基因表达系列分析(SAGE)的研究进展

基因表达系列分析方法（SAGE）是一种新的基因表达分析方法,它可同时分析数千种转录子的表达情况.SAGE不仅可以定量分析已知基因,还可分析未知的基因表达情况.SAGE为从分子水平阐明疾病的发病机制找到有效的治疗靶位和诊断标志创造了条件.     

HLA-G在肿瘤组织中表达情况研究进展

人类白细胞抗原G(human leukocyte antigen,HLA-G)属于非经典HLA-I类分子,在多种肿瘤细胞上均有表达。从结构上可以将HLA-G分为7种亚型:膜结合型HLA-G1-HLA-G4和可溶型HLA-G5-HLA-G7。研究表明,HLA-G1和HLA-G5具有明确的生物学活性也是研究较为深入的两种亚型,他们可以与T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞和NK细胞表面的ILT2/CD85j/LILRB1,ILT4/CD85d/LILRB2,KIR2DL4/CD158d受体结合而发挥免疫抑制功能。目前,HLA-G分子可以在肝癌、肾癌、肺癌、胃癌、食道癌、鼻咽癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、直肠癌和血液肿瘤中表达。本文从HLA-G分子的结构和功能出发,综述了HLA-G分子在上述肿瘤中表达的情况,旨在分析HLA-G在各种肿瘤组织中表达的特点以及临床意义,为临床早期诊断和治疗肿瘤提供参考。     

Expression and reconstitution of a biologically active mouse interferon gamma receptor in hamster cells. Chromosomal location of an accessory factor.

In order to localize the chromosome encoding the accessory factor required for function of the murine interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor, we transfected a cDNA expression vector encoding the receptor into several Chinese hamster x mouse somatic cell hybrids. As mouse Chromosome 10 carries the gene which encodes the interferon gamma-receptor (Ifgr), we used somatic cell hybrids that lack this chromosome. The presence of mouse Chromosome 16 was required to generate a response to murine IFN-gamma as assayed by stimulation of class I major histocompatibility complex antigen expression. These results demonstrate a species-specific accessory factor encoded on mouse Chromosome 16 (termed Ifgt) is necessary for mouse IFN-gamma to stimulate major histocompatibility complex expression through its receptor.     

基因表达系列分析技术的新进展

作为新近建立的研究基因表达的有效工具 ,基因表达系列分析 (SAGE)技术能同时对大量的转录物进行定性和定量分析。它不仅可以显示低丰度的转录物 ,提供基因组表达的完整信息 ,而且可以通过不同状态下基因表达图谱的比较 ,深入了解基因表达的时空性和有序性 ,从而寻找和发现新基因。本文介绍了SAGE的工作原理和方法 ,并着重对其最新的应用与研究进展进行了综述。     

基因表达的系列分析方法研究进展

基因表达的系列分析（SAGE）是探讨组织或器官在不同条件下基因表达丰度以及差异表达的一种有效方法。本文介绍了SAGE方法的详细机理并且对SAGE方法学的改进进行了综述。     

强大的广谱基因表达分析技术——基因表达系列分析法

基因表达系列分析(serial analysis of gene expression,SAGE)是一项强大的数字化分析基因组整体表达模式的技术。它的诞生为定量、全局性地分析特定细胞内的基因表达情况提供了可能。本文介绍了SAGE技术的基本原理、最新进展和应用。     

活性型粒酶B基因的异位表达导致多核巨细胞产生

粒酶B（granzyme B, GrB）是一种重要的丝氨酸蛋白酶参与细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)和自然杀伤细胞(NK)介导的细胞杀伤过程.为研究粒酶B在肿瘤细胞中异位表达后能否诱导细胞死亡,将构建的活性型粒酶B（GrBa）基因及其酶活性中心突变型（mGrBa）基因的真核表达载体,以脂质体法瞬时转染HeLa细胞,通过绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)共表达、间接免疫荧光、细胞计数、MTT等方法,观察到GrBa蛋白的异位表达引起多核巨细胞形态异常,并且表达细胞的生长受到抑制.Percoll分离多核巨细胞后,观察到其生长状态较差,是导致生长抑制的直接原因.细胞骨架破坏和具有多极纺锤体的异常有丝分裂,推测是多核巨细胞不断产生的根源.上述结果为GrBa应用于肿瘤基因治疗提供了一定依据.     

Application of a Mouse Ligated Peyer’s Patch Intestinal Loop Assay to Evaluate Bacterial Uptake by M cells

The inside of our gut is inhabited with enormous number of commensal bacteria. The mucosal surface of the gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to them and occasionally to pathogens. The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) play a key role for induction of the mucosal immune response to these microbes^{1, 2}. To initiate the mucosal immune response, the mucosal antigens must be transported from the gut lumen across the epithelial barrier into organized lymphoid follicles such as Peyer''s patches. This antigen transcytosis is mediated by specialized epithelial M cells^{3, 4}. M cells are atypical epithelial cells that actively phagocytose macromolecules and microbes. Unlike dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, which target antigens to lysosomes for degradation, M cells mainly transcytose the internalized antigens. This vigorous macromolecular transcytosis through M cells delivers antigen to the underlying organized lymphoid follicles and is believed to be essential for initiating antigen-specific mucosal immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting this antigen uptake by M cells are largely unknown. We have previously reported that glycoprotein 2 (Gp2), specifically expressed on the apical plasma membrane of M cells among enterocytes, serves as a transcytotic receptor for a subset of commensal and pathogenic enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), by recognizing FimH, a component of type I pili on the bacterial outer membrane ⁵. Here, we present a method for the application of a mouse Peyer''s patch intestinal loop assay to evaluate bacterial uptake by M cells. This method is an improved version of the mouse intestinal loop assay previously described ^{6, 7}. The improved points are as follows: 1. Isoflurane was used as an anesthetic agent. 2. Approximately 1 cm ligated intestinal loop including Peyer''s patch was set up. 3. Bacteria taken up by M cells were fluorescently labeled by fluorescence labeling reagent or by overexpressing fluorescent protein such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). 4. M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium covering Peyer''s patch were detected by whole-mount immunostainig with anti Gp2 antibody. 5. Fluorescent bacterial transcytosis by M cells were observed by confocal microscopic analysis. The mouse Peyer''s patch intestinal loop assay could supply the answer what kind of commensal or pathogenic bacteria transcytosed by M cells, and may lead us to understand the molecular mechanism of how to stimulate mucosal immune system through M cells.     

基因表达系列分析技术在真菌功能基因组学中的应用

基因表达系列分析( SAGE)是一种在mRNA水平上高通量、快速、灵敏分析细胞或组织基因表达信息,并在基因组学研究中广泛应用的技术.该技术不仅能够全面地分析特定组织或细胞表达的基因,比较不同时空条件下基因表达的差异,还可以在全基因组范围内获得基因的表达谱,从而发现新基因.综述基因表达系列分析技术在材料用量、标签长度、技术流程和标签测序等方面的研究进展及该技术在病原真菌、工业真菌和食用真菌功能基因组学中的应用.