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1.
Takashi Yaguchi Tetsuhiro Matsuzawa Reiko Tanaka Paride Abliz Yan Hui Yoshikazu Horie 《Mycoscience》2010,51(4):253-262
Two new species, Neosartorya shendaweii and N. tsunodae, isolated from soil in Xinjing, China and in Pernambuco, Brazil, are described and illustrated. The first species is characterized
by its ascospores with two widely separated equatorial crests and tuberculate to verrucose convex surfaces. This species has
affinities with several known species of the genus, bearing ascospores with a similar ornamentation, but can be distinguished
from these species by other morphological characteristics such as smaller cleistothecia and conidiophores, spathulate vesicles
and rather ellipsoidal conidia. The second species is characterized by its unique ascospores with two low equatorial crests,
an evident furrow as a deep depression, and finely reticulate convex surfaces. The validation of these new species is supported
further by analyses of the β-tubulin, calmodulin and actin gene sequences. 相似文献
2.
L. Rodrigues de Miranda 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》1979,45(3):479-483
In Candida lusitaniae van Uden et do Carmo-Sousa (1959), strains of opposite sex have been found. Cells of the opposite mating types conjugate and form asci with one to four clavate spores. These are easily liberated from the ascus. The type strain of Candida obtusa (Dietrichson) van Uden et do Carmo-Sousa ex van Uden et Buckley (1970) also produces ascospores after mating with one of the strains of Candida lusitaniae. As clavate ascospores are unknow in yeasts, a new genus, Clavispora, is proposed with Clavispora lusitaniae spec. nov. as type species. 相似文献
3.
Four new species belonging to Bionectria, Calonectria, Haematonectria and Neonectria on plant substrates collected from nature reserves in southern and central China are described. Bionectria truncata has smooth perithecia of a flattened to shallow discoid apex, clavate asci with an apical ring, and ellipsoid, smooth to
spinulose ascospores. Calonectria dicephalospora is characterized by pyriform perithecia with a warted surface, clavate asci with a simple apex and long, narrow stalk, and
fusoid ascospores with a cap-like appendage at each end. Haematonectria lushanensis possesses warted perithecia which are laterally collapsing when dry, cylindrical asci with a simple apex, and ellipsoid,
spinulose ascospores. Neonectria dinghushanica is distinguishable by subglobose perithecia with a warted surface, clavate asci, and striate ascospores. Morphological features
of these new species are described comprehensively and compared with their related fungi. Neonectria castaneicola is recorded as new to China. 相似文献
4.
The ultrastructure ofCucullosporella mangrovei ascospores is described. Mature ascospores possess two wall layers, an outer electron-dense episporium and an innermost tripartite
mesosporium. Episporial elaborations form electrondense spore wall ornamentations from which extend fibrils that may constitute
a highly hydrated exosporium which was not visualised at either the scanning electron microscope or light microscope level.
Ascospores possess a hamate appendage at each pole which unfolds in seawater to form a long thread. Ultrastructurally the
polar appendage comprises folded fibro-granular electron-dense material and fine fibrils. The fibrils form a matrix around
and within the fibro-granular appendage and around the entire unreleased ascospore. These fibrils have not been observed associated
with the ascospore appendages in other species of the Halosphaeriales and are a discrete and new appendage component. The
fibro-granular appendage and fibrils are bounded by the outer delimiting membrane which is absent around released ascospores.
The nature of the spore appendage is compared with that of other marine and freshwater ascomycetes and the taxonomic assignment
of the species is discussed. 相似文献
5.
Summary Ascospore formation has been observed in three species of the genusBrettanomyces, viz. Brett. bruxellensis. Brett, intermedius andBrett. schanderlii. On media of adequate vitamin content these species form 1–4 hat-shaped ascospores. The spores are liberated rather soon
after maturation. Heat treatment of ascogenous cultures indicated that these species are homothallic.
In view of the fact that ascospore formation has been observed in the type species,Brett. bruxellensis, the transfer of the genus to theEndomycetaceae should be considered.
Part I, II and III: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 24, 239, 1958;25, 145, 1959;25, 449, 1959. 相似文献
6.
Species delimitation in the genus Geopora (Pyronemataceae) is complicated because of small number of differentiating characters, values of which tend to overlap among
the species. Current classification relies mainly on size and shape of ascospores and fruit-bodies, position of the apothecia
in the ground and length of excipular hairs. We measured ascospores in ca. 90 Geopora specimens. Sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene were obtained to investigate phylogenetic relationships
in the genus. Maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analyses reveal that the well-supported clades detected often do not correspond
to the species concepts based on morphological characters. Nine out of the ten lineages include specimens which were initially
identified as belonging to different species. The dimensions of ascospores vary to great extent within the lineages. The size
and shape of fruit-bodies, length of excipular hair and hymenium colour are mostly homogenous within each clade; however,
these characters coincide to a great extent among the lineages and the latter can be assessed only from fresh fruit-bodies.
Nuclear DNA content, and accordingly, ploidy level do not provide evidence for species distinction. Geopora arenicola, G. tenuis and G. sepulta were recognized as monophyletic species. Geopora foliacea and G. cervina could not be explicitly delimited and the G. cervina complex comprising three clades was introduced. 相似文献
7.
Smith DP Kock JL van Wyk PW Pohl CH van Heerden E Botes PJ Nigam S 《Antonie van Leeuwenhoek》2003,83(4):317-325
Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to assess members of the yeast genus Dipodascus for the presence of 3-hydroxy oxylipins. Fluorescence was associated with the aggregating ascospores in all species tested,
thus suggesting the association of 3-hydroxy oxylipins with these cells, especially the surrounding slime sheaths. An ultrastructural
study of the ascospores revealed sheaths with indentations, probably caused by the close packing of the ascospores to form
clusters. In addition, an increase in the neutral and glycolipid fractions as well as a decrease in the phospholipid fraction
during ascosporogenesis in D. ambrosiae was found.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Epichloë spp. are endophytes of grasses, and form epiphytic external stromata on flowering tillers. E. typhina was first noticed infecting Dactylis glomerata (= orchardgrass, cocksfoot) stands in the Willamette Valley in 1996, and soon became the primary factor limiting the longevity of seed production fields. Several species of slugs are present in these fields, and we investigated their role in E. typhina biology. Pre‐dawn surveys of D. glomerata fields in 2009 and 2010 found Prophysaon andersoni and Arion subfuscus slugs feeding on the fungal stromata. When unfertilised and fertilised immature stromata predominated, approximately 80% of the individuals of these two species that were seen on plants were found on the stromata. As the majority of stromata reached maturity the presence of these species on stromata declined to between 20–40%. The common agricultural slug pest, Deroceras reticulatum, was on stromata only 20% of the time early in the season, and declined to <5% at stromata maturity. Observations of frass from slugs determined that the most common constituent was the food sources upon which the slug species was usually found during these surveys. Typically 100% of the frass from P. andersoni and A. subfuscus contained stroma material, compared to 25% for D. reticulatum. Spermatia, and ascospores later in the season, were commonly seen in the frass of slugs that consumed stromata. Some slugs that had no stroma material in their frass appeared to have consumed spermatia and ascospores from the leaf surface. A multiple‐choice laboratory test confirmed the different proportional preferences of P. andersoni and D. reticulatum for stroma (0.72 vs 0.20) and leaf (0.07 vs 0.38), respectively. Two laboratory multiple‐choice tests, and a field survey, found that P. andersoni preferred unfertilised and immature stroma over mature stroma. D. reticulatum is the most common and abundant slug in Willamette Valley grass seed fields, yet it is the least likely to move spermatia between unfertilised stromata, or ascospores to uninfected plants. P. andersoni and A. subfuscus are mycophagous, frequently transport viable spermatia and ascospores in their frass; yet they are generally confined to field edges. Data and observations suggest the role of slugs in the epidemiology of E. typhina is small compared to other factors. 相似文献
9.
Morphology, development and nuclear behavior of the ascogenous stroma and asci in the infection spots have been described inTaphrina maculans
Butler. The fungus forms subcuticular and intercellular mycelium in the leaf tissues and the ascogenous layers originate through division of the subcuticular hyphal cells in the infection sites. Germination of ascogenous cells starts with their elongation in the uppermost layer forming asci and ascospores without formation of stalk cells. Meiosis of the fusion (diploid) nucleus occurs in the young ascus as in otherTaphrina species devoid of stalk cells. The haploid chromosome complement in this species consists of 3 chromosomes (n=3). All the cells in the stromatic layer are potential ascogenous cells and ascus formation continues, until all of them are exhausted in the infection spot. Eight ascospores are normally formed in each ascus, but multi-plication of ascospores may occurin situ later. Three morphologically distinct types of ascus opening are encountered, which are apparently not correlated with prevalent environment. Multiplication of ascospores after their discharge from mature asci occurs by budding proceded by a mitotic division of the spore nucleus. Blastospores (budded cells) germinate into short hyphae and binucleate condition of cells originates by mitotic division of the nucleus. Occurrence of giant cells containing 2 nuclei is often observed. Possible origin of Uredinales fromTaphrina-like ancestors has been indicated due to their close resemblance. 相似文献
10.
Three species of Ophiostoma possessing Pesotum anamorphs isolated from bark beetles and their galleries infesting Abies species in Nikko, Japan, are described as new species. Ophiostoma nikkoense is characterized by brush-shaped synnemata producing long septate clavate conidia, perithecia with neck, and allantoid ascospores. Ophiostoma microcarpum has smaller perithecia with hyphoid ostiolar hyphae on the neck, and the ascospores are cylindrical or ossiform in side and face views. Ophiostoma abieticola has perithecia without ostiolar hyphae on the neck and produces orange-section-shaped or reniform ascospores.Contribution no. 187, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba 相似文献
11.
Yoshikazu Horie Paride Abliz Kazutaka Fukushima Kaoru Okada Norma B. Gusmão 《Mycoscience》2001,42(1):91-95
Among the isolates from soil of grassland in Roraima State, Brazil, a new species ofNeosartorya, N. takakii is described and illustrated.Neosartorya takakii differs from the other known species of the genus in having lenticular ascospores with two distinct equatorial crests and
with roughly circularly arranged projections on the convex walls. A comparative SEM view of ascospores from six relatedNeosartorya species is also provided. 相似文献
12.
In the course of a study on yeast diversity in Japan and Thailand, we isolated two yeast strains with bipolar budding patterns.
Physiological and phylogenetic analysis suggested that these two strains were identical to Hanseniaspora
pseudoguilliermondii. However, these strains produced hat-shaped ascospores and endospores, the latter of which was an unknown characteristic
of the species. Endospores were produced on yeast extract–malt extract (YM) plates, though ascospores were produced on cornmeal
agar of H.
pseudoguilliermondii cultures. Endospores were formed in a twin-cell structure composed of a mother cell and a daughter cell, which did not separate
after budding. Unlike the cell wall of the endospores, that of ascospore was stained with a chitin-specific stain. This was
a feature distinguishing endospores and ascospores. Cell morphology of H.
pseudoguilliermondii was compared with other species of the genus by observing their type strains. Other Hanseniaspora species did not show endospore formation under the same condition in which H. pseudoguilliermondii did. Therefore, the formation of endospores was considered to be a species-delimiting character of H. pseudoguilliermondii. 相似文献
13.
Yasuo Suto 《Mycoscience》2009,50(5):357-368
Three species belonging to the genus Rhytisma causing tar spot were collected on leaves in evergreen trees of Ilex species from Japan. Rhytisma ilicis-latifoliae, the known species, is found on Ilex latifolia, and R. ilicis-integrae sp. nov. and R. ilicis-pedunculosae sp. nov. are found on I. integra and I. pedunculosa, respectively. Ascomata are formed on the abaxial part of the stromata in all the Rhytisma species studied, and spermogonia are formed on the amphigenous parts in R. ilicis-latifoliae and on the adaxial part in R. ilicis-integrae and R. ilicis-pedunculosae. Shape and size of asci, ascospores, and spermatia are distinctly different among the three species. The morphology of germination
tubes from ascospores and appressoria is unique for each Rhytisma species. Yellowish spots arise on the newly developing leaves in mid-May, then abundant spermatia are produced in spermogonia
in the three Rhytisma species. In the next year, ascospores are produced in ascomata from early April to late May in R. ilicis-integrae and from early April to early June in R. ilicis-latifoliae and R. ilicis-pedunculosae, and they are considered to be the inocula of disease infection. 相似文献
14.
Two new ascomycetes,Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov. andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov., are described from petioles ofNypa fruticans in Malaysia.Linocarpon angustatum differs from species in the genus in having needle-shaped ascospores.Neolinocarpon nypicola differs from species in the genus in having filiform ascospores which gradually taper towards the ends, and ascomata developing
within well developed stromata. These new species are compared with existing species and illustrated with interference light
micrographs. The fungi known from aerial parts ofNypa fruticans are listed. 相似文献
15.
A new species ofNeosartorya, N. sublevispora (anam.Aspergillus sublevisporus), is described and photographed. The species is characterized by non-ostiolate ascomata covered loosely with a pale yellowish
hyphal envelope, lenticular ascospores with two low equatorial crests, and subglobose to ellipsoidal, microtuberculate conidia.
The ornamentation of ascospores, which is composed of two closely appreassed crests and small even-sized echines on their
convex surfaces, particularly serves to distinguish this species from other recognized species. A revised key to all accepted
species of the genus is provided. 相似文献
16.
A new genus, Katumotoa, is established for a single species, K. bambusicola, collected from culms of Sasa kurilensis. Morphological differences between Katumotoa and some related genera are noted. Katumotoa is characterized by perithecioid ascomata, thin ascomal wall composed of small pseudoparenchymatous cells, cellular pseudoparaphyses,
fissitunicate asci, and apiosporous fusiform ascospores with bipolar mucilaginous sheath. From these features, it is considered
that the genus belongs to Phaeosphaeriaceae in Pleosporales. 相似文献
17.
The development of the cephalothecoid peridium of Aporothielavia leptoderma was examined using light and electron microscopy. Early stages in ascoma initiation were consistent with previous reports for other species in the Chaetomiaceae. However, as young cleistothecia increased in size, clusters of peridial cells in the outer textura angularis elongated in a radial pattern around a central cell or cell cluster to form rosettes of relatively thick-walled segments that marked the central areas of incipient cephalothecoid plates. The external flank along median portions of the radial cells became thin walled and swelled outwards so that each plate became concave and was separated from adjacent plates by a more or less circular to polygonal ridge of knuckle-shaped swellings. When dry, mature peridia split apart along some of the ridges demarcating individual plates but an internal mechanism for liberating ascospores from the confines of the ascoma was not observed. Physical disturbance of mature cleistothecia by beetles, when enclosed together in a Petri dish, shattered the peridia, liberating the ascospores. Smaller insects were unable to cause disarticulation of the cephalothecoid plates. Because of the presence of an apical germ pore in the ascospores and morphological similarity to Chaetomidium arxii, the new combination Chaetomidium leptoderma (syn. Thielavia leptoderma) comb. nov. is proposed. 相似文献
18.
Lekh R. Batra 《American journal of botany》1968,55(10):1205-1209
Phaeodiscus, a new genus of Sclerotiniaceae, is described with P. rhamnicola Batra as the single species. It is characterized by an ectal excipulum of subhyaline textura prismatica and textura porrecta; dichotomously branched, golden brown, aculeate paraphyses; and golden brown, narrowly ellipsoid, usually biguttulate ascospores. The two guttules fuse at maturity to form a single central guttule. The apothecia arise from pseudosclerotia consisting of numerous interconnected sclerotules. A number of other Sclerotiniaceae related to the new fungus are compared with it. 相似文献
19.
Marc Stadler Manuela Baumgartner Klaus Ide Andreas Popp Hartmund Wollweber 《Mycological Progress》2002,1(1):31-42
Representative specimens of fifteen Daldinia spp. were studied for ultrastructural characteristics of their ascospores by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ornamentation
of their outermost spore layers was found to be species-consistent, confirming the results of concurrent studies on the morphology
of their teleomorphs and anamorphs, secondary metabolite profiles and PCR-based genetic fingerprints. Daldinia spp. may either show smooth or transversally striated ascospores. The spores of the species within the latter group are always
ellipsoid-equilateral to ellipsoid-inequilateral with narrowly rounded ends. Smooth, broadly ellipsoid to cylindrical ascospores
were observed in all species (D. caldariorum, D. fissa and D. loculata) that are known to produce their stromata on substrates damaged by fire. The ascospores of D. concentrica differed from those of D. childiae (i.e., the cosmopolitan taxon previously regarded as D. concentrica ss. auct.) and other Daldinia spp. in showing a very faint ornamentation, which only became visible at 10000× magnification by SEM. A specimen collected
on the isle of Jersey (Channel Islands, UK) showed morphological similarities to the pantropical D. eschscholzii, but its ascospores appeared smooth by SEM, and it may therefore represent a previously undescribed species.
Dedicated to Professor Yoshinori Asakawa, Tokushima, Japan, on the occasion of his 60th birthday
PH-R Life Science Center Natural Products 相似文献
20.
Hypocrea phyllostachydis was collected from the bamboo species Phyllostachys bambusoides in southwestern France (Dept. Pyréneés Atlantiques). It can be distinguished from other morphologically similar species by
the small subglobose or broadly ellipsoidal conidia and small ascospores. Conidiophores of the Trichoderma state of H. phyllostachydis do not branch in a pyramidal fashion, as is typical of most species of Trichoderma. Rather, it has an irregular branching pattern, with a long central axis and relatively short lateral secondary branches.
A key to species of Hypocrea with green ascospores from France is presented. 相似文献