathways of this fly are outlined for a better understanding of the resistance‐gene flow pattern and invasion routes. We believe this microreview will provide a glimpse of the native regions, spread and management of resistance, and guide future work on these important topics. 相似文献
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Farida Bouftass Mustapha Labhilili Brahim Ezzahiri Aziz Ziouti 《Journal of Phytopathology》2010,158(2):111-116
The genetic variability and collection structure of the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia recondita collected from four agro‐ecological areas of Morocco, Abda‐doukala, Chaouia‐Tadla, Gharb and Tangérois were investigated by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A set of five AFLP primers combinations which generated 253 polymorphic loci were used. Hierarchical partitioning revealed that bread wheat collections of Puccinia recondita form a single collection. No significant variation was observed between durum wheat collections of Puccinia recondita; they maintained most of the genetic variability within rather among collections. The distribution pattern of genetic variation of Puccinia recondita collections seems to be the result of high gene flow and the mixed reproduction system. 相似文献
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Hanne Haugen;Børre K. Dervo;Kjartan Østbye;Jan Heggenes;Olivier Devineau;Arne Linløkken; 《Evolutionary Applications》2024,17(1):e13633
Genetic diversity is a key part of biodiversity, threatened by human activities that lead to loss of gene flow and reduction of effective population sizes. Gene flow is a result of both landscape connectivity and demographic processes determining the number of dispersing individuals in space and time. Thus, the effect of human impact on processes determining the level of genetic diversity must be interpreted in the context of basic ecological conditions affecting survival and recruitment. When the intensity of human impact and habitat suitability correlate, the effect on genetic diversity and gene flow may be challenging to predict. We compared genetic diversity, gene flow and landscape resistance in two contrasting landscapes in Norway for the pond-breeding amphibian Triturus cristatus: a highly human-impacted, agricultural landscape with ecologically productive habitats, and a forested landscape with less productive habitats and lower levels of human impact. Our results show that genetic diversity was higher and gene flow lower within the forested landscape. Microclimatic moisture conditions and vegetation cover were important determinants of landscape resistance to gene flow within both landscapes. There were indications that landscape resistance was increased by minor roads in the forested landscape, which was not the case for the agricultural landscape, suggesting a higher vulnerability to human interference within the landscape matrix for the populations in less productive habitats. Our findings suggest that the effect of human impact on genetic diversity may not be straightforward but modulated by the ecological conditions underlying local demographic processes. Populations within both landscapes seem to be vulnerable to loss of genetic diversity, but due to different mechanisms. This has implications for the choice of relevant management actions, that is, increasing population stability may be more relevant within an agricultural landscape still permeable for dispersal, while conserving dispersal corridors may be more appropriate in the forested landscape, to avoid isolation and increased genetic drift. 相似文献
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为了揭示云南薏苡种质资源多样性,发掘薏苡资源中的有益基因,利用主成分分析和聚类分析,对收集的65个薏苡种质资源的13个农艺性状进行多样性评价。结果表明,云南薏苡资源存在丰富的遗传多样性,其中栽培种的分枝数和分蘖数的遗传变异系数分别达到57.4%和47.5%,野生种百粒重的遗传变异系数达到60.4%。应用主成分分析将云南薏苡13个性状简化为7个主成分,其累积贡献率为85.67%,以叶片宽因子贡献率最高,为49%。采用系统聚类分析,将65份供试材料在遗传距离16.21水平上聚为5个大类,可区分为株高较矮叶片较短型、株高较高叶片较长型以及3个特殊型。 相似文献
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We used inter-simple sequence repeat fingerprinting to analyze the genetic structure of 16 populations of Stentor coeruleus from three lakes and three ponds in China. Using 14 polymorphic primers, a total of 99 discernible DNA fragments were detected, among which 76 (76.77%) were polymorphic, indicating median genetic diversity in these populations. Further, both Nei's gene diversity (h) and Shannon's information index (I) between the different populations revealed a median genetic diversity. At the same time, gene flow was interpreted to be low. The main factors responsible for the median level of diversity and low gene flow within populations are probably due to a low frequency of sexual recombinations. Analysis of molecular variance showed that there was high genetic differentiation among the five water bodies. Both cluster analysis and a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis suggested that genotypes isolated from the same locations displayed a higher genetic similarity than those from different ones, separating populations into subgroups according to their geographical locations. However, there is a weak positive correlation between the genetic distance and geographical distance. 相似文献