DNA甲基化介导的植物逆境应答和胁迫记忆

DNA甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要形式,它不仅对植物生长发育具有重要的调控作用,而且参与了植物对各种逆境胁迫的应答过程。逆境通过改变植物DNA基化水平和模式对胁迫应答基因网络进行调控,从而增强当代或后代对逆境的适应性。本文主要对DNA甲基化介导的生物和非生物逆境应答及植物胁迫记忆的最新研究进展进行综述,同时对该领域研究中存在的问题和未来研究的方向进行讨论与展望。     

花斑裸鲤Epo和Epor基因克隆及其低氧诱导的mRNA表达

促红细胞生成素(EPO)是一种糖蛋白激素,在动物低氧适应中发挥着重要作用。本研究采用RT-PCR方法克隆了花斑裸鲤(Gymncypris eckloni)Epo和Epor基因的编码序列,并开展了分子进化和低氧诱导表达研究。结果表明,花斑裸鲤Epo基因编码序列长度为552 bp,编码183个氨基酸;Epor基因编码序列长度为1 590 bp,编码529个氨基酸。氨基酸序列同源性分析显示,花斑裸鲤促红细胞生成素(EPO)和促红细胞生成素受体(EPOR)与鲤科其他鱼类均有较高的同源性,表明在进化过程中具有较强保守性,同时花斑裸鲤Epo和Epor基因均未经历正向选择。在重度低氧[溶解氧为(0.3±0.1)mg/L]和中度低氧[溶解氧为(3.0±0.1)mg/L]胁迫下,花斑裸鲤部分关键组织如红肌、脑组织中Epo m RNA表达量急剧升高,表明促红细胞生成素(EPO)可能在花斑裸鲤运动、神经营养和神经保护方面发挥了重要作用,是对低氧环境适应的一种调节机制。     

Inhibition of a prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) by substrate analog peptides

Oxygen dependent degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is triggered with hydroxylation by proline hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) under normoxic conditions. Some of previously developed PHD2 inhibitors show a considerable potency against factor inhibiting HIF (FIH), the HIF asparagine hydroxylase. For specific inhibition of PHD2, we have synthesized peptides containing 556-575 residues of HIF-1α with modifications at the Pro-564 and examined their inhibitory effect against PHD2. Adopting fluorescence polarization-based assays, we evaluated inhibitory potency of the peptides and selected potent inhibitors. These PHD2 inhibitor peptides showed no significant potency against FIH, demonstrating their specific inhibitory effect on PHD2.     

植物DNA甲基化变异对生物和非生物胁迫的响应机制

高等植物具有复杂的机制使其对环境的变化做出响应,这种机制是通过长期进化建立起来的.它们能够对出现的生物和非生物胁迫产生响应.在分子水平上,植物对各种胁迫的响应是受多基因表达变化调控的,包括植物激素水杨酸、脱落酸等信号途径在整合、协调植物胁迫过程中起关键作用.近年来的研究表明,在植物响应胁迫这一过程中还进行着表观遗传调控...     

Molecular Cloning and Expression of Yak (Bos grunniens) Lactoferrin cDNA in Pichia pastoris

cDNA encoding lactoferrin from yak was isolated by RT-PCR and then sequenced. The cloned cDNA (2127 bp) encodes a 709 amino acid precursor molecule of yak lactoferrin with a signal peptide of 19 amino acids. The yak lactoferrin cDNA was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant protein, purified by Ni-NTA affinity column, had a molecular weight of 76 kDa and reacted with an antibody raised against native bovine lactoferrin. The iron-binding behavior and antimicrobial activity of the purified protein indicated that it was correctly folded and functional.     

The Effect of Retroviral Vector on Uptake of Human Lactoferrin DNA by Yak (Bos Grunniens) Spermatozoa and their Fertilizability In Vitro

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the transfection effectiveness of retroviral vector PLNCX2 in yak sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) and the effect of SMGT on sperm motility and fertilizability. Human lactoferrin (hLF) DNA was ligated into PLNCX2 to construct recombinant plasmid PLNCX2-hLF, then, using PLNCX2-hLF+FuGene 6 to generate SMGT yak spermatozoa for fertilizing bovine oocytes. The result showed that DNA-binding rate increased with the extension of incubation period and DNA treatment did not decrease sperm motility. Oocytes inseminated with SMGT-spermatozoa had a lower (P < 0.05) cleavage rate (57.7%) than the control (73.4%), but development up to blastocyst stage was not different (26.8 vs. 31.7%). It appears that PLNCX2 is useful for generating transgenic yaks by SMGT.     

不同水陆环境中喜旱莲子草甲基化调控因子表达水平和差异表达基因启动子区甲基化状态分析

DNA甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传调控方式,参与对植物生长发育的调控,并在植物逆境胁迫响应中发挥作用。DNA甲基化的建立和维持是胞嘧啶甲基转移酶、染色质重塑酶、组蛋白修饰因子和去甲基化因子等协同作用的结果,环境胁迫能诱导植物体内DNA甲基化状态改变,进而改变基因表达水平和式样,影响植物的适应性。喜旱莲子草是一种恶性入侵植物,种内遗传多样性很低,主要依靠极强的表型可塑性侵占不同水陆生境。对克隆繁殖的喜旱莲子草个体进行不同时间的淹水处理,并用定量PCR方法检测16个DNA甲基化调控基因在不同处理条件下的表达水平和变化趋势,发现其中13个基因在不同处理时间点的表达水平有明显变化,且在淹水植株中多数基因在处理前期被强烈诱导上调表达。运用亚硫酸氢钠测序技术对两个在不同水陆条件下明显差异表达基因(Contig942和Contig23336)的上游启动子区甲基化动态进行分析,发现启动子区多个胞嘧啶位点的甲基化修饰状态在不同水陆条件下及淹水处理的不同时期呈现快速且可逆的动态变化,可能影响这些基因在不同环境条件下的表达水平。本研究结果能帮助了解喜旱莲子草表型可塑性变异和适应性发生的分子机理。     

Dual regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression in hypoxia by CREB and HIF-1

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a well-described pro-inflammatory mediator that has also been implicated in the process of oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. However, despite the compelling evidence that MIF is overexpressed in, and contributes to, the pathology of inflammatory and malignant diseases the mechanisms that contribute to exaggerated expression of MIF have been poorly described. Here we show that hypoxia, and specifically HIF-1alpha, is a potent and rapid inducer of MIF expression. In addition, we demonstrate that hypoxia-induced MIF expression is dependent upon a HRE in the 5'UTR of the MIF gene but is further modulated by CREB expression. We propose a model where hypoxia-induced MIF expression is driven by HIF-1 but amplified by hypoxia-induced degradation of CREB. Given the importance of MIF in inflammatory and malignant diseases these data reveal a HIF-1-mediated pathway as a potential therapeutic target for suppression of MIF expression in hypoxic tissues.     

HIF-1alpha和COX-2在溃疡性结肠炎患者外周血及黏膜组织中表达及意义

目的：探讨HIF-1琢和COX-2 在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者外周血及黏膜组织中表达及意义。方法：87 例UC患者根据临床病 情分为活动期（n=63）和缓解期（n=24）,同期选取行结肠镜检查无异常健康者40 名作为对照组,利用qRT-PCR 对外周血及黏膜 组织标本中HIF-1alpha和COX-2 表达进行检测。结果：活动期UC 患者外周血和黏膜组织中HIF-1alpha mRNA和COX-2 mRNA相对表 达量均高于缓解期患者,且均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;活动期UC 患者中,临床病情重型患者外周血及黏膜组 织中HIF-1-alpha mRNA 和COX-2 mRNA 相对表达量高于中型及轻型患者,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,内镜表现分级Ⅲ 级患者 外周血及黏膜组织中HIF-1-alpha mRNA和COX-2 mRNA相对表达量高于Ⅱ级及Ⅰ级患者,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;Pearson 相关分析显示,活动期UC患者外周血及黏膜组织中HIF-1alphamRNA和COX-2 mRNA相对表达量均与Mayo 评分呈正相关（r=0. 592、0.722 和0.694、0.456,P<0.05）;Spearman 相关分析显示,活动期UC 患者外周血及黏膜组织中HIF-1-mRNA 和COX-2 mRNA 相对表达量均与临床病情呈正相关（r=0.804、0.826 和0.752、0.763,P<0.05）,且与内镜表现分级呈正相关（r=0.803、0.749和 0.858、0.793,P<0.05）。结论：HIF-1-alpha 和COX-2 在UC患者外周血及黏膜组织中呈高表达,且与患者病情严重程度有关。     

NF2基因甲基化及其mRNA表达与乳腺癌发病的关系

目的:探讨乳腺癌中NF2基因启动子甲基化状态及其mRNA水平与乳腺癌发病的关系.方法:应用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(MSP)和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,检测47例乳腺癌组织及相应的癌旁组织和15例乳腺良性病变组织,分析NF2基因的甲基化与某些临床参数及mRNA表达的关系.结果:NF2基因启动子区在乳腺癌、癌旁和乳腺良性病变组织中的甲基化频率分别为57.4%(27/47)、23.4%(23/47)和0%(0/15).且乳腺癌组明显高于其余两组(P＜0.05).NF2基因发生甲基化与发病年龄、组织分型、转移和组织分级无相关性.乳腺癌组NF2基因mRNA的相对表达量(0.16±0.11)明显低于相应的癌旁组(0.27±0.14)及乳腺良性病变组(0.64±0.17)(P＜0.05).NF2基因启动子区甲基化频率与其mRNA表达呈负相关(Spearman's r=-0.314,P＜0.05).结论:NF2基因发生甲基化与乳腺癌的发生密切相关,NF2mRNA表达与NF2基因启动子高甲基化呈负相关.     

Transcriptome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiles of Masson Pine WRKY Transcription Factors in Response to Low Phosphorus Stress

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter - Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is an economically important conifer tree that can be widely used for timber, pulp, and resin production. However, the...     

miR-138-5p靶向缺氧诱导因子1α对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞生长和转移的调节作用

目的探索miR-138-5p对胰腺癌细胞PANC-1生长、转移的影响及其相关机制。方法应用荧光实时定量PCR (real-time quantitative PCR, RT-PCR)检测miR-138-5p及其缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, HIF-1α)在PANC-1细胞中的表达。应用荧光素酶报告检测验证miR-138-5p与HIF-1α之间的生物学关系。通过体外试验研究miR-138-5p、HIF-1α在PANC-1细胞中的生物学功能,Western blot检测蛋白表达情况;CCK-8检测PANC-1细胞增殖能力;Transwell试验检测PANC-1细胞侵袭能力;划痕试验检测PANC-1细胞迁移能力。结果 miR-138-5p表达明显下调HIF-1α表达水平(P<0.01),生物信息学预测和荧光素酶报告试验证明miR-138-5p通过直接结合HIF-1α 3′-未翻译区域(3′-UTR)抑制HIF-1α。在PANC-1细胞中,miR-138-5p过表达可抑制HIF-1α表达及细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 miR-138-5p结合HIF-1α 3′-UTR的沉默HIF-1α;miR-138-5p通过打靶HIF-1α而抑制胰腺癌细胞PANC-1增殖和转移。HIF-1α可能是胰腺癌的治疗靶点。     

马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)Pm-HK基因的克隆及其对温度胁迫的响应

己糖激酶(hexokinase, HK)是糖酵解过程中的首个限速酶。本实验利用RACE技术克隆获得了马氏珠母贝HK (Pm-HK)基因,并对其基因和氨基酸序列结构特征进行了生物信息学分析,同时采用荧光定量PCR技术分析了该基因在不同组织的表达模式及不同温度下的时序表达模式。序列分析表明,Pm-HK cDNA序列全长为2 403 bp,其中开放式阅读框1 548 bp,5'UTR 74 bp,3'UTR 781 bp,共编码515个氨基酸,分子量为57.67 kD,理论等电点为6.08。结构域分析发现Pm-HK具有两个完整的保守功能域Hexokinase_1、Hexokinase_2,以及两个Glucose-6-Phosphate结合位点、三个Glucose结合位点,两个ATP结合位点。多序列比对结果表明Pm-HK与太平洋牡蛎HK同源性最高,为81%;系统进化分析发现,Pm-HK与太平洋牡蛎等贝类HK聚为一支。组织表达定量分析结果显示,Pm-HK在马氏珠母贝肝胰腺中显著高表达;对不同温度下鳃组织中Pm-HK的时序表达分析发现,在处理12 h后各时间点低温组(12℃) Pm-HK基因表达水平最高,且均显著高于中低温组(17℃)、对照组(22℃)和高温组(32℃)。以上结果表明Pm-HK可能参与马氏珠母贝的低温胁迫响应。该研究为进一步探索Pm-HK在马氏珠母贝在温度适应性中的作用提供了基础资料。     

Plant Response to Integrated Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Stress Factors

Responses of cultivated plants (Lepidium sativum L. and Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), i.e., changes in growth characteristics, pigment and proline content, to an integrated impact of natural (temperature) and anthropogenic (substrate acidity, population density, and heavy metals) stress factors were studied under controlled environmental conditions. The experiments were carried out in a phytotron (tomato) and under laboratory conditions (garden cress). The external stress factors produced a general suppression of growth and pigment synthesis and differentially affected individual biological characteristics of the plants. Each of the stress factors narrowed the interval of plant tolerance to other stress factors. Strong impact of one stress factor affected plant homeostasis mechanisms by weakening plant response to other stress factors.