木质素和氮含量对植物残体分解的影响

 在25 ℃和水分含量为400 g·kg-1（以风干土计）条件下对19种植物残体进行培养实验,同时进行田间填埋试验,研究残体的木质素和N含量对其在土壤中分解的影响。相关分析表明,不同植物残体的分解速率与其初始全N含量呈正相关,与初始木质素含量、木质素与N含量之比呈负相关。逐步回归分析进一步表明,植物残体的C分解与全N及木质素含量的数学关系可表达成：Y=B0+B1N+B2L。式中,B0、B1和B2为回归系数,N和L分别表示植物残体的初始全N含量及木质素含量。Y可分别表示为植物残体C分解的一级动力学常数、培     

RELATIVE SALT TOLERANCE OF CAKILE EDENTULA (BRASSICACEAE) FROM LACUSTRINE AND MARINE BEACHES

Seeds of Cakile edentula ssp. edentula var. edentula (hereafter edentula) were collected from the Pacific Ocean shore of Washington, and Cakile edentula ssp. edentula var. lacustris (hereafter lacustris) seeds were collected from the Lake Huron shore of Ontario. Germination rates of the two varieties showed equal tolerance of substrate salinities ranging from 0–10,000 ppm. Early root growth of edentula seedlings was significantly stimulated by 1,000 ppm salts, but otherwise both varieties showed equal tolerance to 10,000 ppm. Edentula plants exposed for 4 wk to salt spray intensities of 0, 20, and 90 mg dm^–2 d^–1, applied in a growth chamber environment, showed no significant changes in shoot or root biomass, plant morphology, or reproductive effort. Lacustris plants exhibited significant declines in stem length and reproductive effort with increasing levels of salt spray. Our results suggest that lacustris and edentula have diverged physiologically over the past 9,000 years, and field observations from the literature corroborate our conclusion that this divergence in salt tolerance has ecological significance.     

THE PENETRATION OF DYES AS INFLUENCED BY HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION

When cells of Nitella are placed in buffer solutions at pH 9, there is a very slow and gradual increase in the pH of the sap from pH 5.6 to 6.4 (when death of the cells takes place). If the living cells are placed in 0.002 per cent dye solutions of brilliant cresyl blue at different pH values (from pH 6.6 to pH 9), it is found that the rate of penetration of the dye, and the final equilibrium attained, increases with increase in pH value, which can be attributed to an increase in the active protein (or other amphoteric electrolyte) in the cell which can combine with the dye.     

COLONY SIZE OF PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA (PRYMNESIOPHYCEAE) AS INFLUENCED BY ZOOPLANKTON GRAZERS1

The haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica G. Karst. is a dominant phytoplankton species in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, and exists as solitary cells and mucilaginous colonies that differ by several orders of magnitude in size. Recent studies with Phaeocystis globosa suggest that colony formation and enlargement are defense mechanisms against small grazers. To test if a similar grazer‐induced morphological response exists in P. antarctica, we conducted incubation experiments during the austral summer using natural P. antarctica and zooplankton assemblages. Dialysis bags that allowed exchange of dissolved chemicals were used to separate P. antarctica and zooplankton during incubations. Geometric mean colony size decreased by 35% in the control, but increased by 30% in the presence of grazers (even without physical contact) over the 15 d incubation. The estimated colonial‐to‐solitary cell carbon ratio was significantly higher in the grazing treatment. These results suggest that P. antarctica colonies would grow larger in the presence of indigenous zooplankton and skew the carbon partitioning significantly toward the colonial phase. While these observations show that the colony size of P. antarctica was affected by a chemical signal related to grazers, the detailed nature and ecological significance of this signal remain unknown.     

太白山南坡吸血虻类的垂直分布及区系分析

太白山南坡的吸血虻类有2亚科,5属、46种。分布于8个垂直带,以1000-1500m的松栎林带最多,600-1000m的常绿阔叶林和落叶林混交林带次之, 1500-2000m的杂木林带第三,600m以下,2000m以上较少。 其区系为古北界与东洋界过渡地带,以古北界为主,600-2000m为过渡中心,1000-1500m为两界分界地带。     

THE COURSE OF ROD DARK ADAPTATION AS INFLUENCED BY THE INTENSITY AND DURATION OF PRE-ADAPTATION TO LIGHT

An increase in the degree of light adaptation causes a decrease in the slope of the subsequent rod dark adaptation function and a displacement of the function to the right on the time axis. Over a wide range, these changes occur to the same extent whether the increase in the degree of light adaptation is produced by raising the intensity or by prolonging the exposure. Within these limits, the Bunsen-Roscoe reciprocity law applies to the intensity and duration of pre-exposure. Over a still wider range, dark adaptation has the same course following brief exposure to a bright light as it has following prolonged exposure to a dim light, provided the degree of light adaptation is the same in both instances (as indicated by identical initial dark adaptation thresholds).