MASTODONT REMAINS FROM THE MIOCENE OF JUNGGAR BASIN IN XINJIANG

<正> The mastodont materials described in the present paper, associated with Amblycastor tunggurensis, Amphicyon sp., Anchitherium cf. aurelianense, Brachypotherium sp., ?Chilotherium sp., Stephanocemas thomsoni, Dicrocerus grangeri, Eotragus sp., Oioceros grangeri and O. noverca, were collected from the Haramagai formation of Junggar Basin in Xinjiang by an IVPP field team in 1982. The geology of the area has already been reported by Tong (1986, 1987). The mastodont fossils found at 5 sites on the north and west banks of the Ulungur river, Junggar Basin are abundant. They comprise 5 species, among which is one new species.The author is greatly indebted to the IVPP field team (Tong, Y., the head of the 1982 Junggar field team) allocating the mastodont materials for me to study.     

A NEW SPECIES OF PICEA BASED ON SILICIFIED SEED CONES FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WASHINGTON

Picea eichhornii n. sp. is described from anatomically preserved seed cones. The fossils are from the Early Oligocene Jansen Creek Member of the Makah Fm. which is exposed along the northern shore of the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. The cones are at least 5.5 cm long and up to 3.5 cm in diameter. The cone axis is 4–6 mm in diameter and contains a pith made up of thick-walled parenchyma cells. Resin canals occur in a single ring in the secondary xylem in some specimens but are absent in others. The cortex is mostly parenchymatous and contains numerous large axial resin canals that branch to supply the bract and scale. Vascular traces to each scale and its subtending bract diverge separately from the vascular cylinder of the cone axis. The bract is tongue-shaped and keeled at its base. It is 5 mm wide and up to 9 mm long. The bract trace fades out before entering the bract base while two resin canals extend into the bract base. The ovuliferous scale is about 2.3 cm long and has a thin, probably papery, apex. Resin canals of the scale occur abaxial to the vascular tissue in the scale base, but some bend around the margins of the vascular strand to become adaxial outward. About 20 resin canals occur in the abaxial scale sclerenchyma, and this is the main anatomical feature that distinguishes these cones as a new species. There are less than 14 such canals in cones in a reference collection of 15 modern species and in the two fossil species known from anatomically preserved material. While the new species adds to our knowledge of the diversity of Cenozoic Picea, its affinities within the genus remain undetermined.     

PINUS WOLFEI,A NEW PETRIFIED CONE FROM THE EOCENE OF WASHINGTON

A silicified cone from the Late Eocene of Washington is described as a new fossil species of Pinus. The cone was probably 9–10 cm long and 3–5 cm at its widest diam in the living condition and is peculiar in having abundant resin canals in the secondary xylem of the axis arranged in three concentric rings near the cone base. The bract of the fossil is also unusual in having resin canals of distinctly unequal sizes and a vascular strand that is adaxially concave. In the absence of external features of the scale tips, these anatomical conditions along with the construction of the outer cortex of the axis of thick-walled cells suggest closest affinity of the new species with the subsections Contortae, Oocarpae, and Sylvestres of the section Pinus, subgenus Pinus.     

OSMUNDA WEHRII,A NEW SPECIES BASED ON PETRIFIED RHIZOMES FROM THE MIOCENE OF WASHINGTON

Silicified rhizomes from Miocene strata near Yakima, Washington represent a new species of Osmunda. The stems are 8–13 mm in diameter and are surrounded by a thick sheath of adherent leaf bases, each of which shows stipular expansions typical of the Osmundaceae. The new species has an ectophloic siphonostele in which the xylem cylinder is dissected by leaf gaps with 12–14 strands being visible in a given stem cross section. Such sections also show 12–16 leaf traces in the cortex. The xylem of each leaf trace diverges from the xylem cylinder of the stem as an adaxially concave strand with its protoxylem organized into a single medial adaxial cluster. Initial bifurcation of the leaf-trace protexylem occurs as the leaf trace passes through the outer cortex of the stem. In the basal part of the stipular region of the petiole base, thick-walled fibers form an arch on the abaxial side of the sclerenchyma ring around the petiolar bundle. This arch persists throughout most of the length of the stipular region, with the thick-walled fibers becoming reorganized into two lateral masses in the distal part of the stipular region. Similar thick-walled fibers form an elongate strip of tissue in each wing of the stipule along with several small clusters scattered near the sclerenchyma ring. The new species belongs to the subgenus Osmunda and shows that during the Neogene, the latter existed as a group of closely related species much as it does today. Furthermore, Osmunda wehrii combines features of the modern O. regalis, O. japonica, and O. lancea with those of O. claytoniana and thus supports the inclusion of the latter species in the subgenus Osmunda.     

PINUS BUCHANANII,A NEW SPECIES BASED ON A PETRIFIED CONE FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WASHINGTON

A silicified seed cone of Oligocene age from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington represents a new species of Pinus. The cone was about 8 cm long and 3 cm at its widest diameter in the living condition. Its scale apices are thickened and each has a dorsal umbo. Internal cone construction confirms the assignment of the new species to Pinus and suggests affinity with the subsections Australes and Ponderosae of the section Pinus, subgenus Pinus. The cone is peculiar in having a stout bract trace that is slightly concave on its adaxial side and in having resin canals that diverge from the axial secretory system toward the bract but constrict markedly and terminate before entering the bract.     

甘肃东乡晚中新世新发现的副板齿犀(奇蹄目、犀科)化石

副板齿犀 (Ｐａｒｅｌａｓｍｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ)是Ｋｉｌｌｇｕｓ( 1 92 3 )根据采自山西的标本建立的 ,属型种为山西副板齿犀 (Ｐ .ｓｃｈａｎｓｉｅｎｓｅ)。邱占祥和谢骏义 ( 1 998)记述了产自甘肃东乡汪集的简饰副板齿犀 (Ｐ .ｓｉｍｐｌｕｍ)化石 ,但其准确的层位不能肯定。最近在汪集西南约 1 1ｋｍ的那勒寺乡有确切层位的晚中新世地层中发现一些新材料 ,它们显然可以归入Ｐａｒｅｌａｓｍｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍ这个属 ,但与上述已知的两个种都不相同。临夏副板齿犀 (新种 )Ｐａｒｅｌａｓｍｏｔｈｅｒｉｕｍｌｉｎｘｉａｅｎｓｅｓｐ .ｎｏ…     

PINUS TRIPHYLLA AND PINUS QUINQUEFOLIA FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS OF MASSACHUSETTS

Dwarf shoots and needle leaves of Pinus triphylla Hollick and Jeffrey and P. quinquefolia Hollick and Jeffrey have been discovered recently in a Late Cretaceous age clay deposit on Martha's Vineyard Island, Massachusetts. Detailed study of these fossils provides further information on the internal construction of the two taxa. This new information permits both species to be compared easily with similar fossil forms from the Upper Cretaceous of Japan as well as with dwarf shoots and needles of modern species of Pinus. As a result, the relationships between Cretaceous pines and the extinct genus Prepinus are found to be less than previously believed. Moreover, the dwarf shoots and needles of Cretaceous members of the genus Pinus appear to be most like those of present-day species included in the subgenus Pinus.     

FOSSIL VERTEBRATES FROM THE MIOCENE OF NORTHERN KIANGSU

In this paper some vertebrate fossils collected from the Miocene at Puchen,Nan-king and at Hsiachaohwan,Shihung County,both in northern Kiangsu,are described;and the age of the localities as well as that of the “Hsiachaohwan fauna”are dis-cussed.1.The Puchen faunaThe fossils were found when siliceous sands were quarryed from a small hill at Pu-chen,a town in the Nanking district,some 8 kilometers on the northern bank of the     

陕西蓝田晚中新世食肉类

陕西省蓝田地区灞河组与蓝田组产出了大量的古哺乳动物化石。其中,晚中新世哺乳动物化石序列为认识该地区自然环境的变化提供了重要的依据。详细描述和研究了其中的食肉类化石。计有鬣狗科3种(Ictitherium viverrinum、Hyaenictitherium cf.H.wongii、Adcrocuta eximia)和猫科2种(cf.Metailurus major与cf.Metailurus parvulus)。在下部的灞河组与上部的蓝田组界线附近,食肉类动物群落组成发生了改变,但引起这种改变的原因仍有待进一步研究确定。     

FUCHSIA POLLEN FROM THE EARLY MIOCENE OF NEW ZEALAND

Fossil pollen of Diporites aspis Pocknall & Mildenhall, from the early Miocene of New Zealand, was examined by combined light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, in order to determine its relationship to extant Fuchsia pollen. Based on overall morphology, exine structure, exine surface sculpture, viscin thread morphology, and apertural features, the fossil pollen definitely can be considered to represent Fuchsia. Parallel studies of extant Fuchsia pollen indicate that a more precise identification of the fossils is not possible. With the examination of additional fossil material, it should be possible to learn a great deal about the timing of origin and migration of the genus Fuchsia, but not of its constituent parts.     

山东山旺中中新世鲤科化石

本文记述了山旺中中新世鲤科鱼类6属9种,其中5属6种为新发现;还记述了河南始新世一新属种;订正了Barbus linchiiensis, Barbus scotti, Pseudorasbora, macrocephala和Leuciscus miocenicus的系统位置。本文认为鲤类在中国最早出现于始新世,此后鱼类区系曾发生过较大的演替。前人订为现生属的始新世、中新世鲤类化石绝大部分应为已绝灭的化石属。     

A NEW SNAKE MACKEREL FROM THE MIOCENE OF ALGERIA

Abstract:  A new genus and species of gempylid is described from the Late Miocene (Messinian) diatomite deposits of the Chelif Basin, north-east Algeria. Although its skeleton is incomplete, Chelifichthys goujeti gen. et sp. nov. possesses a unique combination of features that justifies its recognition as a new genus. Chelifichthys goujeti is characterized by remarkably elongate and serrated dorsal-fin spines, the absence of external pelvic-fin elements, and sculptured frontals and opercular bones. Chelifichthys appears to be closely related to the living genera Nealotus , Prometichthys , Rexea and Rexichthys . Chelifichthys goujeti represents the third record of the family Gempylidae in the Neogene of the Mediterranean.     

安徽贵池晚古新世哺乳类

记述了在安徽省贵池县梅埂地区红层中发现的3种哺乳动物化石,其中包括钝脚目全棱齿兽科1新属新种——翟氏贵池脊齿兽（Guichilambdazhaiigen．etsp．nov.）。新属与古脊齿兽属较为相似,但在个体大、上颊齿横宽、上臼齿中附尖弱、下颌骨具前外凸缘、下臼齿三角座和跟座V形夹角小等方面又明显不同于该属任何已知种。文中还根据所发现化石的进化水平和组合性质,并与国内外有关层位对比,定地层时代为晚古新世。     

STEMS AND LEAVES OF CUNNINGHAMIOSTROBUS GOEDERTII FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WASHINGTON

This report is based on nine specimens of fossil conifer stems and leaves from the Early Oligocene Jansen Creek Member of the Makah Formation. They were collected along the northern shore of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. The fossils are preserved as siliceous permineralizations and were exposed in surface view along rock fractures. Details of leaf morphology and epidermal construction appear on fracture surfaces of certain specimens while the cellular construction of the leaves and twigs is visible in thin sections. Leaves are dorsiventrally flattened, attached to twigs that contain up to four growth increments of secondary xylem, up to 2.3 cm long, 3.5 mm wide, and have parallel margins with minute teeth. The leaves are about 0.5 mm thick and have a central vascular strand surrounded by transfusion tissue. A large resin canal occurs abaxial to the vascular strand, and generally two additional resin canals occur in the mesophyll near each leaf margin. Leaves are mostly hypostomatic, with sunken stomata in two longitudinal bands, one to each side of the midline of the leaf and each containing eight to 13 longitudinal rows of stomata. Several unusual anatomical features in the stems also occur in the peduncle and cone axis of seed cones described as Cunninghamiostrobus goedertii, which occurs at the same locality. Thus, the leafy twigs belong to the same species as produced the cones. The cones, leaves, and shoots of this Tertiary conifer are similar to those of modern Cunninghamia but differ from the living species in several respects.     

安徽嘉山晚古新世哺乳动物群

记述了在安徽省嘉山县土金山晚中新世地层中发现的 7种哺乳动物化石 ,其中包括两个新种———翟氏肉齿兽 ?(Sarcodon ?zhaiisp .nov.)和原始皖柱兽 (Wanostylopspromissussp .nov.)。这是目前为止有关嘉山土金山动物群最为全面的一次报道。动物群的性质表明含化石的土金山组的时代为晚古新世 ,很可能相当于格沙头期或稍早。     

MAMMALIAN REMAINS FROM THE PLIOCENE OF THE HANSHUI RIVER BASIN, SHAANXI

<正> A lot of mammalian remains from Yangjiawan village, the Hanshui River basin, Mianxian, Shaanxi, were collected by a field team of IVPP and the Geological Museum of Shaanxi Province in the autumn of 1984. Fossil mammals found in Yangjiawan Formation include 13 species (including three new species) belonging to 12 genera. This paper will give a preliminary study of the mammalian remains and observation of stratigraphic sections of several localities.     

陕西彬县晚中新世猪类化石

本文记述了陕西彬县发现的晚中新世哺乳动物群中的猪类化石,共两属两种.双齿尖河猪 (Dicoryphochoerus binxianensis),为—新种其性质较印度 Chinji 组的 D. chisholmi 进步,而比我国蓝田组的 D. medius 又略显得原始;弓颌猪 (Chleuastochoerus stehlini) 是我国特有的一个属种,是北方三趾马动物群中的成员.     

A NEW TAXODIACEOUS SEED CONE FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WASHINGTON

Cunninghamiostrobus goedertii is described as a new species based on permineralized seed cones from the Early Oligocene of Washington. The fossils come from the Makah Formation and were found on the northern shore of the Olympic Peninsula. The cone consists of numerous bract-scale complexes arranged helically around a central axis. Each bract-scale complex has a large bract bearing a small flap of tissue adaxially that represents the ovuliferous scale. Up to three seeds were produced on each complex. The vascular trace to the bract-scale complex diverges from the vascular cylinder of the cone axis as a concentric strand. This divides in the outer cortex of the axis to form a large collateral bract tract abaxially and a minute scale trace adaxially. The latter continues outward to supply the ovuliferous scale. The bract trace divides, forming many strands outward which occur in a row with transfusion tissue between them. Many resin canals also occur in the bract. The new cone combines features found in modern cones of Athrolaxis, Cunninghamia, and Taiwania but is most similar to Cunninghamiostrobus yubariensis from the Late Cretaceous of Japan.