SOLUBILITY OF POLLEN EXINES

The sporopollenin of pollen exines of Ambrosia trifida is soluble in fused potassium hydroxide, in strong oxidizing solutions, and in certain organic bases. It is insoluble in other organic and inorganic acids and bases, in lipid solvents, and in detergents. The outer exine layer of gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen dissolves in 2-aminoethanol. The inner exine layer, as well as the exine of pteridophyte spores, is insoluble. The exine dissolution process in 2-aminoethanol involves swelling and disintegration of exine structures, leaving some residual globules. Sporopollenin shares some solubility properties with lignin and cutin but appears to be chemically distinct from these substances.     

从水稻花粉管分离精细胞(简报)

精细胞的分离是植物生殖工程的一个重要组成部分,是目前被子植物有性生殖研究的一个活跃领域[1,2]。随着精细胞分离技术的完善和分离出精细胞的植物类型的增加,目前对精细胞的分子生物学研究已有一些进展,主要是精细胞特异蛋白的分离[3,4]和cDNA文库的构建以及一些精细胞特异基因的分离[5,6]。     

A NEW LYGINOPTERID POLLEN ORGAN WITH ALVEOLATE POLLEN EXINES

A new lyginopterid pollen organ is described based upon specimens occurring in a single coal ball from the Providence, Kentucky locality. Seven to nine beaked sporangia are fused together at their proximal ends forming a common synangial chamber; synangia are joined together in clusters of two or three. In situ prepollen is similar to Cyclogranisporites and Verrucosisporites sporae dispersae. The thick exine has a lamellate nexine and a prominent alveolate sexine.     

花粉生殖细胞的大量分离与纯化

被子植物的花粉生殖细胞是精子的前体,在生殖过程中占有重要地位。由于它被营养细胞与花粉壁包围,一般只能以花粉粒为单位进行研究。1986年以来,我们用压片法分离出花粉生殖细胞,作了有关细胞生物学研究,同时指出分离的生殖细胞用于离体培养与遗传操作的意义。作者参考了 Russell 分离精子的一步“渗透压冲击法”,建立了适于大量分离与纯化生殖细胞的“二步渗透压冲击法”(以下简称“二步法”)。此外,还作     

三种植物花粉原生质体的大量分离与初步培养

利用花粉水合导致外壁破裂,使内壁得以酶解,分离出鸢尾（Iris tectorum Maxim),风雨花（Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl)和萱草（Hemerocallis fulva L.)三种植物成熟花粉的原生质体。初步分离出萱草四分体至成熟花粉（单核早期除外）各时期的原生质体,经过纯化处理,获得较纯净的有生活力的原生质体群体,萱草花粉原生质体的培养实现了细胞壁再生,管状及其它多种结构的形成以及生殖核的一、二次分裂。     

玉米生活精子的分离及扫描电镜观察(简报)

生殖细胞的分离和纯化是植物生殖生物学及生殖细胞工程的发展基础之一。70年代,Cass(1973)首次从大麦花粉管及花粉粒中分离精子;到80年代后期,分离精子已成为国际上实验生殖生物学中的热点。由于大量分离和纯化的技术进一步完善,已从一些植物的     

甘肃裸子植物区系地理分析

在对甘肃产裸子植物进行系统整理的基础上,探讨了甘肃裸子植物的区系特征和区系分区。甘肃裸子植物种类丰富,产５科１５属４５种。其特点是：松柏类发达;北温带分布型属和中国特有种占优势;富含第三纪残遗成分;区系乱分具明显交汇过渡性质。依据甘肃各区域生态地理因子分异特点和裸子植物地理分布规律,将甘肃裸子植物区系划分为５个自然的区系小区：走廊区、中部小区、甘南小区、陇南小区。     

烟草花粉管亚原生质体的分离和培养行为

应用酶法从烟草花粉管分离出大量亚原生质体。具核的和无核的亚原生质体之比约为1:1。这种亚原生质体在D_2培养基中培养后,不论有核的或是无核的都能生长管状结构和再生厚的壁。管状结构的生长有节律性,常呈结节状。随着管状结构的生长,细胞内含物逐渐流入生长中的管状结构内,有时会从薄的管状结构的顶端排出到培养液中。已生长管状结构的亚原生质体,具核的和无核的比例约为1:1.7,表明管状结构的生长和壁的再生与是否有核的存在无关。对酶液处理后花粉管亚原生质体从花粉管的释放和从单独的花粉管亚原生质体生长管状结构的过程,进行了活体连续观察和照相记录。实验结果说明,结节状的管状结构确实是从单独的一个亚原生质体形成的。管状结构的生长和壁的再生似乎与细胞质进入新生的管状结构有关。讨论了花粉管亚原生质体在植物遗传操作中应用的可能性。     

中国兰花蕉科植物花粉形态

使用扫描电镜及光学显微镜观察了国产兰花蕉科2种植物（兰花蕉及长萼兰花蕉）的花粉形态。它们的花粉粒呈豆形、两侧对称、异极、无萌发孔,中间部分的表面具稠密的条状雕纹,两端的为皱波状雕纹。两种花粉的雕纹有些区别。兰花蕉科花粉形态特征特别,不同于姜国其他7科的花粉,属特殊的花粉类型。     

ISOLATION OF NUCLEI FROM YEAST

A method for isolation of nuclei from Saccharomyces cervisiae in high yield is described. The DNA/protein ratio of the isolated nuclei is 10 times higher than that of whole cells. Examination of these nuclei in phase and electron microscopes has shown them to be round bodies having a double membrane, microtubules, and a dark crescent at one end. The optimum conditions for extraction and resolution of histones of these nuclei on acrylamide gels have been investigated. The nuclei have an active RNA polymerase (E.C. 2.7.7.6) and are able to synthesize RNA in vitro. They are also readily stainable with Giemsa's, Feulgen's, and acridine orange methods.     

芸苔属脱外壁花粉的分离与人工萌发

芸苔属青菜（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）与紫菜苔（Ｂ． ｃａｍ ｐｅｓｔｒｉｓｖａｒ． ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ）的花粉经低温水合、热激、渗激三步程序,分离出大量具萌发能力的脱外壁花粉,脱外壁率可高达６０％ 以上。在含有碳源与氮源及Ｒｏｂｅｒｔｓ培养基盐成分的碱性ＰＥＧ 培养基中,首次使芸苔属脱外壁花粉萌发,萌发率可达３３％ ～４１％ 。在扫描电镜下观察了花粉脱外壁与萌发的过程。讨论了不同植物花粉脱外壁的方法与花粉壁生物学特点的对应关系,以及外壁对花粉萌发的可能作用     

蛙精子中心体的分离

中心体是动物和低等植物中构成有丝分裂器的重要结构和功能元件,是间期细胞质微管和分裂期纺锤体微管的组织中心。本文报道一种从蛙精子中分离中心体的简便方法:通过匀浆将精子尾部与头部脱离,用蔗糖离心去除脱落的尾部和杂质颗粒,从而得到纯化的精子头部。用含EGTA的低渗液使精核膨大,再以超声破碎,离心得到中心体的粗制品,以重复超声和离心去除染色质和中心体外围的线粒体,得到纯度较高的精子中心体。电镜观察和免疫荧光染色显示分离所得的中心体由一对中心粒和其外周物质组成。     

中国南五味子属植物花粉形态的研究

本文用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了国产南五味子属2个组7种花粉,记述了它们的形态,讨论了该属花粉形态的特征。该属花粉异极六沟,是属的鉴别上的一个重要特征,其中三条沟常在一极汇合成三合沟,本文报道亦有四合沟的现象,认为具合沟的一极是远极。南五味子属Kadsura Kaempf.ex Juss.集中分布于东亚至东南亚,约有24种,我国种类最为丰富,已知有13种,大都为药用经济植物。本属植物的花粉形态在国内尚未见有报道,本文试图通过对本属广布种和我国一些特有种的花粉形态的观察,探讨这个属花粉形态的特征,并与其他有关类群的花粉比较,给植物分类提供依据,为解决某些争议性问题提供资料,同时提出作者的观点。     

ISOLATION OF RIBOSOMES FROM CYSTS OF ENTAMOEBA INVADENS

A reproducible method for the preparation of 75S ribosomes from cysts of Entamoeba invadens is presented. The method depends on the inactivation of the cyst's ribonuclease by high levels of Bentonite. The ribosomes are found to be extremely sensitive to ribonuclease, and to be stabilized by the addition of manganous and calcium ions to the magnesium customarily employed. Reasons are given for equating these ribosomes with the particles of which the crystalline chromatoid bodies are made.     

合果木属和观光木属的花粉形态

合果木属合果木（Ｐａｒａｍｉｃｈｅｌｉａｂａｉｌｌｏｎｉｉ（Ｐｉｅｒｒｅ）Ｈｕ）和观光木属观光木（ＴｓｏｏｎｇｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｏｄｏｒｕｍＣｈｕｎ）的花粉,在光镜和扫描电镜下形态较相似。但在透射电镜下,两者差异较大：合果木花粉外壁的覆盖层、往状层和基层的分化不明显,柱状层小柱极少,虽有颗粒分化但数量不多;观光木花粉外壁三层的分化较明显,柱状层中已出现较多典型的颗粒和小柱。据此,合果木的花粉壁在木兰科中应属较原始的类型,而观光木的则属该科中较进化的类型。两者在花粉壁结构上的差异可为二属的分立提供花粉学上的证据。     

ISOLATION OF METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES FROM HELA CELLS

The authors have developed a method for large-scale isolation of metaphase chromosomes from HeLa cells. The distinguishing feature of this method is the use of a pH sufficiently low (about 3) to stabilize the chromosomes against mechanical damage. Many milligrams of fairly pure, morphologically intact chromosomes can be isolated in 8 hr or less of total working time. The isolated chromosomes contain about 2.0 mg of acid-soluble protein, 2.7 mg of acid-insoluble protein and 0.66 mg of RNA for each milligram of DNA. The RNA bound to the isolated chromosomes consists mainly of ribosomal RNA, but there is also a significant amount of 45S RNA.     

ISOLATION OF POSTSYNAPTIC DENSITIES FROM RAT BRAIN

Most synapses in the central nervous system exhibit a prominent electron-opaque specialization of the postsynaptic plasma membrane called the postsynaptic density (PSD). We have developed a procedure for the isolation of PSDs which is based on their buoyant density and their insolubility in N-lauroyl sarcosinate. Treatment of synaptic membranes with this detergent solubilizes most plasma membranes and detaches PSDs from the plasma membrane so that they can be purified on a density gradient. Isolated PSDs appear structurally intact and exhibit those properties which characterize them in tissue. The isolated PSDs are of the size, shape, and electron opacity of those seen in tissue; they stain with both ethanolic phosphotungstic acid and bismuth iodide-uranyl lead and the fraction contains cyclic 3',5'-phosphodiesterase activity. Quantitative electron microscope analysis of the PSD fraction gives an estimated purity of better than 85%. Inasmuch as the PSD is associated primarily with dendritic excitatory synapses, our PSD fraction represents the distinctive plasma membrane specialization of this specific synaptic type in isolation.