元江干热河谷植物叶片解剖和养分含量特征

研究了元江干热河谷旱田植物(旱季可浇灌,水分较好)和山坡半萨王纳植被中(自然状况,水分较差)共20种的叶片形态解剖特征,以及7种山坡植物叶片养分含量特征.结果表明,山坡植物叶片比叶重大,气孔密度大,气孔长度小,海绵组织/栅栏组织的值小等.元江干热河谷山坡植物叶片养分含量低,1.3%＞Ca＞N＞K＞1%＞Mg＞P＞S.除氮元素外,其它元素种间差别1～3倍.与热带植物群落叶片养元素含量相比,热带雨林＞元江山坡植物＞东南亚沙地旱生林和巴西矮卡廷加群落,表明元江干热河谷植物叶片具有明显的旱生性形态解剖特征,且叶片养分含量也较低.     

CaCl2浸果对新疆枣裂果率及钙钾镁含量的影响

以新疆产不同抗裂性枣品种‘骏枣’、‘哈密大枣’、‘灰枣’、‘金铃圆枣’果实为试验材料,用不同浓度CaCl2(0、2.5、25g/L)分别浸泡12、36、60h,研究CaCl2对枣裂果率及果肉、果皮中Ca、K、Mg含量的影响。结果显示:(1)2.5、25g/L CaCl2均能有效降低枣裂果率,且25g/L CaCl2对各品种枣的防裂效果均优于2.5g/L CaCl2。(2)极抗裂品种枣的果皮、果肉中Ca显著高于极易裂品种,且各品种Ca含量均随CaCl2浓度增加而增加。(3)极抗裂品种枣的果皮、果肉中K含量高于极易裂品种,其Mg含量则表现出相反趋势,但不同浓度CaCl2处理的枣果肉、果皮中Mg、K升降幅度变化不同。(4)枣果肉、果皮中Ca、K含量与裂果率呈负相关关系,Mg含量与裂果率呈正相关关系。研究认为,CaCl2浸果能有效增加枣果肉、果皮中钙含量,影响各品种枣果实的钾镁含量,显著降低枣裂果率,并以25g/L CaCl2效果最好。     

西昌引种栽培油橄榄果中5种金属元素主成分及聚类分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法,对西昌的从6个不同国家引种栽培的15个油橄榄品种成熟果实(果肉和种子)中的Zn、Ca、Mn、Mg和Fe 5种重要金属元素进行了含量测定,并对测定结果进行了主成分分析和聚类分析,以确定引种油橄榄果实的特征金属元素并对该15个品种进行分类。结果表明:果肉及种子中5种金属元素的含量高低顺序均为CaMgFeZnMn,种子中Ca、Zn、Mn的含量均高于果肉,而果肉中Mg、Fe含量均高于种子;果肉中的Mn、Mg、Fe和种子中的Ca是西昌引种栽培油橄榄果实的特征金属元素;15个品种可聚为5类。这在一定程度上反映出油橄榄果实中的这5种金属元素的含量在不同品种之间存在着遗传差异,这种差异可作为油橄榄品种鉴定和分类的重要参考依据。     

元江元谋干热河谷土壤氮磷水平对酸角叶片氮磷含量及光合的影响

为了解元江及元谋干热河谷人工栽培酸角的土壤氮磷含量对酸角叶片氮磷含量及光合作用的影响,本研究测定了两个干热河谷区酸角人工林土壤、叶片氮磷含量及光合参数,并使用4种常用的光响应曲线拟合模型(直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型、二项式拟合模型)对其进行拟合。结果表明:元江、元谋干热河谷酸角人工林土壤氮磷含量及氮磷比存在显著差异,两地土壤氮含量分别为1.205和0.881 g·kg-1,磷含量分别为0.481和0.177 g·kg-1,氮磷比分别为2.61和5.49;两地酸角叶片氮含量存在显著差异,元江、元谋干热河谷酸角叶片的氮含量分别为17.28和13.51 g·kg-1,而叶片磷含量没有显著差异,分别为1.51和1.18 g·kg-1,叶片氮磷比也没有显著差异,分别为11.80和11.66; 4个光响应曲线拟合模型对两个干热河谷酸角的光响应曲线都有较高的拟合度,但直角双曲线修正模型在低光合有效辐射情况下拟合度最高,而二项式拟合模型在高光合有效辐射情况下拟合度最高,因此表观量子效率(α)、光补偿点(LCP)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)取直角双曲线修正模型的拟合数值,元江、元谋两地酸角的数值分别为0.055和0.060、38.921和8.019μmol·m-2·s-1、1.377和0.404μmol·m-2·s-1;最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、光饱和点(LSP)取二项式拟合模型的拟合数值,两地分别为11.073和6.331μmol CO2·m-2·s-1、3223.2和2532.4μmol·m-2·s-1;元江干热河谷的酸角光合作用显著高于元谋干热河谷,两地土壤磷含量和叶片磷含量是影响酸角光合作用的关键因子。     

叶面喷施磷、钾、钙对三月红荔枝果实品质和着色的影响

以三月红荔枝果实为试材,探讨叶面喷施0.2%KH₂PO₄(PK)、0.2%CaCl₂(Ca)溶液以及两者混合液(PK+Ca)对果实品质和着色的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施P、K、Ca能提高果实单果重。各处理(含对照)的果肉可溶性糖含量具有相似的变化趋势;在果实成熟时,PK处理的果肉可溶性糖含量显著高于对照,而PK+Ca及Ca处理则显著低于对照。各处理的酸含量变化动态为倒"N"形曲线;成熟时,PK+Ca和Ca处理极显著高于对照,PK处理显著高于对照。果肉糖酸比表现为PK处理和对照差异不显著,Ca和PK+Ca处理显著低于对照。所有处理(含对照)的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量总体趋势均下降,花色素苷含量总体趋势均上升,各处理(含对照)的果皮类胡萝卜素含量具有一致的动态变化趋势;果实成熟时对照的果皮叶绿素含量高于喷施处理或无显著差异,而花色素苷含量低于喷施处理,说明所有喷肥处理均有利于果皮着色。     

几种台湾水果在云南元谋干热河谷区的适应性研究

在云南元谋干热河谷区引种数种台湾水果(番木瓜、番石榴、阳桃、莲雾、火龙果)进行适应性栽培试验。结果表明,引进的台湾水果在植株长势、果实发育及品质等方面表现良好,适应性和抗逆性较强,适宜在金沙江干热河谷地区种植。     

刺梨果实膳食纤维积累动态及其对遮光的反应

刺梨果实是优质膳食纤维的良好来源。该研究以‘贵农5号’刺梨果实为材料,测定了果实发育过程中膳食纤维的含量、组分变化及其对光照的响应特征。结果表明:(1)在刺梨果实的整个发育过程中,总膳食纤维和不溶性膳食纤维含量在花后40 d之前的幼果期更高,并随着果实的快速发育持续下降,至成熟时分别约占果实干重的24%和16%,而可溶性膳食纤维含量在果实发育过程中变化平稳,一直维持在干重的8%左右。(2)果胶在花后20 d之前有一快速积累过程,至果实成熟时纤维素和半纤维素为膳食纤维主要组分,约占总膳食纤维的60%;花后60 d之前是刺梨果实膳食纤维积累的主要时期。(3)刺梨果实总膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维中单糖组分主要以半乳糖、葡萄糖为主,而可溶性膳食纤维中单糖组分主要为甘露糖,两类膳食纤维间表现出较大差异。(4)果实套袋遮光不同程度促进了刺梨果实总膳食纤维、可溶性膳食纤维、总果胶、原果胶的积累,尤其是100%遮光的效应更明显,但对果实中不溶性膳食纤维、纤维素、木质素、可溶性果胶的积累影响并不显著。     

元江干热河谷主要环境因子(气温和降水)变化规律及蕨类植物的分布响应

为了解蕨类植物多样性及种群分布对环境因子的响应,建立元江干热河谷不同海拔气温和降水的分布模式,对蕨类植物在元江干热河谷内的自然分布进行了研究。结果表明,元江干热河谷从低海拔到高海拔,气温逐渐下降,但降水量却逐渐增加;河谷内蕨类植物多样性及种群分布呈现差异化;干热河谷内蕨类分布受气温影响不大,但与生境水分条件密切相关。元江干热河谷水热条件分布不均,生态环境破碎,气温和降水分布不均,差异化显著,促进了小生境发育。蕨类植物可以指示生态环境的完整性和连续性,某些种群可以指示和监测环境因子尤其是水因子的变化。     

云南乳油木调研报告

乳油木(Vitellaria paradora Gaertne)为山榄科(Sapotaceae)木本植物,是非洲热带稀树草原的主要树种。为当地食用脂肪的主要来源。乳油果油脂作为化妆品、功能食品和药品的原料,有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍乳油木的植物分类、分布、形态特征、生长习性、油脂化学成分及其用途。简述云南省引种乳油木的历史,现存乳油木的生长状况。对国产乳油木的品质进行分析,提出发展的建议。     

牛油树种仁脂的甘油三酯组成

牛油树(Butyrospermum parikii Kotschy,山榄科)是一种木本油料植物。原产非洲,我国引入云南元江干热河谷地区栽培。 牛油树种仁脂为黄色固体脂。国外有资料报道它的脂肪酸成分和甘油三酯组成;我国引种的牛油树,报道过它的理化性质和脂肪酸成分和甘油三酯初步分析。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.