化妆品微生物检验系列干燥培养基的研制和质量控制

为贯彻执行国家对化妆品的卫生监督管理,作者按国标检验方法研制成功适用于化妆品细菌总数和特定菌检验的系列干燥培养基。通过标准实验菌株灵敏度测定并与常规培养基对比,表明该培养基质量符合质控技术指标要求,性能稳定,简便易行,提高工效,有实用推广价值。     

化妆品微生物检验系列干燥培养基的研制和质量控制

摘要为贯彻执行国家对化妆品的卫生监督管理,作者按国标检验方法研制成功适用于化妆品细菌总数和特定菌检验的系列干燥培养基。通过标准实验菌株灵敏度测定并与常规培养基对比,表明该培养基质量符合质控技术指标要求,性能稳定,简便易行,提高工效,有实用推广价值。     

荧光法快速检测活菌数的方法研究及应用

【背景】Calcein UltraGreen~(TM)AM是一种新型荧光染料,用于标记和监测活细胞。【目的】基于该荧光染料的荧光特性及其在活细胞内的稳定特性,建立一种荧光定量快速检测活细菌总数的方法,并在实际样品中应用校正。【方法】通过应用荧光染料对细菌进行染色,再进行荧光强度检测,同时以平板计数法作平行对照,建立荧光强度值-活菌数标准曲线。【结果】确定了染色细菌的最佳pH值为8.0。该检测方法仅需固定染色温度,染色时间在20-30min范围即可快速检测。建立了革兰氏阴性菌铜绿假单胞菌NY3、大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性菌芽孢杆菌、红平红球菌FF、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的细菌总数与相对荧光强度值标准曲线。当菌悬液OD600值在0.01-0.30范围内时,上述6种细菌与荧光信号强度呈良好的线性关系(R20.99)。【结论】当样品菌悬液浓度范围控制在105-109CFU/mL时,建立的荧光检测方法快速便捷,精密度、重复性、稳定性、回收率和准确度均较好,可应用于微生物实验、固体菌剂发酵、食品卫生与安全、环境检测等领域的活细菌总数现场快速检测。     

环介导等温扩增技术检测化妆品中铜绿假单胞菌的研究

本文建立了环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)快速检测化妆品中铜绿假单胞菌的方法。采用铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白oprI基因保守序列引物,评价检测铜绿假单胞菌灵敏度和特异性,并与普通PCR相比,检测人工污染样品中的铜绿假单胞菌。结果显示,LAMP检测铜绿假单胞菌的灵敏度为62. 5 pg/μL,而且特异性高,人工污染样品中的检出限为102cfu/m L,比PCR检测灵敏度高10倍。该方法具有灵敏度高、特异性好、操作简便、耗时短,可用于化妆品中铜绿假单胞菌的快速检测。     

BioLumix微生物荧光光电检测系统在化妆品中的应用评估

本研究将用于化妆品中Bio Lumix微生物荧光光电检测系统与《化妆品安全技术规范2015》微生物检测法进行了比较。结果显示两种方法结果基本一致,对于《化妆品安全技术规范2015》微生物检测法检测化妆品,出具可靠的检测报告需要5 d,而Bio Lumix系统快速检测化妆品细菌项目和霉菌、酵母项目可在16 h和35 h内分别发出预警,并可控制在48 h内完整地输出检测报告。Bio Lumix微生物荧光光电检测系统具有检测时间短、检测效率高、操作简单等优点。     

多重PCR快速检测化妆品中三种致病菌的研究

利用多重PCR技术建立快速检测化妆品中三种致病菌的方法。根据已报道的大肠杆菌phoA基因、铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白基因oprL和金黄色葡萄球菌特异性序列SmaI选择特异性引物,对人工染菌化妆品进行多重PCR检测。结果显示,三种致病菌的基因组DNA均可与各自引物特异性结合,扩增产物大小分别为622 bp、504 bp和426 bp。该方法用于人工污染的化妆品中,大肠杆菌的检出限浓度为103 CFU/mL,铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的检出限浓度为105 CFU/mL。作者建立的多重PCR方法可同时快速、特异地对化妆品中三种致病菌进行检测,在化妆品行业具有较大的应用价值。     

3M Petrifilm快速菌落总数测试片法与 食品中菌落总数检测国标方法（GB 4789.2‒2010）的比较

摘要：目的 比较3MTM PetrifilmTM快速菌落总数测试片（RAC）法与食品中菌落总数检测国标方法（GB 4789.2?2010）检测熟肉样品、人工污染熟肉样品中的菌落总数结果的一致性。方法 分别用两种方法对129份熟肉样品和166份人工污染熟肉样品进行菌落总数项目的检测,并对3MTM PetrifilmTM快速菌落测试片法与国标方法的实验结果进行配对资料t检验、线性回归分析以及对数值差值绝对值（|dlog|）汇总分析。结果 第一部分：两种方法检测熟肉样品、人工污染熟肉样品的菌落总数检测结果t=1.5704、P=0.1188,差异无统计学意义;相关系数R2值分别为0.897、0.964;|dlog|≤0.500所占百分比分别为97.7％、100.0％。第二部分：两种方法检测295份样品,t=1.1336,P=0.2586;相关系数R2=0.992;|dlog|≤0.500的结果百分率为99.0％。结论 在检测熟肉样品、人工污染熟肉样品时,3MTM PetrifilmTM快速菌落总数测试片法与国标方法检测结果的一致性较好。     

3M~(TM) Petrifilm~(TM)快速菌落总数测试片法与食品中菌落总数检测国标方法(GB 4789.2-2010)的比较

目的比较3M~(TM) Petrifilm~(TM)快速菌落总数测试片(RAC)法与食品中菌落总数检测国标方法(GB 4789.2-2010)检测熟肉样品、人工污染熟肉样品中的菌落总数结果的一致性。方法分别用两种方法对129份熟肉样品和166份人工污染熟肉样品进行菌落总数项目检测,并对3M~(TM) Petrifilm~(TM)快速菌落测试片法与国标方法的实验结果进行配对资料t检验、线性回归分析以及对数值差值绝对值(|dlog|)汇总分析。结果第一部分:两种方法检测熟肉样品、人工污染熟肉样品的菌落总数检测结果t=1.5704、P=0.1188,差异无统计学意义;相关系数R2值分别为0.897、0.964;|dlog|≤0.500所占百分比分别为97.7%、100.0%。第二部分:两种方法检测295份样品,t=1.1336,P=0.2586;相关系数R2=0.992;|dlog|≤0.500的结果百分率为99.0%。结论在检测熟肉样品、人工污染熟肉样品时,3M~(TM) Petrifilm~(TM)快速菌落总数测试片法与国标方法检测结果的一致性较好。     

基于ATP的微菌含量样品快速检测方法的研究

本实验分别采用ATP生物发光法和营养琼脂平板培养法对血透用水中微量细菌总数进行检测,针对ATP检测方法在微菌含量样品检测中的应用限制,设计并实现了新的集菌方式和进样方式。首先将被测样品中的微量细菌浓缩到集菌膜上,再原位使其充分裂解,然后取微量液体进行测试,这样解决了现有ATP生物发光监测仪微量进样测试要求的弊端。通过这种改进,成功实现了利用ATP发光法快速检测微量浓度菌液。利用该检测装置和测试方法,我们尝试了检测0-100CFU/mL的被测样品,并用平板培养法进行定标,实验结果表明:在2—100CFU/mL被测范围内,其线性度和灵敏度较好,相关系数达到0.99887。这就为微菌含量样品快检领域提供了新的可尝试的实验方法和机遇。     

应用酶联免疫竞争层析技术检测乳品中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留

目的:开发乳品中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留的快速检测系统.方法:应用酶联免疫竞争层析技术,开发了BioQuick快速检测系统.通过绘制检测曲线推算灵敏度,通过重复试验确定精确度,通过与非β-内酰胺类抗生素反应确定交叉反应率.结果:通过与国外同类型试剂的实验对比分析,该检测系统在使用方便性、检测灵敏度、精密度以及交叉反应数据方面具有优势,是一种操作简便、快速,灵敏度和精密度能够达到检测要求,符合国际标准,并优于国外同类型检测试剂.结论:该检测系统适用于我国各奶牛场、乳品企业以及食品安全监控机构.     

ATP bioluminescence rapid detection of total viable count in soy sauce

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence rapid determination method may be useful for enumerating the total viable count (TVC) in soy sauce, as it has been previously used in food and beverages for sanitation with good precision. However, many factors interfere with the correlation between total aerobic plate counts and ATP bioluminescence. This study investigated these interfering factors, including ingredients of soy sauce and bacteria at different physiological stages. Using the ATP bioluminescence method, TVC was obtained within 4 h, compared to 48 h required for the conventional aerobic plate count (APC) method. Our results also indicated a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.90) between total aerobic plate counts and ATP bioluminescence after filtration and resuscitation with special medium. The limit of quantification of the novel detection method is 100 CFU/mL; there is a good linear correlation between the bioluminescence intensity and TVC in soy sauce in the range 1 × 10²–3 × 10⁴ CFU/mL and even wider. The method employed a luminescence recorder (Tristar LB‐941) and 96‐well plates and could analyse 50–100 samples simultaneously at low cost. In this study, we evaluated and eliminated the interfering factors and made the ATP bioluminescence rapid method available for enumerating TVC in soy sauce. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Enumeration of bacterial cell numbers by amplified firefly bioluminescence without cultivation

We recently developed a novel bioluminescent enzymatic cycling assay for ATP and AMP with the concomitant use of firefly luciferase and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), where AMP and pyrophosphate produced from ATP by firefly luciferase were converted back into ATP by PPDK. Background luminescence derived from contaminating ATP and AMP in the reagent was reduced using adenosine phosphate deaminase which degrades ATP, ADP, and AMP, resulting in constant and highly amplified bioluminescence with low background luminescence. To detect bacterial cells without cultivation, we applied the above bioluminescent enzymatic cycling reagent to rapid microbe detection system. ATP spots (0.31-5.0 amol/spot) at the level of a single bacterial cell were detected with 5 min signal integration, signifying that integrated luminescence was amplified 43 times in comparison to traditional ATP bioluminescence. Consequently, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Lactobacillus brevis in beer were detected without cultivation. Significant correlation was observed between the number of signal spots obtained using this novel system and the colony-forming units observed with the conventional colony-counting method (R(2)=0.973).     

The enumeration of Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona by a bioluminescence ATP assay

A rapid method for enumerating viable Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona cells was investigated using a bacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay. The ATP was assayed by the luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence reaction. Samples of serovar pomona grown in liquid polysorbate 80-bovine albumin (P80-BA) medium for 1-3 days were analysed for ATP content, culture density (nephelometry), direct cell count and most probable number of viable cells (MPNVC) as determined by the dilution tube technique. A linear relationship was found between ATP content and the number of viable cells over the range of 4 X 10(8) to 8 X 10(9) leptospires/ml. Over this range the correlation coefficient for ATP content versus viable cells (0.96) was similar to the coefficient for culture density versus the number of viable cells. The coefficient for direct counts versus the number of viable cells was smaller. The bioluminescence assay of bacterial ATP is a promising method for enumerating viable leptospires in pure culture.     

基于ATP生物发光法的微生物数量快速检测技术的研究进展

微生物数量的快速检测一直是工业生产与食品行业需要解决的问题,腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)生物发光法具有操作简便、检测周期短等优点,可满足一般微生物检测的需求。然而,ATP生物发光法的准确性也受到不同因素的影响,如微生物的ATP检测限值较高、微生物自身及其他因素(如非微生物ATP、提取剂种类、荧光素酶活性等)均对微生物数量的检测产生影响。本文简述了不同微生物数量检测方法的优缺点,介绍了ATP生物发光法的发展历程及原理,综述了非微生物ATP与游离ATP、微生物量、ATP提取剂、荧光素酶等因素对ATP生物发光法灵敏度与稳定性的影响,归纳总结了ATP生物发光法及检测设备在食品、医疗、污水处理等领域的应用现状,并就ATP生物发光法体系的优化及ATP在线检测的应用等方面进行了展望,以期为ATP生物发光法的高效应用提供新的思路。     

An efficient method for quantitative determination of cellular ATP synthetic activity

The authors have developed an efficient method to measure cellular activity of ATP synthesis. Although ATP is a major energy source of biological reactions, it has been difficult to measure cellular ATP synthetic activity quantitatively. In this report, bioluminescence from the luciferin-luciferase reaction was used for the quantitative measurement. Under the used condition, bioluminescence from standard ATP solution showed no attenuation within several minutes, and the intensity corresponded proportionally to ATP concentrations of the standards. To measure dynamic cellular ATP synthetic activity, combination of osmotic shock and detergent treatment was used to make Escherichia coli cells permeable. ATP was discharged from permeable cells and reacted with externally added luciferase. Because permeable cells used glucose to synthesize and accumulate ATP without further growth, intensity of bioluminescence was increasing during the cellular consumption of glucose. Cellular ATP biosynthetic activity was calculated form the slope of linearly increasing bioluminescence. This permeable cell assay could be applied to high-throughput measuring for dynamic cellular activity of glycolytic ATP synthesis.     

Bioluminescence assay for estimating the hydrophobic properties of bacteria as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography.

The luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence method was used to estimate the number of bacteria retained in neutral and amphiphilic gels and those in the eluate to determine the hydrophobic surface properties of bacteria by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Good correlations were found between viable counts and ATP content for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fragi, and Listeria monocytogenes. ATP determination was more rapid than viable counts for characterizing the relative hydrophobicity of L. monocytogenes. Quantitative estimations of adsorption of L. monocytogenes on octyl-Sepharose indicate that this microorganism is hydrophilic.     

Bioluminescence assay for estimating the hydrophobic properties of bacteria as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography

The luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence method was used to estimate the number of bacteria retained in neutral and amphiphilic gels and those in the eluate to determine the hydrophobic surface properties of bacteria by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Good correlations were found between viable counts and ATP content for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fragi, and Listeria monocytogenes. ATP determination was more rapid than viable counts for characterizing the relative hydrophobicity of L. monocytogenes. Quantitative estimations of adsorption of L. monocytogenes on octyl-Sepharose indicate that this microorganism is hydrophilic.     

Intracellular adenosine triphosphate as a measure of human tumor cell viability and drug modulated growth

Summary Adenosine triphosphate is the primary energy unit for cells, and levels of this compound offer a potential marker for cell viability and growth. The availability of a bioluminescence assay allows for a rapid, sensitive, and reproducible measurement of ATP. A method is described for the quantification of intracellular ATP levels in human cancer cells. ATP levels were linearly related to the number of viable cells and increased with time in human cancer cell line cultures correlating with growth kinetics. The effect of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, nitrogen mustard, melphalan, vinblastine, and cisplatin on the growth of human cancer cell lines was studied utilizing ATP levels. ATP levels and colony formation in agar of drug-exposed cells were compared. Overall there was a significant correlation between drug effects on colony formation and ATP levels. The ATP assay is rapid, simple, reproducible, and a relatively inexpensive method of quantifying drug effects on malignant cells. This makes it a potentially useful method for screening new anticancer drugs in human cancer cell lines.     

An ATP Bioluminescence Assay Applicable to Rapid Fluconazole Susceptibility Testing of Dermatophytes

An ATP bioluminescence assay as a rapid reference method for fluconazole (FLCZ) susceptibility testing of dermatophytes, as well as yeasts, was developed and evaluated by comparing it with viability, turbidity and fungal protein content-based conventional methods. FLCZ susceptibility results obtained with strains of Candida albicans and dermatophytes by the bioluminescence method in high-resolution medium were well correlated with those obtained by conventional methods currently used in clinical microbiology laboratories or reported previously, including a broth dilution method by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Thus, ATP bioluminescence assay can be used to monitor fungal growth in liquid culture media. The procedure has considerable potential for the rapid testing of FLCZ susceptibility of dermatophytes and other fungi.     

Fast Monitoring of Indoor Bioaerosol Concentrations with ATP Bioluminescence Assay Using an Electrostatic Rod-Type Sampler

A culture-based colony counting method is the most widely used analytical technique for monitoring bioaerosols in both indoor and outdoor environments. However, this method requires several days for colony formation. In this study, our goal was fast monitoring (Sampling: 3 min, Detection: < 1 min) of indoor bioaerosol concentrations with ATP bioluminescence assay using a bioaerosol sampler. For this purpose, a novel hand-held electrostatic rod-type sampler (110 mm wide, 115 mm long, and 200 mm tall) was developed and used with a commercial luminometer, which employs the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method. The sampler consisted of a wire-rod type charger and a cylindrical collector, and was operated with an applied voltage of 4.5 kV and a sampling flow rate of 150.7 lpm. Its performance was tested using Staphylococcus epidermidis which was aerosolized with an atomizer. Bioaerosol concentrations were measured using ATP bioluminescence method with our sampler and compared with the culture-based method using Andersen cascade impactor under controlled laboratory conditions. Indoor bioaerosol concentrations were also measured using both methods in various indoor environments. A linear correlation was obtained between both methods in lab-tests and field-tests. Our proposed sampler with ATP bioluminescence method may be effective for fast monitoring of indoor bioaerosol concentrations.